托福阅读掌握快速答题法节省做题时间

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【简介】感谢网友“小喵咪哇”参与投稿,下面是小编整理的托福阅读掌握快速答题法节省做题时间(共7篇),欢迎您阅读,希望对您有所帮助。

篇1:托福阅读掌握快速答题法节省做题时间

如何提升托福阅读速度?掌握快速答题法节省做题时间

一.托福阅读速度很重要

很多托福考生都说,也许在托福阅读中,影响人的实力发挥的恐怕就是要求60分钟内做完42道阅读题。托福阅读不同于CET4,CET6,与高考也是有区别的,因为这些都是大约4-5篇阅读,20题,而且这些考试都没有要求做完每门考试所用的时间。因此很多同学在一开始做托福阅读的时候,十分不适应托福阅读的时间限制,有的人甚至在考前都没有克服这个问题

二.托福阅读快速答题法

1.阅读文章的首段前4行

注意这里不是前2行,因为现在很多文章首句通常是由专业名词组成或者是一些习语组成,大多数中国学生只知道看完首句,然后他们就崩溃了,因为专业词汇和习惯用语一次性将他们打懵。因此这里建议首先读完前4行来了解文章主题方向。

2.根据题目在文章中找答案

然后在题中找关键词回到原文进行点查。不过这里点查也是有技巧的。第一题通常是文章的主题题,跳过不做,放到后来做,其他的很多试题都是标记了行号或者可以通过特殊字符来辨认,比如数字,大写字母,拼写十分怪异的单词等等,当一道题没有这些标示的时候要通过邻近的其他试题来定位本题在原文中的位置。

以上是小站君为大家整理的托福阅读快速做题法,希望对大家备考托福阅读有帮助。大家在做托福阅读的时候可以先看段首了解大意,然后直接从题目在文章找答案,这样可以提升托福阅读速度,也能在考试中为大家节省不少时间。

浅谈技巧在托福阅读中的重要性

托福阅读技巧重要吗?重要。但是技巧永远是一种辅助工具,想要胜利最重要的是努力,勤奋,这才是最最真实,最不会忘记的东西。所以把“技巧”炒作成托福考试的主体的做法实在是错误的。这是一种不负责任的态度。下面,一起和小编来看看:

托福阅读理解满分的出现必须依赖于三个方面的训练:

1.词汇

从某种意义上来讲,词汇量的大小是TOEFL阅读理解高分的基础和关键。如果词汇量没有达到基本要求(五千以上),纵然你有“葵花宝典”在手,也只能命丧ETS的“毒招”之下。所以,以牺牲词汇量为代价的技巧练习简直是一味巨毒无比的“五毒散”。

2.通过练习使学生养成高效的阅读方法--即所谓的托福阅读技巧

TOEFL的阅读量非常大,一般的中国考生根本无法把文章全部读完,所谓的“扫读法”、“跳读法”和“略读法”也只能适用于少数类型的文章,根本不能解决本质问题。那么,文章到底应该怎么读法呢?一句话,主动地阅读文章的关键部位。所谓主动是指不能象一般的阅读那样完全被动地接受信息,而应该不断的进行思考和预测;所谓关键部位,主要是每一段的开头和结尾部分。由于TOEFL的阅读理解文章全部选自于正式出版物,文章的逻辑结构非常完整和严谨,而且出现的逻辑模式也是屈指可数。经过系统的训练,考生的预测可以做到非常准确的程度。这样,通过阅读文章的几处关键部位,就能很快地把握整个文章的结构和内在的逻辑关系,也就解决了问题的70%。

3.解题训练

排除法恐怕是一直以来大多数学生在解阅读理题目时使用最多的方法。事实上,这种方法具有致命的缺点:干扰大、费时间。更有效和迅速的办法是读完题干之后,就在脑子反映出一个模糊的或者是不完整的答案,然后直接在选项中寻找接近的答案进行判断。这种能力必须在平时的训练和讲解中逐渐养成和加强,决非什么技巧之类的东西可以替代。

除了上述三方面的训练之外,如果能够对一些基本的背景知识加以补充的话,更能确保阅读理解的准确率和速度。

托福阅读背景资料之手指的感应

托福阅读材料之手指感应。同学们在托福阅读备考期间,多做托福阅读练习是很有必要的。今天托福小编为同学们带来的是手指感应的相关内容。下面,和小编一起来看看吧:

打字错误是谁都难以避免的,但是据最新研究得出的结论是,我们的手指能感应到打字正确与否。

Whether you're a hunt-and-peck typist or a Rachmaninoff of the keyboard, you will make mistakes. But it's not just your eyes catching typos when you see them on the screen. Your hands know when you mess up too. That’s according to a study in the journal Science. [Gordon Logan and Matthew Crump, “Cognitive Illusions of Authorship Reveal Hierarchical Error Detection in Skilled Typists”]

Researchers recruited expert typists—college students, of course—and showed them 600 five-letter words, one at a time. And they asked the students to type those words as quickly and accurately as possible. But sometimes, the researchers inserted typos in the word as it appeared on screen, when the students hadn’t made one. Other times they automatically corrected typos the students did make.

And the students tended to believe the screen. So if a typo had been added, they figured they must have messed up. If a typo had been corrected they thought they typed it right. But the hands didn't fall for it. When the fingers slipped up, they paused a split second longer than usual before typing the next letter. But they didn't pause when fake typos appeared on-screen only. So we apparently have two discrete mechanisms guarding against typing errors, one visual, the other tactile. To fox quick brown fixes. To fix quick brown foxes.

托福阅读如何在考前调整心理状态

托福阅读最后决定结果的因素是多方面的,首先当然就是自身水平,而其他诸如托福阅读技巧等也是重要因素,下面的托福阅读高分策略就来介绍一下这个问题。

托福阅读技巧的掌握

当然,如果你能够不断刷新自己的托福阅读高分,相信你已经拥有了不错的实力基础。不过,还是需要提醒你在临考之前巩固实力还是非常重要的。比如,对于做错的题目再次过一遍。而对于解题技巧来说,临近考试必须对于解题技巧以及解题思路都要烂熟于心。无论,别人是多么有用的技巧、网上还有怎样最新的技巧,你必有拥有一套自己的解题思路和技巧。

考前心理的调整

托福阅读高分策略在临近考前时候,信心对于所有考生来说是最为重要的,相信自己能就对所有的问题。在考前默默的对自己说”我可以面对托福考试,这个难度一定没有问题”。另外,还需要提醒大家的就是在考前几天,不要再做新题。原因就是如果新题中产生的错题,可能会让人产生较为纠结的情绪,影响考试的发挥。

考试当天的发挥

如果按照平时的良好练习,相信你已经会拥有了一个良好的答题速度。在考试当天,也要保持好这样的解题速度,它能帮助你在指定的时间内顺利的做完每一道题。千万不要因为考场的一些原因,打乱了自己的答题节奏。

篇2:托福阅读节省答题时间这些方法值得一试

托福阅读节省答题时间这些方法值得一试

托福考试对阅读能力较高要求

首先需要明确的一点是,托福考试中对于考生的阅读能力有较高要求,而这种要求不仅体现在阅读部分,考试中的其它部分也都需要运用到大家的阅读能力,因此,提升阅读能力是解决托福阅读时间问题的关键所在。具体来说,托福考试不仅有单独的托福阅读理解测试,而且在口语以及写作方面的测试中也明显的对阅读能力提出了要求。按照ETS的官方说明,托福阅读中的文章都是科普文章,结构特征和内容特征是比较明显的,所以大家可以从以下四个方面来提升托福阅读的解题效率减少耗时。

1. 背熟词汇才能更快看懂托福阅读文章

想要做好托福阅读,背托福单词是最基础的。这个就是需要学员自己完成任务。但是尤为重要的一点是,托福考试中,对单词的考查不仅仅是背过单词含义就可以,更重要的是要学会应用,学会在文章中理解使用单词。

2. 掌握句式提升托福阅读整体速度

同中文的一句一句短小的句子不同,英文中的句子多是长句,有时候一个句子就是一段。而且英文的句子多是主从复合句,以中式的思维逻辑来学习会很不习惯,不能适应句子的2.语序。这就需要托福考生在平时的训练中多读多看,扩大泛读。

3.了解托福阅读文章段落结构加速理解

托福阅读的文章大多都是学术性比较强的文章,而这类文章的特点之一就是大都具有明确的文章结构,特别是文章的中心内容和各个段落的大意,往往会在段落的段首第一句就直接给出,也就是说,考生如果能够熟练掌握学术类文章的大致结构,就能很大幅度提升阅读和理解文章的速度,对于解题中寻找各类核心内容细节案例的题型也会有更高效的定位方法。

4.应对特定题型学会高效解题技巧

除了文章的结构固定外,托福阅读题型中有很多题型都有比较高效的解决方法。比如出现频率较高的主旨题和态度题等等,看似需要通读全文才能解答,实际上都可以依靠快速阅读或者直接寻找中心句主旨句和态度词等便捷方法快速解决,掌握解题技巧后能够为大家节省出很多时间。

托福阅读提速还需学会边读边做笔记

除了上述技巧外,托福阅读考试过程中,学会快速记笔记也是有效地把握文章结构,记录重要信息的手段。如果大家能够养成边读边记的习惯,会让理解效率大大提高。从这个角度来看,同学们更应该以托福考试为契机,培养自己这种良好的阅读习惯,从而在学习和研究中达到事半功倍的效果。

总而言之,托福阅读时间不够用的问题想要解决并不困难,考生如果能结合上文提到的各类方法技巧,再加上一些练习的巩固,很快就能摆脱阅读时间不足的困扰,高效而准确地做好托福阅读拿到理想成绩。

托福查询分数可能出现哪些问题?

问1:考完考试分数多久出来,可以刷分(就是考多次考试)吗?

答:考试结束后,一般10-13个工作日ETS官网上就可以查询成绩了。托福考试的分数是没有记录的,也就是说考生无论参加多少次的托福考试,申请是都可以用自己的最高成绩进行申请,其他次的考试不会对成绩造成任何影响,但是两次考试要间隔12天以上。

问2:考试之后的正式成绩单如何寄送?

答:托福考试的成绩单的寄送是指将托福成绩单邮寄给考生自己,而并非将成绩单邮寄给美国大学。一般成绩单在考试完成后8周左右会邮寄到考生手里。

问3:什么是口语成绩的“复议”?

答:口语“复议”的概念是:提出口语部分重新评分的申请。同时需要交纳一定的费用。

复议的收费分下面两种

第一种,如果你只是想要对口语或者是写作部分进行成绩复议的话,那么你所要交纳的费用是535元人民币。

例如:口语复议申请单项:535元。

例如:作文复议申请单项:535元。

第二种,如果你想要对两项都进行成绩复议的话,就是说,你也想复议口语也想复议作文,那么你就要交1067元人民币。

例如:口语与作文同时申请双项:1067元。

问4:何种情况适合复议?

答:以下两种情况比较适合复议:

1)其它分数很高,单项成绩很低,比考生自己预想的成绩低。

2)申请的时间允许,因为复议需要较长的时间。

注意:复议可能会加分同样可能会降分一旦降分将无法修改!

如果考生判断自己应高于或等于此分,可选择复议。只有口语和作文是可以复议的。但许多同学遇到听力或阅读只得到个位数成绩的情况。想口语复议的考生可以回忆一下考试时的发挥,以及对照高分的EXAMPLE ANSWER来决定是否复议。也有说法是说如果其他三项的分数都很高,口语复议加分的可能性比较大。作文方面,有的时候自己认为写的很不错的文章,拿给别人一看就会被挑出很多毛病,所以作文的主观感觉有时不是很准。作文可以把自己平时的文章拿来参照OG上的评分标准。如果平常的文章就有一些语法错误和拼写错误的话,真正考试的时候只会多不会少,提分的可能性就不大。

问5:申请复议的时间有要求吗?

答:自10月10日起托福网考成绩复议申请期限开始调整改变,由原来的考试结束后的三个月内变为考试结束后30天内提出申请。与此同时,如果考生已申请了向机构或者学校或寄送成绩单,包括免费和付费申请,那么就不能再对该次考试成绩提出复议。

托福阅读考试时间安排很重要

托福阅读考试时间如何安排,对于不少做英语阅读速度不快的同学来说,是一个很大的难题。

由于很多同学对于托福考试阅读技巧并不熟悉,无法运用到考试中,因此在做托福阅读时非常匆忙,有的同学甚至来不及看完后面的题目,就随便选了一个选项。要保质保量地完成阅读题,并拿到理想的分数,我们需要了解托福阅读时间安排,了解托福考试阅读技巧。

首先介绍下托福阅读时间安排,阅读考试总时长60分钟,如果遇到阅读加试,时长则是80分钟。无加试一共3篇阅读,每篇14道题。

建议基础较好的学生把时间控制在15分钟/篇,基础一般或是较弱的学生也要控制到20分钟/篇。阅读是可以检查修改之前的答案的,所以不要花费太多的时间去纠结某一道题目,把时间分配好,最后用多出来的时间回头检查以及思考不确定的选项。

每天练习的时候,建议严格按照时间分配,掐时间做题,比如15分钟一到就进入下一篇阅读,不要老抱着“我这篇超点时间没事,下篇抓紧一点”的心态。把速度提起来很重要。

托福阅读不同于CET4/CET6,与高考也是有区别的,因为这些都是大约4-5篇阅读,20题,而且这些考试都没有要求做完没门考试所用的时间。因此很多同学在一开始做托福阅读的时候,十分不适应托福阅读的时间限制,有的人甚至在考前都没有克服这个问题。

如何提高自己的阅读速度,给大家提供两种托福考试阅读技巧:

1、先阅读文章的首段前4行,注意这里不是前2行,因为现在很多文章首句通常是由专业名词组成或者是一些习语组成,首先读完前4行来了解文章主题方向。

2、直接做题,然后在题中找关键词回到原文进行点查。第一题通常是文章的主题题,跳过不做,放到最后来做,其他的很多试题都是标记了行号或者可以通过特殊字符来辨认,当一道题没有这些标示的时候要通过邻近的其他试题来定位本题在原文中的位置。这样就可以在最大程度上节省托福阅读时间。

在托福阅读中,ETS给出的文章中有大量故意制造的难句,词汇量不够,方法不对等,导致你的时间是不够的。在托福阅读备考中进行审题时,千万不要边看边读,或边看边读的时间超过了托福阅读时间,要学会自己合适控制阅读时间。

托福阅读考试模拟试题训练

Everyone in a particular society recognizes social roles: father, mother, child, teacher, student, police officer, store clerk, doctor, judge, political leader, and so on. Every culture expects certain types of behavior from people who play certain social roles. Anyone occupying a given position is expected to adopt a specific attitude. A store clerk is expected to take care of customers patiently and politely, and a judge is expected to make wise and fair decisions about laws.

Informal social roles are not always easy to recognize, but can be identified with careful research. They are key indicators of a group's health and happiness. Within the family, one informal role is the family hero, the person who defines integrity and upholds family morality. Others are the family arbitrator, the person who keeps the peace, and the family historian, often a grandparent, who relays valuable cultural information that maintains both the family and the larger society. And finally, there is the family friend, the person who provides comfort and companionship to the family members with emotional needs.

1.Why does the author mention a store clerk and a judge in paragraph 1?

A. To give examples of people who hold positions of respects.

B. To explain why social roles are important to a society.

C. To illustrate the behavior required of certain social roles.

D. To compare the responsibilities of two different occupations.

2.Why does the author use the term key indicators in discussing informal social roles?

A.To identify the most important type of social roles.

B.To explain how to identify informal social roles

C.To point out that informal roles are unique to families

D.To emphasize the value of informal roles to a group

答案:1.C 2.D

The many part of the earth’s atmosphere are linked with the various parts of the earth’s surface to produce a whole---the climate system. Different parts of the earth’s surface react to the energy of the sun in different ways. For example, ice and snow reflect much of it. Land surfaces absorb solar energy and heat up rapidly. Oceans store the energy without experiencing a significant temperature rise. Thus, the different types of surfaces transfer heat into the atmosphere at different rates.

We can view climate as existing in three domains: space, time, and human perception. In the domain of space, we can study local, regional, and global climates. In time, we can look at the climate for a year, a decade, a millennium, and so forth. Finally, we depend on our perceptions of the data, so we must include our own human perception into our model. Human perception must be included if our understanding of climatic processes is to be translated into societal actions. As a society, we make informed choices about how to use the beneficial effects of climate, such as deciding when and where to plant crops. We also make choices about how to minimize the harmful effects of climate---storms, blizzards, and droughts.

1.Why does the author discuss different parts of the earth’s surface in paragraph 1?

A.To explain why humans live in some parts but not in others

B.To show that the entire earth is made of the same materials

C.To compare how various surfaces transfer heat into the atmosphere

D.To describe changes in the earth’s appearance throughout the year.

2.According to the author, why must we include human perception in our study of climate?

A.We must interpret data and take actions related to climate

B.We must create an interesting model of the climate system

C.We must develop an understanding of our environment

D.We must change our traditional ways of studying climate.

答案:1.C 2.A

篇3:托福听力掌握4步听力法快速提升

托福听力听不懂不要慌 掌握4步听力法快速提升

托福听力提升方法第一步 概听

初听就是将一段材料先做了解。首先我们要将材料听1-3遍,具体次数可以由材料难度来判断。这几遍听力里面重点听出文章的大意。

尤其是在“初听”的后几遍新托福听力中,可以将自己听材料的重心放在前面没有听出的题目或者内容上面,甚至可以总结出自己在听第一遍中有什么地方听的不是特别流畅,什么听力习惯不是很好,以便在以后的听力中不犯同样的错误。

托福听力提升方法第二步 细听

这步在整个托福听力备考中非常重要。在这次的听力以前,需要将文字答案仔细研究。由于我们前面已经听过数遍了,有的地方如果不参考文字答案是肯定无法听出来的,这样在通过对于文字答案详细的阅读以后,能够明确听力材料的内容,同时找到一些教难的词汇以及一些常考词汇,如果是使用剑桥还可以对照题目找出其中的同义词汇。

如剑7 Test 4 Section 2最后一题的文字答案为:And finally let‘s pass by the Waterbird Refuge.This area is in a sheltered part of estuary, that’s why the park‘s viewing shelter is a favourite spot for bird watchers who can use it to spy through binoculars.这边出现了几个比较生僻的词语:estuary河口,binoculars双筒望远镜,而此题的答案viewing shelter 也是一个比较难的词语,因此在这个地方如果不看文字答案将很难听明白。

再比如剑7 Test 3 Section 2第17题,文字答案为:you’ll start the trek on Day Three walking through the enormous Katiba Forest which will take the whole of the day.此题要听出答案forest并不是很难,但是前面的专有名词确实不可能能听出来的,通过文字答案也能更加好的了解具体内容。

在弄明白了文字答案以后,小编建议考生再次听一遍文章,这次听力非常重要,一定要力求听懂里面的内容。如果还是遇到了没有听清楚的部分,将听力材料停下来,看一遍听不出来的内容,然后将这个部分再听一遍。这步的要点就是“看听分开”。最终达到能够毫无难度的听完整个内容。由于事先已经将文字材料研究透彻,因此这次听力可以很快就达到目标。

托福听力提升方法第三步 冷却

当我们将一段材料听过这么多遍之后,这个听力法的精髓就是冷凝。需要将现在已经听的很熟的材料放到一边,冷却下来。对于同一个材料听的次数过多最终导致的结果就是对于材料的麻木而无法再继续听下去了,这样反而无法达到很好的听力的效果,而且如果由此产生了对细听的厌恶,反而是得不偿失。其实冷凝并不仅仅是冷却,而是要将刚刚学的内容让其下意识的在大脑里进行回顾。

托福听力提升方法第四步 回暖

经过1至2个星期的冷却,我们可以将前面进行细听的材料再次拿出来听一遍,由于经过前面的训练,这次熟练度一定非常不错,对于英语的信心度可以提升不少,再次回顾这个材料,也可以加深对前面不熟悉内容以及词汇的印象。经过这样一个循环,许多内容就可以更加纯熟了。然后可以再次冷却,再经过一段时间再次回暖。几次循环以后,很多内容自然而然的就能印入大脑了。

运用科学的方法才能学出自己想要的效果,上文中为大家介绍的托福听力提升方法希望大家能够积累学习,听力提升需要多练,更需要在正确的方法指导下练习。

托福听力练习:分子机器研究获诺贝尔奖

Got a minute?

“This year's Nobel Prize in Chemistry is about the world's smallest machines.”

G?ran Hansson, secretary general of the Royal Swedish Academy of Sciences, earlier this morning.

“The Royal Swedish Academy of Sciences has decided to award the Nobel Prize in Chemistry jointly to Jean-Pierre Sauvage, Sir James Fraser Stoddart and Bernard L. Feringa for the design and synthesis of molecular machines.”

Sauvage was born in Paris and is now an emeritus professor at the University of Strasbourg. Stoddart comes from Edinborough and is now at Northwestern University in Illinois. Feringa is from the Netherlands and is at the University of Groningen.

Following the announcement, Feringa called in and explained some of the potential applications for the microscopic machines.

“First of all let me say I feel a little bit like the Wright Brothers, who were flying a hundred years ago for the first time. And then people were saying, 'You know, why do we need a flying machine?' And now we have a Boeing 747 and an Airbus. So that is a bit how I feel...but once you are able to control movement, you have a motor, you can think of all kinds of functions.”

“So indeed, we think of transporters, like in your body there are many motors and machines that make it possible that your cells divide, that your muscles work, that there is transport in the cells, etc. But you can think also much broader. Think about nanomachines, microrobots, think about tiny robots that the doctor in the future will inject in your bloodstreams and that go to search for a cancer cell or are going to deliver a drug for instance. But also smart materials, for instance, materials that can adapt, change, depending on an external signal, just like our body functions. That is the kind of functions you can think of.”

2020托福听力练习:食品乳化剂引发肥胖

Inside our guts is a diverse ecosystem of bacteria:the microbiome.

But the makeup of the community can depend on what we eat.

Emulsifiers are food additives that extend the shelf life of processed foods.

And now research with mice finds that consuming emulsifiers may throw off the microbiome's delicate balance and thereby contribute to obesity and inflammatory bowel disease.

In the study, mice were fed doses of common emulsifiers in their water and mouse chow.

The substances appeared to make it easier for gut bacteria to chew through the layers of mucus that typically line the intestine.

The result was the triggering of chronic colitis in mice with impaired immune systems that predispose them to the condition.

And even in mice with normal immune systems, emulsifier consumption appeared to trigger mild intestinal inflammation.

These mice then tended to overeat and become obese and insulin resistant.

The study is in the journal Nature.

Could emulsifiers cause the same health consequences in humans and be behind some of the obesity trend?

The researchers hope to find out in future studies.

If nothing else, they write that their new finding suggests that there should be improved testing on the total health effects of chemicals in our food.

篇4:2020托福听力掌握听力法快速提升

托福听力掌握4步听力法快速提升

托福听力提升方法第一步 概听

初听就是将一段材料先做了解。首先我们要将材料听1-3遍,具体次数可以由材料难度来判断。这几遍听力里面重点听出文章的大意。

尤其是在“初听”的后几遍新托福听力中,可以将自己听材料的重心放在前面没有听出的题目或者内容上面,甚至可以总结出自己在听第一遍中有什么地方听的不是特别流畅,什么听力习惯不是很好,以便在以后的听力中不犯同样的错误。

托福听力提升方法第二步 细听

这步在整个托福听力备考中非常重要。在这次的听力以前,需要将文字答案仔细研究。由于我们前面已经听过数遍了,有的地方如果不参考文字答案是肯定无法听出来的,这样在通过对于文字答案详细的阅读以后,能够明确听力材料的内容,同时找到一些教难的词汇以及一些常考词汇,如果是使用剑桥还可以对照题目找出其中的同义词汇。

如剑7 Test 4 Section 2最后一题的文字答案为:And finally let‘s pass by the Waterbird Refuge.This area is in a sheltered part of estuary, that’s why the park‘s viewing shelter is a favourite spot for bird watchers who can use it to spy through binoculars.这边出现了几个比较生僻的词语:estuary河口,binoculars双筒望远镜,而此题的答案viewing shelter 也是一个比较难的词语,因此在这个地方如果不看文字答案将很难听明白。

再比如剑7 Test 3 Section 2第17题,文字答案为:you’ll start the trek on Day Three walking through the enormous Katiba Forest which will take the whole of the day.此题要听出答案forest并不是很难,但是前面的专有名词确实不可能能听出来的,通过文字答案也能更加好的了解具体内容。

在弄明白了文字答案以后,小编建议考生再次听一遍文章,这次听力非常重要,一定要力求听懂里面的内容。如果还是遇到了没有听清楚的部分,将听力材料停下来,看一遍听不出来的内容,然后将这个部分再听一遍。这步的要点就是“看听分开”。最终达到能够毫无难度的听完整个内容。由于事先已经将文字材料研究透彻,因此这次听力可以很快就达到目标。

托福听力提升方法第三步 冷却

当我们将一段材料听过这么多遍之后,这个听力法的精髓就是冷凝。需要将现在已经听的很熟的材料放到一边,冷却下来。对于同一个材料听的次数过多最终导致的结果就是对于材料的麻木而无法再继续听下去了,这样反而无法达到很好的听力的效果,而且如果由此产生了对细听的厌恶,反而是得不偿失。其实冷凝并不仅仅是冷却,而是要将刚刚学的内容让其下意识的在大脑里进行回顾。

托福听力提升方法第四步 回暖

经过1至2个星期的冷却,我们可以将前面进行细听的材料再次拿出来听一遍,由于经过前面的训练,这次熟练度一定非常不错,对于英语的信心度可以提升不少,再次回顾这个材料,也可以加深对前面不熟悉内容以及词汇的印象。经过这样一个循环,许多内容就可以更加纯熟了。然后可以再次冷却,再经过一段时间再次回暖。几次循环以后,很多内容自然而然的就能印入大脑了。

运用科学的方法才能学出自己想要的效果,上文中为大家介绍的托福听力提升方法希望大家能够积累学习,听力提升需要多练,更需要在正确的方法指导下练习。

托福听力练习对照文本

Before we adjourn, I'd like to remind everybody about the upcoming fundraising event—the ten kilometer run.

在我们休会之前,我想提醒大家关于即将到来的筹款活动——十公里跑。

The run is being organized to help raise money for the renovation of the old gym.

组织这次跑步是为了帮助旧的体育馆翻修筹款。

Our gym is in desperate need of repair, and the university must rely entirely on private donations to pay for its renovation.

我们的体育馆迫切需要维修,而大学必须完全地依靠私人捐款来支付它的翻修。

This event will be the students' contribution to the effort. The procedure for participating is quite simple.

本次活动将会是学生对慈善运动的贡献,参与的程序非常简单。

No entrance fees, no advance registration, and you don't have to be the best athlete on campus.

没有入场费,没有预约登记,而且你不必是校园里最好的运动员。

You only need to find sponsors willing to contribute one or more dollars for every kilometer of the race that you complete.

你只需要去寻找愿意为你完成的赛跑的每一公里贡献一美金或者更多钱的赞助者。

So, for example, if you run all ten kilometers, you'll collect ten dollars from someone who has pledged to give you one dollar per kilometer.

所以,举例来说,如果你跑了全部的十公里,你将从承诺每公里给你一美金的人那里募集十美金。

After the run, a race official will record the number of kilometers you've completed.

跑完步,比赛工作人员将记录你已经完成的公里数。

You can then show the record to your sponsors when you collect the money.

那时你就能在募集钱的时候给你的赞助者出示该记录。

You might encourage your friends to run in the race by telling them that there will be awards for everyone who gets five sponsors or more.

你可以鼓励你的朋友们参加跑步比赛,通过告诉他们所有得到五个或者更多的赞助者的人将会得到奖励。

But above all, it'll just be a lot of fun.

但首先,这将会很好玩。

So, please spread the word and get everyone involved either as runners or sponsors.

所以,请散播一下消息,并且每个人都参与进来,不论是作为跑步者或者是赞助者。

2020托福听力主旨题答题技巧

新托福听力考试总共有六大技巧的测试与考核。与这六大技巧相对,ETS有六大题型的测试,分别是:主旨题、细节题、句子功能题、态度题、结构题和推论题。而托福官方指南将这六大考题细归类为B, P, C三部分(Basic Comprehension Question, Pragmatic Comprehension Question, Connecting Information Question)。B部分包括:主旨题和细节题;P部分包括句子功能题和态度题;C部分又包括结构题和推论题。

在这六大题型中,出镜率、几乎每篇文章(我们知道托福听力考试涉及的文章有两种:conversation和lecture)都会涉及到的题目就是主旨题。把握好主旨题同样又是解答其他题目的关键。什么是主旨题呢?ETS官方给出的解释是:对话和讲座的大概意思,即文章主要涉及的是什么内容!关于主旨题,其实很多学生发现它是所有题型中简单的一道题目。可是往往我们如果不掌握一定的解题技巧和关键策略的话这道题同样可能丢分。所以,把握好主旨题是解题的重中之重。

下面我就如何解答主旨题做一下总结与点评:

1、主旨题在原文和题目中的位置

首先,大家要明确托福听力考试的一大特色就是题目顺序与文章的行文顺序相一致。所以,同学们要明确的是主旨题出现在文章的开头部分,不会出现在文章的中间部分。其中需要注意的一点是,在结尾部分同样可能会出现帮助解答主旨题的解题内容。因为老师很可能对文章内容进行概括和总结。那么,结尾部分就可能出现主旨题的答案!但是,这种情况比较少见!所以按照文章的行文顺序,主旨题题目一般只会出现于道题。所以通常,不管是conversation还是lecture,主旨题都会出现于首道题目。明确了题目的位置之后,我们来看一下主旨题的分类。

2、主旨题题型分类及典型问法

主旨题分为目的主旨和内容主旨。

目的主旨: 考查对话目的而非内容,即两个说话者的对话目的和教授讲这篇文章的目的。目的主旨一般出现于conversation中。

目的主旨典型问法:Why does the student visit the professor?

Why does the student visit the registrar’s office?

Why did the professor ask to see the student?

Why does the professor explain X?

内容主旨: 要求考生理解讲座或对话的主旨大意。材料有时会明确提出主旨,有时会很含蓄。 要求学生对听到的信息进行归纳总结。

内容主旨典型问法:What problem does the man have?

What are the speakers talking about?

What is the main ideaof the lecture?

What aspect of X does the professor mainly discuss?

3、主旨题解题技巧

关于解题技巧大家应该首先注意的是这两种题型与大家词汇量的多少无关。也就是说,词汇量即使很少也不会给这两种题型的解题造成障碍。首先要听准开头;特别是开头句型,之后找出对话目的;如果开头没有把握准,那么要注意全文重复词汇;后要听准关键词并对实义词(名词、动词、形容词)足够敏感。那么,如何听准开头呢?在conversation和lecture的开头中,有的文章会出现寒暄部分。

比如,在conversation中两个说话者的在开头部分都会出现互相问好的寒暄语:

e.g.1 A : Hey, how is everything going?

B: Well, everything is going fine.

e.g.2 A: Hi, are you Paula?

B: Oh, hi, Jim. Nice to see you!

在这些寒暄之后说话人A说Do you need some tutoring in English? 说话人B说:yes, I am taking English composition and my English is not very good. 这才是文章的真正内容,也就是文章的主旨!所以选项的相应部分选择的是:She needs a tutoring appointment!

在lecture中,有时教授上来不会直接切入正题,而是先会寒暄几句。

例1: 有个教授上来先说I am sorry that I didn’t bring your paper, and it took longer to grade than I thought. So I will bring you the paper next class. Today, I want to continue our topic about Renaissance. 所以 “I am sorry that I didn’t bring your paper, and it took longer to grade than I thought. So I will bring you the paper next class.” 这句话都是在说与文章主旨无关紧要的话。而真正与文章主旨有关的是以today开头的这句话!所以,显而易见,这篇文章的主要内容就是Renaissance(文艺复兴)。

例2: In the last class, we discussed the Jazz music history. But today, I am going to talk about the development of the jazz music. 那么很显然,In the last class, we discussed the Jazz music history.这是上节课讲的内容。在强转折but之后,老师紧接着说I am going to talk about the development of the jazz music. 那么,文章的主旨也就很明确了。

在了解了如何在文章的开头抓主旨以后,我们再来看一下引导文章主旨的信号标志词,以便我们更好地定位选项。

4、主旨题的信号标志词

Lecture引导主旨题信号标志词总结

1) 总结口语词后的动词词组:

? today we will talk about...

? today we will discuss...

? today we will look at...

? today we will tell...

2) 旧托福:

? today we will spend several minutes in...

? today we will focus on...

? today we will concentrate on...

3) 动词时态

? 've, -ed

? will, be going to

4) 介词 :

? about

注意点:在第三条中,动词过去式和过去分词后面引导的都是上节课涉及到的内容,所以即使大家听到了discuss这个词也可以放弃这部分内容。而只要听好并把握准today后面要讲的内容即可,也就是be going to/will 后面引导的内容!那么,about就是一个经常引导主要内容的一个介词。这个词很关键,要求听准其后面的宾语是什么!因为这个宾语就是解题的关键。

Conversation 引导主旨题信号标志词总结

1. wonder (e.g. I was wondering,…)

2. think (e.g. I am thinking, I was thinking,….)

3. hope (I was hoping,…)

4. need (Do you need, I need….)

5. figure out, work out, sort out,

conversation的主要内容,一般情况下都是以上的这些词引导的。常用句型已在后面括号中标注出来。

听力技巧

篇5:托福阅读做题时间紧怎么办

托福阅读做题时间紧怎么办?把握好这几点快速提升阅读速度

1.养成良好的英文阅读习惯

如果你每天能有那么十几二十分钟想用来读书,你离成功也就不远了。关于考试中的阅读习惯,有一点需要强调:抓重点。大家都知道精读和泛读。平常把这两种阅读习惯结合好,考试中就把精读留给核心信息部分,把泛读留给非核心或是次要细节部分。关于如何判断核心与非核心,我们上课会详细告诉大家怎样去分析长难句,怎样去把握段落结构以及怎样去理解文章中心思想。

2.循循渐进,达到标准

在平时托福阅读练习中就要控制好完成时间,给自己先定个目标,半个小时内做完,达到这个目标后,在逐渐缩短在20分钟内,约束自己按规定时间完成。

3.通过阅读模考练习把握做题时间

模考可以让你最大程度地适应考场环境和考试氛围,把一些影响做题时间的非技术性因素最大程度地削弱。比如紧张,注意力不集中,考试软件操作不熟练等等。同时模考能让你比较真实地看到自己的做题时间,老师也可以及时地根据考生的模考分数给出相应的评价和建议。

4.一些托福阅读技巧也有助益

要想取得高分,技巧是能力最大的辅助。这一个高效的解题方法,同样能够大大提升解题的速度。首先,我们会教你怎么读文章。学会正确的阅读顺序,学会抓大放小,学会边读边悟。其次,我们会教你怎么读题干和选项。学会擦亮双眼,抓关键词,排干扰项。最后,我们还会教你怎么辩题型定方法。学会按步骤做题,学会准确定位,学会逻辑思维。如果以后有机会,我们也可以为大家分享一些好用的解题步骤和方法。

5.做阅读着眼于全局

不管什么考试,一定要学会顾全大局,特别不擅长特别耽误你时间的题要敢于放弃,这样反而可以帮你获得更多的分数。当然,考试时的放弃只是暂时的,考完后更要有针对性地对那些难题进行强化训练,必要的时候需找到老师进行答疑。

托福阅读做题时间不够用是因为大家的做题速度不够快,建议大家在平时做托福阅读练习的时候注意提升自己的做题速度,不仅要养成良好的阅读习惯,还要多做模考把握时间,考前要掌握做题技巧帮助自己提升速度。如果在考试中时间不够用,建议大家从全局着眼,以多得分为目的有侧重地做题。

托福阅读中需要留心的三大项

因为我们所受的教学方法的影响,托福阅读考试相对而言是我们的强项。既然是强项就更不能失去优势了。下面,专家给广大托福考生提个醒,关于托福阅读技巧需要我们留心的三件事,期望我们充分发挥优势。

第一,托福阅读:词汇量是要害。

各位如果觉得托福阅读考试很难的话,请你必定要肯拿出时间来背单词。磨刀不误砍柴工,这句话一点都不假。即使你用一周时间,能把80%的单词都记住,那也是很值得的。

第二,托福阅读的做题次序。

现在还有人问,先看疑问再读文章,又说自己不习惯等等。其实,这个喜好在你自己。假设你觉得“先看疑问再读文章,并且找到答案就间断,再读下一个疑问”这样很习惯,那就坚持下去。如果你觉得全部文章读完再做心里踏实,那就读完好了。

第一题,一般都是主旨题。先不管。从第二题开始,看疑问,然后看是读第一段。不管有没有找到答案,把这一段读完再停。这样,如果词基本知道,语句结构比较清楚的话,答案差不多就出来了。接下来仍是这样,即使那一段很长,我也是读完一整段再做题。

可是这里要着重一下。如果你的托福阅读程度不是特别高的话,当你读完一段,有些疑问的答案你可能已经知道了,可是仍需要定位到原文,再看一遍。看看问题问的是不是的确是你得出的答案等等。总归一句话,托福阅读的答案都是从文章里来的,假设和文章对立了或者文章没有这些说法,那就必定不是准确答案!

第三,托福阅读解题技巧。

遇到不确定的问题,先从原文找到定位,然后把确定不对的选项排除。就算是瞎蒙,50%也比25%好。这个也是做主旨题的一贯准则。等你把文章通篇都读完了,再回过头看这个选项的时候,不准确的说法就可以排除了(如果你是最后做主旨题的话,一定不要忘了,还有一道题!)

推荐托福阅读中使用限时练习,把做过的阅读里出现的单词题的准确选项都摘录下来,尽管重复的几率不大,可是有些词是常常出现的。

上面的三件事就是我们在备考托福阅读考试的过程中最需要留心的。只要把优势发挥出来,趋利避害,就能达到最佳的效果,预祝大家获得好成绩。

托福阅读中的五大类后置定语

后置定语,顾名思义分为后置和定语两个部分。后置也就是此种短语出现的位置是在名词之后,定语就是起到起到修饰限定作用的短语,注意是短语而不是句子,本质上相当于形容词。所以后置定语就是放在名词的后面起到限定修饰作用的短语。

下面我跟大家总结一下托福阅读中后置定语的分类总结:

托福阅读后置定语第一类:形容词做后置定语。如:fossil available.即为可用的化石。

托福阅读后置定语第二类:介词短语做后置定语。如lava on the surface,中 on the surface介词短语修饰lava,表示为表面上的熔岩。

托福阅读后置定语第三类:现在分词短语做后置定语。如the blood vessels carrying cooled blood.中的carrying cooled blood就是现在分词短语用来修饰限定the blood vessels,理解为运载着凉的血液的血管。

托福阅读后置定语第四类:过去分词短语做后置定语,the gradual drying of the soil caused by its diminished ability中的caused by its diminished ability就是过去分词短语做后置定语修饰the gradual drying of the soil,理解为减少的能力导致的土壤的干燥。

托福阅读后置定语第五类:不定式短语做后置定语。the ability to absorb water中to absorb water限定修饰 the ability,理解为吸收水的能力。

托福阅读的定位词简析

即使考出了高分成绩,进入国外知名大学的校门,中国的学生依然面临着巨大的挑战。在国外的大学,中国学生的刻苦程度是难以想象的,但是当面临堆积如山的“Reading List”的时候,发现无论大家怎么刻苦,还是无法浏览教授要求的所有书目,更何况还要写出好的阅读笔记。

然而另中国学生惊讶的是,西方的学生平时并不怎么努力,一天有很多娱乐的时间,却可以在一天甚至几个小时,就能完成一本书的论文撰写,而且写的还相当漂亮。这都是由中西方文化的教育方式的不同造成的后果。中国始终强调阅读要细嚼慢咽,细细阅读;而西方从小培养浏览式的泛读,所以大家现在就要培养抓关键词,抓重点的阅读能力,无论为考试还是为国外生存,重中之重就是定位词的把握。

首先介绍一下,什么是定位词?

其实很简单,打个比方,你和朋友约好了去酒吧,朋友和你说酒吧在沈阳新东方正对面,这个酒吧你是不知道地点的,也就是你的目的地;而新东方却很熟知,那么你只需找到新东方便可以找到酒吧了。在这里新东方是已知的,就是用来定位的词汇,而酒吧则是你的目的所在,也便是你要找的答案。

定位词的称呼有很多,如关键词,主旨词,功能词,中心词等等。这些只是个名称罢了,含义都是一致的:一个可以根据题干回原文定位,并能够找到出处的词,这个题干中的词就是定位词 or key word。

定位词有什么样的特征?

定位词总体特征:不可变性和细节性

不可变性:定位词是用来定位的,所以必须找那些回原文依然不变的词汇,才有意义。通常不用动词和副词来定位。通常是名词或充当定语的形容词。

细节性:不要找大概念的词汇,更不要拿代表全文主旨的词汇来定位。换句话说不要找那些原文一大堆的词汇,无法定位。

如, 95年英国剑桥委员会British Council给出的唯一样题文章的题目是:The Spectacular Eruption ofMount St.Helens

下面有一道选择题是“ According to the text the eruption of Mount St.Helens and othervolcanoes has influenced our climate by…”

拿这道题为例,如果大家把Mount St.Helens 作为关键词回原文进行定位,那你会郁闷致死,全文主要讲的就是圣海伦斯火山的喷发,原文有N多个Mount St.Helens,所以即使这个词属于大写的专有名词,但他违背了细节性,是概括性的词汇,也不能作为定位词来寻找答案。

究竟哪些词在阅读当中充当定位词?

以下是定位词的分类:

1.特殊词汇

在阅读中有一些词张的比较特殊,这种词很容易被记住,也很容易回原文定位。

好比,在大街上上看到一个人光着身子跑步-------特殊难看

一个人的个子超高,像姚明一样------特殊长

一个人身上穿着10多种颜色的衣服,而且不停的摇头-----特殊怪

特殊怪,特殊长,特殊难

这三种词就是特殊词的所有特征,在文中看到这样的词,一定要警惕。如,

Sequoia 美洲杉 ---特殊怪,很好定位,也经常作为考点。

sodium 【化学】钠---特殊难,大家只要知道是一种化学元素足矣。

Simultaneous 同时的---特殊长,这种词本身的特点决定应作为定位词。

2.数字:通常指时间,金钱和百分比。

有一个道题目是这样问的:

“What are the dates of the TWO major eruptions before 1980?”

那么像1980 3185$ 69%这些词因为长相原因,段落全是英文,突然跑出来几个数字,十分显眼,也就很好回原文找到他们。

3.专有名词:斜体字,大写人名,地名,大写的专有名词,这一点大家都很熟悉,不用多说。

4.特殊符号:

在特殊符号里或者旁边的词,最好通过符号回原文进行定位,如“paper conversation”,(three cubicmiles) 这些词本身并没有什么特别,但放在符号里面,就可以根据符号回原文进行寻找。

总之,在国外考试的阅读中,无论是阅读文章,还是回答后面的10几道题目,定位词的寻找,都是一种有效的应试策略,更是学术文章的阅读的重要方法。

篇6:托福阅读做题时间老是不够用

托福阅读做题时间老是不够用

第一步:提速从开头段开始

花两三分钟时间扫描每篇文章头一两个句子,定位文章难易程度。虽然平均每篇文章做题时间为11分钟,但是有的文章七八分钟便可以轻松对付,有的文章则需要15分钟左右。

一般来说,4篇文章中有2篇难度大一些,比方说:如果最后一篇文章难度较大,且12-14道题,在这种情况下,按部就班做题就有可能因时间不够而做错好几道题,带来巨大的损失。因此首先定位文章难程度,同时目测文章的含金量(即题量分布),有助于科学分配阅读部分的做题时间。

第二步:把握文章类型结构

所谓结构,即文章的骨架子。托福阅读文章是纯学术体(Academic),是学生在大学里天天都能接触到的教科书风格的文章,这些文章涉及人文社科和自然科学,均议论文、说明文,最显著的特点是呈板块结构。因此考生要做的就是通过大量阅读同类文章学会把握这种学术体类型的文章结构,从而提升对此类文章的熟练度,确保在考试中能够第一时间摸准文章结构找到自己需要重点查看的内容。

第三步:重点看各段落首句

托福阅读文章均由数个自然段组成,正确的阅读文章的方法应该是把文章首句先吃透,文章首句经常为文章主题。然后把首段的其他句子尽快略读,文章其他段落采取同样的方法阅读。各段落其他句子一般来说都是用来说明各个段落的主题句,没有必要每个句子都精读,这种做法不仅理解难度大,而且不涉及考题,在这些细节部分过多停留无疑是白白浪费时间。大家只需要读完每段第一句知道本段大意,之后的解题有需要的再返回定位找找细节就可以了。

托福阅读:抓住难句的主干

1.定语(包含后置定语与定语从句)

2.同位语

3.并列结构

4.that引导的各种从句

5.插入结构

6.独立主格

7.倒装句

8.强调句

9.虚拟语气

对于不同类型的难句,把握主干的方法也不一样。以倒装句为例,主要有下列情况:

1.方位副词放在句首 采集者退散

Herein lay the beginning of what ultimately turned from ignorance to denial of the value of nutritional therapies in medicine。

2.介词放在句首

Among the species of seabirds that use the windswept cliffs of the Atlantic coast of Canada in the summer to mate, lay eggs, and rear their young are common murres, Atlantic puffins, black-legged kittiwakes, and northern gannets。

3. 形容词放在句首

Implicit in it is an aesthetic principle as well: that the medium has certain qualities of beauty and expressiveness with which sculptors must bring own aesthetic sensibilities into harmony。

4.过去分词放在句首

Accustomed though we are to speaking of the films made before 1927 as “silent”, the film has never been, in the full sense of the word, silent。

5.现在分词放在句首

Missing until recently were fossils clearly intermediate, or transitional, between land mammals and cetaceans。

句子倒装的目的主要有两个:

一是被提前的部分被强调,如上述的第四句:Accustomed though we are to speaking of the films made before 1927 as “silent”,其中的accustomed按照正常语序应该放在are之后:Though we are accustomed to speaking of the films made before 1927 as “silent”。之所以将accustomed提前,是为了强调它。二是为了句子的平衡,否则将导致头重脚轻的效果,如上述的第一句、第三句和第五句。以第五句为例,按照正常语序应该是:Fossils clearly intermediate, or transitional, between land mammals and cetaceans were missing until recently。但是这种句子结构比较糟糕,因为主语及其修饰语过长(从句首直到cetaceans),而谓语部分were missing until recently较短,容易造成头重脚轻的效果。第五句将missing提前,避免了这一现象。

托福阅读长难句:钢梁建筑的墙体结构

For example, in traditional architecture, stone or brick walls served a structural role, but in a steel-beam building the walls were essentially hung from the internal skeleton of steel beams, which meant that walls and corners no longer needed to be solid but could be opened up in unexpected ways. (TPO37, 50)

beam /bi?m/ n. 梁

skeleton /'sk?l?tn/ n. 骨骼,骨架

分析:

这个句子的主干:

stone or brick walls served a structural role, but the walls were essentially hung from the internal skeleton of steel beams

修饰一:(For example) ,介词短语

中文:例如

修饰二:(in traditional architecture) ,介词短语

中文:在传统建筑设计中

修饰三:(in a steel-beam building) ,介词短语

中文:在钢梁的建筑中

修饰四:(which meant) ,从句

中文:意味着

修饰五:(that walls and corners no longer needed to be solid but could be opened up in unexpected ways.) ,从句

中文:墙和角落不再需要是实心的而是以一种意外的方式能够打开

参考翻译:

例如,在传统的建筑设计中,石头墙或砖墙起到了结构性作用,但在钢梁的建筑中,墙本质上是悬挂在钢梁的内在骨架上,这意味着墙和角落不再需要是实心的而是以一种意外的方式能够打开。

篇7:节省托福阅读时间的四种方法

节省托福阅读时间的四种方法

方法一:快速泛读(fastextensivereading)

这里讲的泛读是指广泛阅读大量涉及不同领域的文章,要求读得快,理解和掌握文中的主要内容就可以。要确定一个明确的阅读定额,定额要结合自己的实际,可多可少,例如每天读20页。

方法二:计时阅读(timedreading)

计时阅读每次进行5~10分钟即可,不宜太长。因为计时快速阅读,精力高度集中,时间一长,容易疲劳,精力分散反而乏味。

点击下载,如何备考托福阅读技巧

方法三:寻读(Scanning)

寻读又称查读,同略读一样,寻读也是一种快速阅读技巧。

寻读是一种从大量的资料中迅速查找某一项具体事实或某一项特定信息,如人物、事件、时间、地点、数字等,而对其它无关部分略去不读的快速阅读方法。

方法四:略读(skimming)

略读又称跳读(readingandskipping)或浏览(glancing),是一种专门的、非常实用的快速阅读技能。

托福阅读略读有下列几个特点:

A.以极快的速度阅读文章,寻找字面上或事实上的主要信息和少量的阐述信息。

B.可以跳过某个部分或某些部分不读。

C.理解水平可以稍低一些,但也不能太低。

托福阅读真题原题+题目

Television has transformed politics in the United States by changing the way in which information is disseminated, by altering political campaigns, and by changing citizen's patterns of response to politics. By giving citizens independent access to the candidates, television diminished the role of the political party in the selection of the major party candidates. By centering politics on the person of the candidate, television accelerated the citizen's focus on character rather than issues.

Television has altered the forms of political communication as well. The messages on which most of us rely are briefer than they once were. The stump speech, a political speech given by traveling politicians and lasting 11/2 to 2 hours, which characterized nineteenth-century political discourse, has given way to the 30-second advertisement and the 10 second sound bite in broadcast news. Increasingly the audience for speeches is not that standing in front of the politician but rather the viewing audience who will hear and see a snippet of the speech on the news.

In these abbreviated forms, much of what constituted the traditional political discourse of earlier ages has been lost. In 15 or 30 seconds, a speaker cannot establish the historical context that shaped the issue in question, cannot detail the probable causes of the problem, and cannot examine alternative proposals to argue that one is preferable to others. In snippets, politicians assert but do not argue.

Because television is an intimate medium, speaking through it require a changed political style that was more conversational, personal, and visual than that of the old-style stump speech. Reliance on television means that increasingly our political world contains memorable pictures rather than memorable words. Schools teach us to analyze words and print. However, in a word in which politics is increasingly visual, informed citizenship requires a new set of skills.

Recognizing the power of television's pictures, politicians craft televisual, staged events, called pseudo-event, designed to attract media coverage. Much of the political activity we see on television news has been crafted by politicians, their speechwriters, and their public relations advisers for televised consumption. Sound bites in news and answers to questions in debates increasingly sound like advertisements.

1. What is the main point of the passage ?

(A) Citizens in the United States are now more informed about political issues because of

television coverage.

(B) Citizens in the United States prefer to see politicians on television instead of in person.

(C) Politics in the United States has become substantially more controversial since the

introduction of television.

(D) Politics in the United States has been significantly changed by television.

2. The word disseminated in line 2 is closest in meaning to

(A) analyzed

(B) discussed

(C) spread

(D) stored

3. It can be inferred that before the introduction of television, political parties

(A) had more influence over the selection of political candidates

(B) spent more money to promote their political candidates

(C) attracted more members

(D) received more money

4. The word accelerated in line 5 is closest in meaning to

(A) allowed

(B) increased

(C) required

(D) started

5. The author mentions the stump speech in line 7 as an example of

(A) an event created by politicians to attract media attention

(B) an interactive discussion between two politicians

(C) a kind of political presentation typical of the nineteenth century

(D) a style of speech common to televised political events

6. The phrase given way to in line 10 is closest in meaning to

(A) added interest to

(B) modified

(C) imitated

(D) been replaced by

7. The word that in line 12 refers to

(A) audience

(B) broadcast news

(C) politician

(D) advertisement

8. According to the passage , as compared with televised speeches, traditional political discourse

was more successful at

(A) allowing news coverage of political candidates

(B) placing political issues within a historical context

(C) making politics seem more intimate to citizens

(D) providing detailed information about a candidates private behavior

9. The author states that politicians assert but do not argue (line 18) in order to suggest that

politicians

(A) make claims without providing reasons for the claims

(B) take stronger positions on issues than in the past

(C) enjoy explaining the issue to broadcasters

(D) dislike having to explain their own positions on issues to citizens

10. The word Reliance in line 21 is closest in meaning to

(A) abundance

(B) clarification

(C) dependence

(D) information

11. The purpose of paragraph 4 is to suggest that

(A) politicians will need to learn to become more personal when meeting citizens

(B) politicians who are considered very attractive are favored by citizens over politicians who are

less attractive

(C) citizens tend to favor a politician who analyzed the issue over one who does not

(D) citizens will need to learn how to evaluate visual political images in order to become better

informed

12. According to paragraph 5, staged political events are created so that politicians can

(A) create more time to discuss political issues

(B) obtain more television coverage for themselves

(C) spend more time talking to citizens in person

(D) engages in debates with their opponents

13. Which of the following statements is supported by the passage ?

(A) Political presentations today are more like advertisements than in the past.

(B) Politicians today tend to be more familiar with the views of citizens than in the past.

(C) Citizens today are less informed about a politician's character than in the past.

(D) Political speeches today focus more on details about issues than in the past.

托福阅读真题原题+题目

Any rock that has cooled and solidified from a molten state is an igneous rock. Therefore, if the Earth began as a superheated sphere in space, all the rocks making up its crust may well have been igneous and thus the ancestors of all other rocks. Even today, approximately 95 percent of the entire crust is igneous. Periodically, molten material wells out of the Earth's interior to invade the surface layers or to flow onto the surface itself. This material cools into a wide variety of igneous rocks. In the molten state, it is called magma as it pushes into the crust and lava when it runs out onto the surface.

All magma consists basically of a variety of silicate minerals (high in silicon-oxygen compounds), but the chemical composition of any given flow may differ radically from that of any other. The resulting igneous rocks will reflect these differences. Igneous rocks also vary in texture as well as chemistry. Granite, for instance, is a coarse-grained igneous rock whose individual mineral crystals have formed to a size easily seen by the naked eye. A slow rate of cooling has allowed the crystals to reach this size. Normally, slow cooling occurs when the crust is invaded by magma that remains buried well below the surface. Granite may be found on the surface of the contemporary landscape, but from its coarse texture we know that it must have formed through slow cooling at a great depth and later been laid bare by erosion. Igneous rocks with this coarse-grained texture that formed at depth are called plutonic.

On the other hand, if the same magma flows onto the surface and is quickly cooled by the atmosphere, the resulting rock will be fine-grained and appear quite different from granite, although the chemical composition will be identical. This kind of rock is called rhyolite. The most finely grained igneous rock is volcanic glass or obsidian, which has no crystals. Some researchers believe this is because of rapid cooling; others believe it is because of a lack of water vapor and other gases in the lava. The black obsidian cliffs of Yellowstone National Park are the result of a lava flow of basalt running head on into a glacier. Some of the glacier melted on contact, but suddenly there also appeared a huge black mass of glassy stone.

1. In the first paragraph, the author mentions that 95% of the Earth's crust is composed of

igneous rock to support the idea that

(A) the Earth began as a molten mass

(B) a thin layer of magma flows beneath the Earth's crust

(C) the minerals found in igneous rock are very common

(D) igneous rock is continually being formed

2. The word invade in line 5 is closest in meaning to

(A) move into

(B) neutralize

(C) cover

(D) deposit

3. The word contemporary in line 15 is closest in meaning to

(A) vast

(B) natural

(C) existing

(D) uneven

4. The word it in line 16 refers to

(A) granite

(B) surface

(C) landscape

(D) texture

5. Granite that has been found above ground has been

(A) pushed up from below the crust by magma

(B) produced during a volcanic explosion

(C) gradually exposed due to erosion

(D) pushed up by the natural shifting of the Earth

6. Which of the following is produced when magma cools rapidly?

(A) granite

(B) plutonic rock

(C) rhyolite

(D) mineral crystals

7. The word finely in line 22 is closest in meaning to

(A) minutely

(B) loosely

(C) sensitively

(D) purely

8. Which of the following is another name for volcanic glass?

(A) Plutonic rock

(B) Crystal

(C) Lava

(D) Obsidian

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