雅思阅读选择题如何排除错误选项
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篇1：雅思阅读选择题如何排除错误选项
雅思阅读选择题如何排除错误选项
我们把错误选项分为四类：
1、 选项中的关键词在原文中未提及或者判断不出选项信息是否和原文信息一致的情况下，该选项是错误的。换句话说，如果把每个选项当成判断题来做，那么判断出答案是NOT GIVEN，这样的选项便是错误选项，需要排除。
2、 选项信息和原文信息相抵触的情况下，该选项是错误选项，需要排除。
3、 当选项信息和原文信息一致，但选项信息却无法回答题干问题的情况下，即使是和原文一致的信息也是错误的，需要排除。
4、 最后一种情况也是最容易被错选的：当选项中的关键词信息非常明显地在定位词出现的位置附近出现了，这样的选项只能是部分信息和原文一致，而我们要选出的正确选项一定是全部信息都得和原文一致的并且能够回答题干问题的信息才是正确的信息。所以这种部分信息一致，但整体却不一定一致的选项也是错误的，需要排除。
最后，希望大家在读了这篇文章之后，试着用上文中所提到的一些做题技巧，在之后做选择题的时候，思路能够更清晰，做题能够更快速、更准确。
雅思阅读信号词怎么找
一、顺接和递进
例词：also, furthermore, moreover, what is more, in addition…
考点：And Western scientists are starting to draw on this wisdom… (C6, P28, Q31找标题)
解析：And在这句话开头，有一定的递进含义，this wisdom则是指代了前面一句话出现的their wealth of traditional knowledge(因纽特人传统的知识)，所以这两句话有紧密的联系，同学们在读题的时候要通过发现信号词，然后发散地看它的前后句，最后把考点考察的 意思补充完整。
二、对比和转折
例词：however, but, although, nevertheless, on the other hand, by comparison, while
考点：But such projects must be built to higher specifications and with more accountability to local people and their environment than in the past. (C7 P24 Q20)
解题：此题是段落大意配对题，在确定H段段落大意时，段落中间but之后出现的那句话就是解题的关键，根据句子中出现的两个比较级，可以确定答案应该为X The need to raise standards.
考点：While suggestopedia has gained some notoriety through success in the teaching of modern languages, few teachers are able to emulate the spectacular results of Lozanove and his associates. (C7 P27 倒数第二段 Q39, 40)
解析：段首句用while引起注意，我们可以根据success, 和后半句中的few teachers, spectacular results, 搞定最后两个填空题。
三、相似
例词：similarly, in other words, that is, put another way, as …
考点: Thus, we concluded that the blind interpret abstract shapes as sighted people do.(C4, P28, Q40)
解析：题目考的是对文章的总结。因此解题时重点看文章中表示结论的句子，thus这个单词给了我们提示，而句子中的as...do表达的是一个相似的逻辑，因此答案可以确定为B。
四、排列次序
例词：firstly, second, another, the second, the most, the best, next, then, now, later, since, eventually, finally…
考点：First, it lacked the necessary technical vocabulary. Second, it lacked the grammatical resources required to represent the world i an objective and impersonal way,... (C5, P49, Q30-31)
解析：题目30-31考的是并列和否定的逻辑关系，原文中的first, second, 对应的就是题目中的neither...nor...这个并列关系，这两题的答案就迎刃而解了。
考点：First mechanism, then mass use of chemical fertiliser and pesticides, then monocultures, then battery rearing of livestock, and now genetic engineering – the onward marching of intensive farming has seemed unstoppable in the last hal- century, as the yields of produce have soared. (C7, P44, Q15)
解析：段首句连用表示次序的信号词，first, then, then… and now, 体现发展的不同阶段。(the stages of development of farming industry C7 P77 选择配对)
副标题#e#
五、强调作用
例词：in fact, in essence, in particular, emphasize…
考点：This, in essence, is the problem of modern sociobiology- to discover the degree to which hard-wired genetic programming dictates… (C5, P21, Q18 信息包含题)
解析：信息包含题考察细节是在哪个段落出现，在做此类题目时，要注意信号词与考点的密切相关性，从而迅速找准答案。这里出现了in essence(实质上)，起了一定的强调作用，迅速扫读后，发现同时出现了题目关键词sociobiology, 破折号后面的介词to表目的，与题目中的the general aim of一致对应。
六、最高级、比较级
例词：–est, most, best, more, better, superior, inferior, preferable, exclusively, extremely...
考点：Making a rapid emotional assessment of the events of the moment is an extremely demanding job for the brain, animal or human. (C5, P44, Q24)
解析：题目中出现了最高级the most difficult tasks, 因此在原文中也应该相应的出现最高级。除了明显的the most, -est, 还有些单词本身也含有最高级的含义，比如extremely, exclusively, superficially, 文中的这个extremely demanding对应的就是题目中的最高级，所以答案也确定。
七、因果关系
例词：as, because, since, lead to, as a result, result in, consequently, therefore, thus, the caused of…
考点:Until recently, not much was known about the topic, and little help was available to teachers to deal with bullying. Perhaps as a consequence, schools would often deny the problem.(C6, P94, Q33)
解题：题目问的是学校否认问题反应了什么，就是这个现象的根本原因。因此原文中consequence就给解题提供了信息，根据consequence之前的一句话就可以将答案找到。
八、举例子和说明
例词：for example, for instance, that is to say, i.e., such as, including…
考点：Other substances were then introduced: including fillers, such as woodflour, asbestos or cotton… (C5, P39, Q5 流程图)
解析：我们看到such as后面是举例子，such as后面的例子可以作为定位词，woodflour, asbestos, cotton就是fillers的其中一种。Fillers在这里就是一个概括性的词语，常常是考点。
雅思阅读选择题这么做才能拿高分
选择题有两种类型：单选题和多选题。
多数情况下，选择题都是考察文中的细节信息，但也有少数单选题会考察文章的主旨信息。比如，当一篇文章原本就没有标题的时候，那么这篇文章出的最后一个题目一定是让我们选择文章标题的单选题;再比如有时候题目会问到写这篇文章的目的，或者写某个段落的目的。像这种提问意图的选择题，以及选择文章或段落标题的选择题就是考察主旨的选择题，对于考察主旨的选择题来说，我们在选择答案的时候一定要选择一个最概括的选项来作为答案，那些文章没提到过的或者过于片面的选项都是要排除的选项。
接下来，我们就来分析一下考察细节信息选择题。多选题都是考察细节的选择题。对于多选题来说，题干中的信息一定包含题目的定位信息，所以必须找出题干中的定位词，然后回到原文中扫读包含定位词的语句。而对于多选题的正确选项来说，都是出自定位词所在的段落或者相邻的一两个段落里，不可能相差太远，除非题干中的定位词很明显地出现在比较远的段落里。
其次，对于考察细节的单选题来说，题干信息同样重要，但往往很多同学在做单选题的时候容易忽略掉题干的信息，而是去根据选项的信息去找答案了。这种做法无疑使得在做单选题的时候思路不清，不知道自己该找什么了，这种时候有的同学就下意识地去选择文中提及过的选项，而忽略的什么样的选项才是能够回答问题的选项。所以，在做任何选择题的时候，第一步永远是看明白题干到底问什么。第二步，便是从题干中找出定位词，回到原文中扫读包含定位词的语句，但有时候题干的定位词在原文中不明显或者被同义替换，这些时候我们就需要适当的借助选项中比较容易被找到的特殊词或者重复出现的关键词来辅助定位，需要注意的是根据选项信息定到的位置是选项的对应的原文位置，不一定是正确的选项，所以要找到题目答案，还是要在根据选项定到的位置附近找到题干的位置，通常情况下这才是离正确答案最近的位置。这就是为什么有时候做选择题需要读的可能是文章中定位词出现的位置附近的几句话，而非仅仅定位词所在的句子了。
在做选择的过程中，无非就是两种方法：直选法和排除法。不管用哪种方法，只要能快速准确的做出题目就好，当直选难以选出正确答案的时候，我们就去用排除法排除错误答案，这样剩下的便是正确的选项了。那么，什么样的选项会是错误选项呢?
我们把错误选项分为四类：
1、 选项中的关键词在原文中未提及或者判断不出选项信息是否和原文信息一致的情况下，该选项是错误的。换句话说，如果把每个选项当成判断题来做，那么判断出答案是NOT GIVEN，这样的选项便是错误选项，需要排除。
2、 选项信息和原文信息相抵触的情况下，该选项是错误选项，需要排除。
3、 当选项信息和原文信息一致，但选项信息却无法回答题干问题的情况下，即使是和原文一致的信息也是错误的，需要排除。
4、 最后一种情况也是最容易被错选的：当选项中的关键词信息非常明显地在定位词出现的位置附近出现了，这样的选项只能是部分信息和原文一致，而我们要选出的正确选项一定是全部信息都得和原文一致的并且能够回答题干问题的信息才是正确的信息。所以这种部分信息一致，但整体却不一定一致的选项也是错误的，需要排除。
最后，希望大家在读了这篇文章之后，试着用上文中所提到的一些做题技巧，在之后做选择题的时候，思路能够更清晰，做题能够更快速、更准确。
雅思阅读四选一题型干扰项如何排除
雅思阅读四选一题型是一类正确率较低的题型，这种题型十分耗时，并且考查的形式也多种多样。很多学生反映做完这类题目后的整体感觉是：自己无法说出哪些题目是肯定正确的，甚至每一个题目都模棱两可，选的时候十分犹豫，这样就导致了正确率偏低的问题。
在雅思阅读四选一题型中有的干扰项在原文中并不存在，或者说根据原文无法判断这个选项是否正确，这种就是原文未提及的干扰项。此类干扰项难度也不大，但是却是考查四选一时最常出现的、数量最多的干扰项。
这种题的考查形式类似于T/F/NG判断题中，NOT GIVEN的考查点。也就是说，选项提到的所谓的“事实”、“实验结果”、“某人的观点”等内容是原文没有涉及的或是我们无法根据原文提及的点来清楚判断的。这种选项当然不是正确答案，像我们上文提到的第一个例子中的D选项和第二个例子中的A/D选项，都是典型的未提及的干扰项。
这种选项虽然干扰性很弱，容易被大家排除，但是，也是耗费我们做题时间的地方。我们需要逐个对比原文，判断每个选项是否是我们需要的、符合题干的选项，这里面就夹杂了未提及干扰项。若是某个选项涉及的内容没有被我们找到，而我们误判这个选项为未提及干扰项，也会导致错误。
因此提醒考生们在将选项与原文对比的过程必须要谨慎，如果由于忽略了原文的线索，将正确答案误判为未提及干扰项，那么未提及干扰项反而成了最难的考点。
总之，我们在做题时，要逐一将选择题的选项与原文进行对照，排除掉与原文相矛盾的选项和原文未提及的选项，找出正确的答案，这样才能够提升四选一题型的正确率。按照通常的考题干扰项比率，在四个选项中，除去正确答案，剩余的三个选项是错误干扰项和未提及干扰项的比率为1:2，因此，大家在做题时，在找到正确答案之前，任何一个选项都不能忽略，必须有明确的依据和肯定的判断才可以得到较高的正确率。
雅思阅读matching题解题步骤
雅思阅读Matching题的题型要求：Matching是雅思也读最常考的题型之一，每次考试至少有一组，很多时候达到两组甚至更多。
搭配题通常有三部分组成：题目要求、选相的集合、题目的集合。要求你根据某种关系将题目与选项配对。这种关系在题目要求中说明。
在解答雅思阅读matching题的时候，考生需要注意以下几个方面：
1. 大多数情况下，每个题目只能选一个选项。
绝大多数的搭配题，每个题目只能选一个选项。笔者只遇到过一次，每个题目可以选多个选项。这时，题目要求中有如下的字样：Note, for some questions you will need to write more than one letter.(注意，对一些问题你需要选多个选项)。如果题目没有类似上述要求，应该是每个题目只能选一个选项。
2. 有些选项可能会用两次以上。
绝大多数的搭配题，有些选项可能用两次以上。如前面举的中文阅读的例子，第1题和第4题的答案都是选项C：天津。在搭配题中，这是普遍存在的现象。
3. 有的选项可能用不上。
并不是所有的选项都会用上。如前面举的中文阅读的例子，虽然文章中也说了重庆的一些特点，但没有出搭配题，所以选项D没有被用上。在搭配题中，这也是普遍存在的现象。不要因为这个怀疑自己的答案。
4. 第一题的答案往往在文章的后部，最后一题的答案往往在文章的前部。
从属关系的搭配题是没有顺序性的。而且，出题者为了颠倒黑白，混淆是非，给考生造成障碍，往往将一个在文章的后部信息作为搭配题的第一题，在文章的前部的一个内容作为最后一题。这个规律的准确率在80%以上。
我们可以利用这个规律，在找第一题的答案时，重点看文章的后部。在找最后一题的答案时，重点看文章的前部。
5. 注意题目的答案要求
要注意题目要求你在答题纸上写什么。如题目要求为：
Write the letters for the appropriate company in boxes 9-14 on your answer sheet.
SC if it is Scaled Composites
R if it is Renault
GM if it is General Motors
F if it is Fiat
B if it is Boeing
那么，你在答题纸上写的答案只能是SC、R、GM、F、B中的一个。如果写成Scaled Conposites就错了。
篇2：gre考试阅读错误选项怎么排除
gre考试阅读错误选项怎么排除
gre阅读错误选项类型介绍
gre考试 long reading中有几种类型的错误干扰选项：
一。部分项目
这种选择比较隐蔽，其表现形式往往是内容本身是正确的，而不是文章的主线。考生很容易混淆正确的选择，选择它。与未提及的项目不同，这类选项在文章中有所涉及，因此更具欺骗性。考生需要先把自己提出的问题弄清楚，才能避免被部分项目分散注意力。
2。反义词
有的gre阅读考试题目比较长，加上一些否定和双重否定，考生容易理解错误，而一些专门设置的反义词，往往是等考生迷茫后才投网的。这些选项的特点是与其他选项的含义相反。乍一看很明显，但不是正确的答案。编辑建议大家仔细阅读问题，弄清反义词和否定词的关系，然后解决问题。
三。放错地方的物品
也有一些错误的选择，主题和装饰，或是不相关的内容放在一起，看似有点关系，但其实都是错位的选择，很容易影响考生的判断。这种选择也有很强的干扰。也许有些选择已经选择了文章的内容，但之后得出的结论与文章无关。gre考试介绍,gre考试培训它也是一个干扰项，测试每个人记住文章细节的能力。最好的办法是在阅读过程中多做标记和定位，解决问题时适当参考，可以避免错位和混乱。
四。极端项目
实际上，极值项是一个明显的误差干扰选项。一些代表主观判断的顶级词汇，如best/most/least、unique词汇，如only、alone或comparative词汇，如better、word等，经常被使用。这些选择显示了一种极端和不可否认的态度。这似乎是合理的，但不是。由于这些选项的明显迹象，当您熟悉这些程序时很容易发现。考生也会主动注意那些偏激的词语，稍有注意就不会得逞。
5个。未提及
这种错误的选择陷阱也很常见。它故意给出一些似乎非常相关的新信息点，这是非常清楚的。如果考生因为文章篇幅太长而没有阅读全文，他们会认为没有仔细阅读。事实上，这些所谓的信息并没有在文章中提及，这与话题一点关系都没有。这种选择也很容易被人认出来，似乎涉及到细节，但实际上在文章中并没有提到。阅读时，要学会根据文章中提到的内容进行选择。不要想当然。只要你能做到这一点，这种干扰错误的选择将是无用的。
6. 主观项
这种错误选项的制定思路是根据一些常识性的推断，引导考生做出的判断，其本身带有很强的主观性，而并不是客观的事实，如果考生不加注意就很容易被带歪思路。类似上文的未提项，gre考试介绍,gre考试培训这类主观项同样是建立在看似迎合实则错误引导考生思路的做法上的。大家在阅读过程中应学会以文章内容为主，不要想当然地去结合自己的经历经验进行联想。脚踏实地才能做好这类题目。
重视阅读错误选项才能避免受到影响
之所以要特别列出阅读中的错误选项，是因为这种选项对于考生阅读部分的正确率杀伤率极高。比起其它一目了然的数学或者填空题，GRE阅读要解题首先就要读文章，很多考生读完文章，特别是长篇文章后，本身思路已经有些混乱，再被这些干扰选项祸害一下，很容易就会出现连续错误。而许多考生对于GRE阅读存在的畏惧情绪和心理阴影，其实也往往是由错误选项导致的。
GRE阅读分数的影响因素
一、专业向阅读是软肋
有些同学做GRE阅读比较糟糕，原因是如果篇长阅读是社科类的，更准确地说是艺术类的。根据一般的经验，中国考生最害怕的就是社科类的长阅读。这种阅读再加几个生词，绝对能要你命。花了很多时间好好读了，结果还是不知所云，7题全蒙的。考完问了一下别人，情况也都差不多。
二、造成这种状况的原因
造成这种现象的原因，对于我来说，就是对美国文化了解太少。像这次那篇BT长阅读，说的好像是什么impressionist(印象派)和modernist(现实主义)的东东。由于对这方面毫无了解，所以读这篇文章毫无感觉。平心而论，哪怕再给我十分钟我也读不懂，所以我后来也索性放弃跨区了。
我不是要大家去补习美国文化的知识，这工程量太大，尤其对10月考试的同学。网上都说平时要多看什么economist什么的，试问有几个人会真正为了GRE去看?
三、给出的一些建议
我的建议就是，大家可以抽一点时间，利用相关资源(比如wikipedia)，多去了解一下GRE社科类阅读爱考的知识。凭我粗粗做完所有阅读备考资料的印象，GRE社科类阅读非常喜欢考黑人文学Black literature，黑人音乐Black music(尤其是Jazz)，妇女(包括妇女地位的改变，妇女文学)，艺术类包括impressionist、modernist等。另外务必多留意一下上述知识的代表人物!比如Ragtime就是Jazz的代表人物及一种风格。并不是要求大家知道这个人物做了什么，只需要混个眼熟，考试的时候万一碰到一大串人名，能对其中一两个有点眼熟，能大概猜测出来是关于什么的就行!
GRE阅读：提升方法
新旧观点型首先提出过去传统大家都接受的观点，然后出现表示转折或让步的词汇，这些观点是旧观点，最后经过一番论证证伪旧观点，抛出新观点。
现象解释型首先给出一种自然或社会现象，通常很古怪，接着对现象进行解释，解释手段有引用理论、实验验证、举例证明、分层说明以及过程描述等。最后还可能有对解释理论的态度，态度的类型分为支持、反对、无态度(客观公正)以及无明确态度，如果文中解决了问题，可以将之认为作者持正面态度。
结论解释型首先是判断句，然后做出转折。写作方法有：
(a)首句正/负评价，后面的相反评价是结论。
(b)判断句后加情境背景。
(c) 先叙述别人的观点， 最后才是作者的评价(结论)。
问题解决型首先出现设问句，接着给出解决方法。写作方法有：
(a)若有多种解决方案， 注意新老解决方案的区别。
(b)写出解决的原则和手段。
(c)用试验证明解决。
(d)引用原理解决。
掌握了GRE阅读的套路，接下来就是如何提升其阅读速度问题，阅读习惯的培养相当重要，阅读过程中绝对不可以出声朗读，也不可以不出声在脑子里面朗读，因为眼睛拍摄文字把它传向大脑的速度远远大于嘴巴逐字逐句念给大脑的速度，人的大脑可以直接用字形图像来理解含义，而用字音再理解反而会多一道程序。也不能单单对一个词进行死抠，要知道阅读考的是句子和文章。
具体有四个训练项目：一是意群训练，即以几个相邻的词为阅读对象。二是不回视训练，保证第一遍阅读时的高度注意力，避免回视。三是合理化训练，根据文章上下文进行逻辑推理。四是速度与理解力的平衡点训练，首先找出自己的速度与理解力的平衡点，然后在阅读中根据所读内容的难度和重要程度，调整自己的现场阅读速度。
GRE阅读：云和气候
As of the late 1980’s, neither theorists nor large-scale computer climate models could accurately predict whether cloud systems would help or hurt a warming globe. Some studies suggested that a four percent increase in stratocumulus clouds over the ocean could compensate for a doubling in atmospheric carbon dioxide, preventing a potentially disastrous planetwide temperature increase. On the other hand, an increase in cirrus clouds could increase global warming.
That clouds represented the weakest element in climate models was illustrated by a study of fourteen such models. Comparing climate forecasts for a world with double the current amount of carbon dioxide, researchers found that the models agreed quite well if clouds were not included. But when clouds were incorporated, a wide range of forecasts was produced. With such discrepancies plaguing the models, scientists could not easily predict how quickly the world’s climate would change, nor could they tell which regions would face dustier droughts or deadlier monsoons.
15.1. The author of the passage is primarily concerned with
(A) confirming a theory
(B) supporting a statement
(C) presenting new information
(D) predicting future discoveries
(E) reconciling discrepant findings
15.2. It can be inferred that one reason the fourteen models described in the passage failed to agree was that
(A) they failed to incorporate the most up-to-date information about the effect of clouds on climate
(B) they were based on faulty information about factors other than clouds that affect climate
(C) they were based on different assumptions about the overall effects of clouds on climate
(D) their originators disagreed about the kinds of forecasts the models should provide
(E) their originators disagreed about the factors other than clouds that should be included in the models
15.3. It can be inferred that the primary purpose of the models included in the study discussed in the second paragraph of the passage was to
(A) predict future changes in the world’s climate
(B) predict the effects of cloud systems on the world’s climate
(C) find a way to prevent a disastrous planetwide temperature increase
(D) assess the percentage of the Earth’s surface covered by cloud systems
(E) estimate by how much the amount of carbon dioxide in the Earth’s atmosphere will increase
15.4. The information in the passage suggests that scientists would have to answer which of the following questions in order to predict the effect of clouds on the warming of the globe?
(A) What kinds of cloud systems will form over the Earth?
(B) How can cloud systems be encouraged to form over the ocean?
(C) What are the causes of the projected planetwide temperature increase?
(D) What proportion of cloud systems are currently composed of cirrus of clouds?
(E) What proportion of the clouds in the atmosphere form over land masses?
篇3：考研英语如何排除错误选项
1.原句重复出现，100%错，正确的都是有改动的，即同义词替换。
2.选项中意思完全相反的选项，其中有一个是对的。
3.用文章举例的句子来作为选项，直接排除。
4.文章里某某人说的话，或者是带引号的句子，一定要高度重视。很有可能就是某个问题的同义替换。
5.一篇文章中一般会有5、6个长难句，而且一般总会在这里设问题，所以，长难句必须要掌握！
6.若文章首段以why为开头，这里如果设置问题的话，选项里如果有because的，往往就是正确选项，(这种题型很少)。
7.注意问题的主语是谁，它和原文题眼的主语原则上是一致的。主语不一致，一般来说，都是错的。
8.如果某个问题是特别长的一个句子。一定要看清问的是什么，别打马虎眼，这是做题需要留意的地方。
9.中国人出的题，多是总-分结构，或者是总-分-总的结构。所以每段的开头和结尾要特别注意，(如果中间出现转折，另当别论。
10.However后面的句子一定要重视。一般会是题眼，看到这个词一定要敏感一些。
11.选型中出现only的一般都是错误的。
12.凡是举例子的，都是为了说明观点的，那么这个观点，一般来说，会在举例子之前就表达了，但有时候也在举例子之后。
13.文章一般都是按顺序出题的，如果你做题的时候觉得顺序不对你就要注意了，这个时候多半是你做错了。
14.一般时候some people表达的是作者不认同的观点，few people表示的是作者观点。
15.一定要注意文章中句子的宾语成分，特别是长难句中主干的宾语。前面提到了，考研英语大都是在长难句中设置问题。而长难句中，最可能出题的就是句子里的主干部分，主干的主语、宾语是什么。
1.考研初试必备：英语阅读错误选项排除法
2.考研英语如何减少翻译中的错误
3.考研英语写作常见错误
4.考研英语完型选项以常词为主
5.考研英语阅读选项讲解
6.考研英语如何复习？
7.考研英语如何复习
8.如何复习考研英语
9.2016考研英语写作中的常见错误
10.考研英语阅读10大错误答案特征
篇4：雅思听力选择题怎么排除干扰项
雅思听力选择题怎么排除干扰项
做雅思听力选择题考生必须看清题目，掌握雅思听力选择题技巧，并排除干扰信息。
这种干扰项常常出现在选择题的选项中，即出题人故意把录音中的部分信息，作为选项给出。
真题范例：剑桥真题 5 Test 2 Section 2 Question 12
Dan’s neighbor was successful in business because he
A employed carpenters from the area.
B was the most skilled craftsman in the town.
C found it easy to reach customers.
本题答案： C。
原文录音： My neighbor’s business was business was unusually successful, and for years I couldn’t understand why. Then I realized having a bike meant he could get where he wanted to go without much trouble. Other local carpenters could only accept jobs in a three-kilometer radius, so no matter how skilled they were; they could never do as many jobs as neighbor.
破题密码： 本题难度适中，但出现了很多干扰信息，平时如果只靠“只字片语”来判断答案，这类题目就很难拿分了。
题目：Dan的邻居在事业上很成功，是因为他…
原文：Then I realized having a bike meant he could get where he wanted to go without much trouble.(我意识到他有了一辆自行车就意味着他可以无阻碍地到任何他想去的地方。)
答案C：found it easy to reach customers.(感到找到客户很容易。)与听力原文相符，所以答案C正确。
干扰信息： 答案A：employed carpenters from the area.(雇佣了当地的木匠)
答案A中的carpenters 会在原文录音中听到，但原文中“Other local carpenters could only accept jobs in a three-kilometer radius”译为：其他当地木匠只可以在方圆3公里(半径)内找到工作。根本没有提到雇佣，所以答案A错误。
答案B：was the most skilled craftsman in the town.(是城里手艺最好的工匠)答案B中的skilled会在原文录音中听到，但原文中“so no matter how skilled they were, they could never do as many jobs as neighbor.”译为：无论他们的手艺多么精湛，他们都不能和邻居做一样多的工作，与答案B中的意思相差很大，所以答案B错误。
雅思听力常用信号词分类整理
表示列举，增补关系的信号词 and、in addition to that、one more thing 、what’s more 、besides 、either also、too、as well as、for instance 、both and 、together、for example 、further more 、such as、in addition 、likewise、 like、similarly、moreover
表示转折关系的信号词 although 、by contract 、as a matter of fact、nevertheless 、in contrast 、instead、 however 、while 、otherwise、though、 but 、despite、on the contrary 、on the other hand 、in the same way、in spite of 、yet 、whereas
表示顺序或序列关系的信号词 first 、before 、first of all、on the right/left、next、to begin with、turn right/left 、afterward、meanwhile、second、 last but not least 、for a start、third 、finally、 until、between 、firstly 、subsequently、then 、secondly 、previously、in the middle 、for one thing、 for another、after 、in the first place
表示解释或强调关系的信号词 that is 、in particular、 I mean、namely、 especially、 actually、in other words 、that is to say 、specially、another way of saying、 equally、
表示归纳，结论性关系的信号词 as a result、altogether 、finally、in short、therefore 、overall、in sum 、thus、 on the whole、in brief 、accordingly、to conclude、in a word 、consequently、 to sum up、in conclusion、 so 、to summarize、
表示因果关系的信号词 as a result 、therefore 、since、for 、for this reason 、so、because 、consequently 、as、thus IELTS
考生应非凡注重并熟悉一下一些信号词 And now (we will) —— Most importantly… Now tell me…. —— One more thing Before I move on to…. —— To start with… Next, I’d like to… —— Finally, can you tell us… And what about… —— Well, that’s about it, except for… Right, so the first thing… —— I’d like not to move on to…
雅思听力测试中又很多题目的答案都是被说话人非凡重复或重读的 When the voice falls, it often shows a feeling of completion, e.g. a statement or order. When it rises, it often shows a feeling of doubt, e.g. a question or doubtful remark.
如何高效累积雅思听力词汇
英语学习中，单词基础的重要性毋庸置疑。而对于考生而言，背单词又是一件极度痛苦的事情。海量的单词无从背起，永远都是雄心勃勃翻开字典，颠来倒去只背到abandon。好不容易“背”完了A字母段，考试碰到只觉得眼熟，甚至能想象到单词在字典上的位置，而单词含义却是无论如何都记不起来了。对于雅思听力词汇的积累，光靠背单词含义是远远不够的，必须从单词音形义三方面全面掌握。
一、口音多
听力考试考的就是听的能力，所以对读音的掌握是首要的。听力考试中的口音以英音、美英和澳大利亚口音为主，同样的单词在不同地区和国家读法会有出入。考生在积累单词时需要关注音标中的多种读音方式以及一些常规的发音不同点。需要注意的是口音不是靠记住几条规则就能掌握的，考试中不可能边做题边考虑发音规则，因此活学活用才是最好的方法。考生平时可以多看或多听一些发音比较杂的节目或影视作品，特别要关注英式发音。
除了口音之外，背单词时多关注读音可以积累发音习惯，考试时碰到不熟悉的单词可以试着根据发音规则进行拼写。
二、场景词汇
听力考试中各个部分都以一个场景为中心，比较常见的如租房、旅游、选课、讲座等在考试中反复出现。考生在积累单词时可以以场景为中心进行扩展，有效地将单词联系起来，形成一个体系。这么做在记单词的同时还能复习到场景的考点，拓展自己对场景的想象力，可以说是一举多得。
三、同义转换
同义转换是雅思听力考试的一大特色，听到的和看到的内容往往存在差异。同义转换并不是简单的同义词汇转换，还包括了同一个单词不同词性的变化，同一类事物的上下意变化，或者是单词的反义表达。因此要做好同义转换需要积累同义词、反义词以及单词的词性变化。这些词除了可以在做练习中积累外，也可以借鉴阅读及写作中学到的词汇。
四、记忆方法
记忆单词的方法有很多，如谐音法、联想法、词根词缀法等。考生可以把这几种不同的方法结合在一起使用。在记忆过程中试着把单词形象化，使单词在脑海中形成一个概念，这也是试着以英语思维的一个过程。这样可以避免在考试时听到单词需要转换成中文意思才能想到单词拼写。
以上四种方法就是雅思听力词汇的积累办法，大家可以看到在掌握了雅思听力词汇的特点之后，还是需要大家对词汇进行持续性的记忆，这样才能达到真正的记忆的效果。
雅思听力备考的总体规划
一、听力总体策略
在每个段子开始前，考生务必浏览该段所涵盖的问题。在听的同时，考生一定要留心下个问题会考什么。考生在浏览问题时，最好能划出关键词，名词和相关词汇。问题总会重复或改写听力内容，考生应留心可能被改写的内容是什么。
与此同时，考生应注意录音所提到的决定或对话中能激起说话者兴趣的某些词或短语。这些是该段最重要的部分。听力中总有一个问题关于发生什么或者争论什么的。此刻，关键词总会被重复无数次，好像说话人的一方总想对另一方传递某个信息。
二、是非题策略
是非题需要考生从听明白对话中所列举的东西或各种选择。此部分通常是随着对话的进行，用排除法可得到正确答案。此种题型解题关键是首先了解每个问题中所牵汲到的要素，然后认真听。正如前面所讲，对话中经常有分歧和争论，决定也往往会被改变。此时是答对题的关键，注意留心一些转折词如but, however等。
三、填表题策略
此部分测试考生对细节掌握能力。需考生写下细节信息如电话号码，姓名，地址等。考生必须边听边写。关键要留心名词或者姓名，数字，人物，食物和地名。这些题目往往是按顺序出题的。
有些段子需要考生在听对话之前就填表。有些段子需要考生用几个关键元素填表。考生必须悉听关键元素，说话者有时会强调一些关键元素，考生应引起注意。
四、回答问题
此部分的关键是考生要明白下一个问题会问什么。考生需要提前浏览问题，考生在听每一个段时，应注意主要，名词，时间，目的地。这里亦考对话中最有兴趣的问题。由于他们在对话中的重要性，问题的答案往往会被反复说多遍。考生也就便于回答问题了。
五、填空
此题出现在较长的对话中，要求根据对话填补上所缺的信息，同样是测试考生的听力能力。因此必须注意一些习惯表达和一些流畅表达。此部分问题的关键是要提前阅读填空，预测将会考的内容。
六、图表题
此部分让你命名几个关键插图的部位。考生在听对话时，应有针对型的寻找这些词。有些问题，考生不用听也许就能回答。考生一定要先扫描图表，做到心中有数和有针对性地听。对话开始后，考生亦跟着图表的对话顺序向下听。有些图表的答案已给。图表最后一题要求考生完成一个位置的填空，要留心图表上已有的东西，当听到图表上已有的东西时，下面再听到的便是答案。
七、配对题
要求考生填一个字母或者一个单词来描述对话的某一个侧面。这些字母或单词往往是对话的重点，使考生能预测到考试的内容。考生在预浏览时，一定要注意已有的配对的内容，并将他们分类。譬如，如果有三个选项要你将他们和每一个问题相匹配，考生就应注意可对话分成三大块了。
在配对部分中，往往都会给多个选项。有的选项是作为主题。留心听已给的选项，一旦听到已给的选项，接下来在听到的便是答案了。
雅思听力其他题型如多选题和图表题也是大家需要注意的，在整个的备考中，大家无论对任何一个题型都需要从题目的特征入手，这样才能在整体的答题方案上有更加全面的把握。
篇5：如何攻克雅思阅读选择题
被动刷题不可取 制霸雅思阅读选择题需主动出击
雅思阅读选择题出题模式一：
句子1：It seems that the viewer can sense the artists’ vision in paintings, even if they can’t explain why.
题目：下面哪个选项与上句意思一致?
A mostly favour works of art which they know well.
Bhold fixed ideas about what makes a good work of art.
Care often misled by their initial expectations of a work of art.
Dhave the ability to perceive the intention behind works of art.
那么应该90%的同学可以做对，正确答案是D。如果做不对的同学，请你踏踏实实去背背YOYO的核心词或是学术核心词汇566吧。
但是，选择题的实际出题模式是这样的：
雅思阅读选择题出题出题模式二：
这篇文章的标题是：Neuroaesthetics
题目：Angelina Hawley-Dolan’s findings indicate that people
A mostly favour works of art which they know well.
Bhold fixed ideas about what makes a good work of art.
Care often misled by their initial expectations of a work of art.
Dhave the ability to perceive the intention behind works of art.
原文出题点：Angelina Hawley-Dolan, of Boston College, Massachusettes, responded to this debate by asking volunteers to view pairs of paintings - either the creations of famous abstract artists or the doodles of infants, chimps and elephant. They then had to judge which they preferred. A third of the paintings were given no captions, while many were labelled incorrectly-volunteers might think they were viewing a chimp’s messy brushstrokes when they were actually seeing an acclaimed masterpiece. In each set of trials, volunteers generally preferred the work of renowned artists, even when they believed it was by an animal or a child. It seems that the viewer can sense the artist’s vision in paintings, even if they can’t explain why.
出题模式一，其实就是雅思选择题的本质所在。出题模式二是正常的雅思考试的出题模式，配上抽象的主题和很多看似简单又读不懂的无关信息，以此来加大考试的难度，这就是雅思考官出题的套路。出题模式一和二一对比，大家就明白了，其实选择题，真正的难点在于：同学们往往不能准确定位出考官的出题点到底是哪一句子。烤鸭们一般可以大概定位到题目出题“面”--- 段落，但是，却不能准确定位“点”--出题的句子。所以，很多同学常常有需要读一整段或是两个段落来解一个选择题的错觉。
简言之，雅思阅读选择题的解题关键是：一定要能够准确点位出题点!这样，就可以有效排除很多干扰信息了。而在仅有的一个句子中，去读懂，再去识别选项的同义替换，这样选择题的难度就大大减小了。
那么，问题来了?如何锁定出题点呢?如何做到从“面”到“点”的准确定位呢?
定位选择题的出题点，可以根据题目的提问方式，来进行分类，每类题目的出题点和出题规律一般都是比较固定。雅思选择题的提问方式和出题点位置，一般可以分为以下几大类：
雅思阅读选择题出出题规律1：实验看结果
1.考查实验相关的题目，一般重点都是考实验的结果，重点直接去文中快速锁定实验的结果，一般表结果的关键词是：findings, ...found that..., It seems that..., it would seem that....
正常来说：当讲到某个实验的时候，文中的行文顺序：WHY该实验的背景/目的--HOW该实验如何进行--WHAT实验对象在实验做了什么或是如何表现的---Results/Findings。所以，当提到某个实验时，一般会有2-3句来讲实验的why, how和what，结果往往放在最后。解题时，直接快速跳到实验后边去看实验的结果。
如上题所示：题目问Angelina Hawley-Dolan’s findings indicate...(他的实验结果表明....), 文中，段落前几句描述的都是跟实验相关的内容，到最后一句It seems that..., 才是结果。考生们在做题前，如果能够非常清晰的了解这个特点的话，就可以高效准确的解题了。
雅思阅读选择题出题规律2：例子看观点
2.题目考查具体例子的，一般都是问例子说明或支持的观点，重点看原文例子的前后句。举例都是为了说明观点的。如果段落开头就是例子的，则需要看例子所在段落的前段的主要观点，观点的位置一般在上段的最后部分，提出一个观点，然后下段用例子证明。一般例子讲完后，在例子后边会再次总结一下观点。简言之，出现例子的重点看例子前后的句子。
雅思阅读选择题出题规律3：主旨细节要分清
3.如果题目提问中出现段落的，如果是问段落大意，就看段落主题句，快速把握段落主旨。出现段落，但不问主旨的，一定要先定好段落中具体细节，再解题。如: According to the eighth paragraph, how was the geography of the region significant? 题目中提到第8段，但是不能看一整个段落解题，还要定位到关键词geography 所在的句子，理解后再做题。
雅思阅读生词预判之定义句
生词预判之定义句
在雅思阅读中，如果生词是句子或段落所解释的定义，理解句子或段落本身就是推断词义。
例如： anthropology is the scientific study of man。
由定义可知，anthropology就是“研究人类的科学”。
In slang the term “jam” constitutes a state of being in which a personfinds
himself or herself in a difficult situation。
同样，从雅思阅读上下文的定义可知jam一词在俚语中的意思是“困境”。定义句的谓语动词多为：be, mean, deal with,
beconsidered, to be, refer to, be called, be known as, define, represent,
signify,constitute等。
雅思阅读模拟试题
This reading test contains 10 questions. You should spend about 20 minutes on this task. To make it more authentic, download the test and do it with pen and paper.
Read the passage below and answer questions 1-10.
What you need to know about Culture Shock
Most people who move to a foreign country or culture may experience a period of time when they feel very homesick and have a lot of stress and difficulty functioning in the new culture. This feeling is often called ‘culture shock’ and it is important to understand and learn how to cope with culture shock if you are to adapt successfully to your new home’s culture.
First of all, it’s important to know that culture shock is normal. Everyone in a new situation will go through some form of culture shock, and the extent of which they do is determined by factors such as the difference between cultures, the degree to which someone is anxious to adapt to a new culture and the familiarity that person has to the new culture. If you go, for example, to a culture that is far different from your own, you’re likely to experience culture shock more sharply than those who move to a new culture knowing the language and the behavioural norms of the new culture.
There are four general stages of cultural adjustment, and it is important that you are aware of these stages and can recognise which stage you are in and when so that you will understand why you feel the way you do and that any difficulties you are experience are temporary, a process you are going through rather than a constant situation.
The first stage is usually referred to as the excitement stage or the ‘honeymoon’ stage. Upon arriving in a new environment, you’ll be interested in the new culture, everything will seem exciting, everyone will seem friendly and helpful and you’ll be overwhelmed with impressions. During this stage you are merely soaking up the new landscape, taking in these impressions passively, and at this stage you have little meaningful experience of the culture.
But it isn’t long before the honeymoon stage dissolves into the second stage – sometimes called the withdrawal stage. The excitement you felt before changes to frustration as you find it difficult to cope with the problems that arise. It seems that everything is difficult, the language is hard to learn, people are unusual and unpredictable, friends are hard to make, and simple things like shopping and going to the bank are challenges. It is at this stage that you are likely to feel anxious and homesick, and you will probably find yourself complaining about the new culture or country. This is the stage which is referred to as ‘culture shock’.
Culture shock is only temporary, and at some point, if you are one of those who manage to stick it out, you’ll transition into the third stage of cultural adjustment, the ‘recovery’ stage. At this point, you’ll have a routine, and you’ll feel more confident functioning in the new culture. You’ll start to feel less isolated as you start to understand and accept the way things are done and the way people behave in your new environment. Customs and traditions are clearer and easier to understand. At this stage, you’ll deal with new challenges with humour rather than anxiety.
The last stage is the ‘home’ or ‘stability’ stage – this is the point when people start to feel at home in the new culture. At this stage, you’ll function well in the new culture, adopt certain features and behaviours from your new home, and prefer certain aspects of the new culture to your own culture.
There is, in a sense, a fifth stage to this process. If you decide to return home after a long period in a new culture, you may experience what is called ‘reverse culture shock’. This means that you may find aspects of your own culture ‘foreign’ because you are so used to the new culture that you have spent so long adjusting to. Reverse culture shock is usually pretty mild – you may notice things about your home culture that you had never noticed before, and some of the ways people do things may seem odd. Reverse culture shock rarely lasts for very long.
Questions
Do the following statements agree with the information given in the article?
In boxes 1-10 on your answer sheet write
TRUE if the statement agrees with the information
FALSE if the statement contradicts the information
NOT GIVEN if there is no information on this
1) Some people will find the process of adapting to a new country easier than others.
2) Knowing about these four stages will help people adjust to a new culture more quickly.
3) People can ease culture shock by learning about the language and customs before they go to the new culture.
4) Culture shock is another name for cultural adjustment.
5) The first stage is usually the shortest.
6) In the first stage, people will have a very positive impression of the new culture.
7) Many people will leave the new culture while they are in the second stage.
8) By the third stage, people do not experience any more problems with the new culture.
9) In the fourth stage, people speak new language fluently.
10) Reverse culture shock is as difficult to deal with as culture shock.
参考答案
Answers
1) TRUE
2) NOT GIVEN
3) TRUE
4) FALSE
5) NOT GIVEN
6) TRUE
7) NOT GIVEN
8) FALSE
9) NOT GIVEN
10) FALSE
篇6：雅思阅读选择题解题技巧
雅思阅读选择题解题技巧为大家带来雅思阅读中最常见的一种题型之一——选择题的解题方法和技巧的总结。选择题是我们非常熟悉也是雅思阅读的高频常客之一。虽说选择题无论随便乱选一个选项都有25%的正确率，如果掌握了正确的做题方法和步骤，就有机会达到100%正确率。
Multiple Choice(选择题)
题型要求
这是一个传统题型，大家都很熟悉。但就是这种大家都熟悉的题型，IELTS考试也要弄出新花样：四选一和多选多两种。
四选一，选项肯定是四个。即要求从A、B、C、D四项中选择一个最符合题意的选项。
多选多，选项肯定是五个或五个以上，而正确答案的数目肯定在两个以上。
哪个更难呢?很多同学会好不犹豫地说是多选多。实际上，多选多很容易，是一种简单题型。它具有以下几个特点：
(1) 正确答案的数目是已知的。在题目的要求中会告诉你要选出几个选项。题目要求中常WHICH FOUR， WHICH THREE 等字样。
(2) 答案在原文中是集中出现的，对应原文中的例举。找着一个答案，其余几个就在它的前后不远处。
我们举一个中文阅读的例子来说明。文章如下：
帕金森症是一种顽症。它是由大脑中缺乏一种叫多巴胺的化学物质引起的。(后面删减100字)很多名人深受其苦。比如，我们的改革的总设计师邓小平、拳王阿里、以故数学家陈景润等等。(后面删减100字)
题目是：以下哪三个人得过帕金森症?
A. 邓小平
B. 里根
C. 拳王阿里
D. 布什
E. 陈景润 答案：ACE
四选一在考试中，一般比较难。它的特点是：四个选项，哪个都像。好像在原文中都提到了，但又都和原文的叙述不太一样。很容易选错。
选择题和问答题的区别在于：问答题要求你自己从原文中找答案。而选择题给你四个选项，让你选择，在给你提示的同时，也给了你一个陷阱。有些选择题，如果改为回答题，你可能能够做对，但给了你四个选项，反而选错了。
考试中，四选一，A类和G类一般都是每次必考，考一组，共3题左右。多选多，不是每次必考。
篇7：雅思阅读选择题解题技巧
(1) 找出题干中的关键词，最好先定位到原文中的一个段落。
将题干中的关键词与原文各段落的小标题或每段话的第一句相对照。有些题目能先定位到原文中的一个段落，着必将大大加快解题时间，并提高准确率。但并不是每个题目都能先定位到原文中的一个段落的。
如果题目中的关键词难以确定答案的位置，选项中的关键词也可以作为定位的参考依据。
(2) 从头到尾快速阅读该段落，根据题干中的其他关键词及选项确定正确答案。正确选项常常是原文相关词句的改写。
确定一个段落后，答案在该段落中有的具体位置是未知的。所以，需要从头到尾快速阅读该段落，确定正确答案。短问答的答案常常是原文原词，而选择题的答案常常是原文相关词句的改写。
(3) 有些题目比较简单，可以直接选择。对于难题，可以用排除法确定正确答案。
有些题目比较简单，从原文很快找到对应答案。这时可以直接选择不必看其它选项。既可以节省时间，同时也避免受干扰选项的误导。
有些题目比较难，看每个选项都有点像，但又都不太象。这时，可以用排除法，先排除掉肯定不对的选项，然后在剩下的选项中再做出选择。通常，有两个选项必有好排除，另外两个有一定的难度。请参见本题型的注意事项部分，其中分析了干扰选项的特点。
(4) 要注意顺序性，即题目的顺序和原文的顺序基本一致。
题目是有顺序性的。第一题的答案应在文章的前部，第二题的答案应在第一题的答案之后。这个规律也有助于同学们确定答案的位置。
NOTICE
1. 如果一个选项合乎题意，还要看其它选项中是否有both…and、all of the above的字样。
我们举一个中文阅读的例子：
原文：如果你随便停车，要罚你款，还要把你的车拖走。
题目：如果你随便停车，将：
A. 被罚款
B. 你的车被拖走
C. 没事儿
D. both被罚款and你的车被拖走 答案：D
如果选项中有一个是all of the above，它是正确选项的可能性很大。Both…and是正确选项比all of the above小一些。总之，如果一个选项合乎题意，不要马上选。看一眼其余选项中是否有both…and, all of the above的字样。
2. 注意题干中是否有not, except的字样。
题干中有这些词时，通常是将它们大写并使用黑体，特别醒目。如果不注意看，必然答错题。
如前面的关于帕金森症的中文阅读文章，可能出一道四选一的题目：
题目：下面的人得过帕金森症EXCEPT
A. 邓小平
B. 里根
C. 拳王阿里
D. 陈景润 答案：B
3. 干扰选项的特点
做选择题的过程就是与干扰选项做斗争的过程。清楚干扰选项的特点，就能做到百战百胜。干扰选项特征如下：
A. 无：选项中所讲的内容在原文中根本不存在，或找不到语言依据。要注意，答题的唯一依据是原文，不能凭借自己的知识或主观想象。
B. 反：与原文相矛盾的选项。这时要注意题干或原文中是否有NOT、EXECPT等词，也要注意反义词。
C. 满：含有“绝对意义”的词汇如must、always、all、will的选项，一般为错误选项。选项中含有“相对意义”的词汇如can、may、sometimes、some、not always，一般为正确答案。也就是说，越是模棱两可、含含糊糊，越可能是正确答案，因为它适用的范围更广。这条规律的适用性很强，实践证明它的准确率在90%以上。
D. 偏：似是而非，与原句部分相似的选项。这是不太容易排除的。
E. 混：张冠李戴，有时题干是主语，选项是谓语，要留心题干的主语和选项的谓语构成的主谓结构是否张冠李戴。这种干扰项规律也比较明显，常常是这样的：
原文：甲事物的特征是X。乙事物的特征是Y。
题干是甲事物，选项中肯定有特征Y，但肯定没有特征X。为什么呢?特征Y就是让你选的干扰项，如果选项中有特征X，你肯定会选它，就不会选错了。也就是出题者为了这个精心布置的陷阱成功，他会舍弃特征X，而在文章的其它地方谈到甲事物的时候，出现一个正确答案。
4. 正确选项应是原文的改写，与原文特别一致的选项应引起怀疑。
正确选项应是原文相关词句的改写，所以与原文特别一致的选项是正确选项的可能性不大。
雅思阅读考前必看文章之经济类
雅思阅读：Whose lost decade?
Japan's economy works better than pessimists think—at least for the elderly.
THE Japanese say they suffer from an economic disease called “structural pessimism”. Overseas too, there is a tendency to see Japan as a harbinger of all that is doomed in the economies of the euro zone and America—even though figures released on November 14th show its economy grew by an annualised 6% in the third quarter, rebounding quickly from the March tsunami and nuclear disaster.
Look dispassionately at Japan's economic performance over the past ten years, though, and “the second lost decade”, if not the first, is a misnomer. Much of what tarnishes Japan's image is the result of demography—more than half its population is over 45—as well as its poor policy in dealing with it. Even so, most Japanese have grown richer over the decade.
In aggregate, Japan's economy grew at half the pace of America's between and . Yet if judged by growth in GDP per person over the same period, then Japan has outperformed America and the euro zone (see chart 1). In part this is because its population has shrunk whereas America's population has increased.
Though growth in labour productivity fell slightly short of America's from to , total factor productivity, a measure of how a country uses capital and labour, grew faster, according to the Tokyo-based Asian Productivity Organisation. Japan's unemployment rate is higher than in 2000, yet it remains about half the level of America and Europe (see chart 2).
Besides supposed stagnation, the two other curses of the Japanese economy are debt and deflation. Yet these also partly reflect demography and can be overstated. People often think of Japan as an indebted country. In fact, it is the world's biggest creditor nation, boasting ?253 trillion ($3.3 trillion) in net foreign assets.
To be sure, its government is a large debtor; its net debt as a share of GDP is one of the highest in the OECD. However, the public debt has been accrued not primarily through wasteful spending or “bridges to nowhere”, but because of ageing, says the IMF. Social-security expenditure doubled as a share of GDP between 1990 and 2010 to pay rising pensions and health-care costs. Over the same period tax revenues have shrunk.
Falling tax revenues are a problem. The flip side, though, is that Japan has the lowest tax take of any country in the OECD, at just 17% of GDP. That gives it plenty of room to manoeuvre. Takatoshi Ito, an economist at the University of Tokyo, says increasing the consumption tax by 20 percentage points from its current 5%—putting it at the level of a high-tax European country—would raise ?50 trillion and immediately wipe out Japan's fiscal deficit.
That sounds draconian. But here again, demography plays a role. Officials say the elderly resist higher taxes or benefit cuts, and the young, who are in a minority, do not have the political power to push for what is in their long-term interest. David Weinstein, professor of Japanese economy at Columbia University in New York, says the elderly would rather give money to their children than pay it in taxes. Ultimately that may mean that benefits may shrink in the future. “If you want benefits to grow in line with income, as they are now, you need a massive increase in taxes of about 10% of GDP,” he says.
Demography helps explain Japan's stubborn deflation, too, he says. After all, falling prices give savers—most of whom are elderly—positive real yields even when nominal interest rates are close to zero. Up until now, holding government bonds has been a good bet. Domestic savers remain willing to roll them over, which enables the government to fund its deficits. Yet this comes at a cost to the rest of the economy.
In short, Japan's economy works better for those middle-aged and older than it does for the young. But it is not yet in crisis, and economists say there is plenty it could do to raise its potential growth rate, as well as to lower its debt burden.
Last weekend Yoshihiko Noda, the prime minister, took a brave shot at promoting reform when he said Japan planned to start consultations towards joining the Trans-Pacific Partnership. This is an American-backed free-trade zone that could lead to a lowering of tariffs on a huge swath of goods and services. Predictably it is elderly farmers, doctors and small businessmen who are most against it.
Reforms to other areas, such as the tax and benefit system, might be easier if the government could tell the Japanese a different story: not that their economy is mired in stagnation, but that its performance reflects the ups and downs of an ageing society, and that the old as well as the young need to make sacrifices.
The trouble is that the downbeat narrative is deeply ingrained. The current crop of leading Japanese politicians, bureaucrats and businessmen are themselves well past middle age. Many think they have sacrificed enough since the glory days of the 1980s, when Japan's economy seemed unstoppable. Mr Weinstein says they suffer from “diminished-giant syndrome”, nervously watching the economic rise of China. If they compared themselves instead with America and Europe, they might feel heartened enough to make some of the tough choices needed.
雅思阅读考前必看文章之经济类
雅思阅读：The magic of diasporas
Immigrant networks are a rare bright spark in the world economy. Rich countries should welcome them
THIS is not a good time to be foreign. Anti-immigrant parties are gaining ground in Europe. Britain has been fretting this week over lapses in its border controls. In America Barack Obama has failed to deliver the immigration reform he promised , and Republican presidential candidates would rather electrify the border fence with Mexico than educate the children of illegal aliens. America educates foreign scientists in its universities and then expels them, a policy the mayor of New York calls “national suicide”.
This illiberal turn in attitudes to migration is no surprise. It is the result of cyclical economic gloom combined with a secular rise in pressure on rich countries' borders. But governments now weighing up whether or not to try to slam the door should consider another factor: the growing economic importance of diasporas, and the contribution they can make to a country's economic growth.
Old networks, new communications
Diaspora networks—of Huguenots, Scots, Jews and many others—have always been a potent economic force, but the cheapness and ease of modern travel has made them larger and more numerous than ever before. There are now 215m first-generation migrants around the world: that's 3% of the world's population. If they were a nation, it would be a little larger than Brazil. There are more Chinese people living outside China than there are French people in France. Some 22m Indians are scattered all over the globe. Small concentrations of ethnic and linguistic groups have always been found in surprising places—Lebanese in west Africa, Japanese in Brazil and Welsh in Patagonia, for instance—but they have been joined by newer ones, such as west Africans in southern China.
These networks of kinship and language make it easier to do business across borders. They speed the flow of information: a Chinese trader in Indonesia who spots a gap in the market for cheap umbrellas will alert his cousin in Shenzhen who knows someone who runs an umbrella factory. Kinship ties foster trust, so they can seal the deal and get the umbrellas to Jakarta before the rainy season ends. Trust matters, especially in emerging markets where the rule of law is weak. So does a knowledge of the local culture. That is why so much foreign direct investment in China still passes through the Chinese diaspora. And modern communications make these networks an even more powerful tool of business.
Diasporas also help spread ideas. Many of the emerging world's brightest minds are educated at Western universities. An increasing number go home, taking with them both knowledge and contacts. Indian computer scientists in Bangalore bounce ideas constantly off their Indian friends in Silicon Valley. China's technology industry is dominated by “sea turtles” (Chinese who have lived abroad and returned).
Diasporas spread money, too. Migrants into rich countries not only send cash to their families; they also help companies in their host country operate in their home country. A Harvard Business School study shows that American companies that employ lots of ethnic Chinese people find it much easier to set up in China without a joint venture with a local firm.
Such arguments are unlikely to make much headway against hostility towards immigrants in rich countries. Fury against foreigners is usually based on two (mutually incompatible) notions: that because so many migrants claim welfare they are a drain on the public purse; and that because they are prepared to work harder for less pay they will depress the wages of those at the bottom of the pile.
The first is usually not true (in Britain, for instance, immigrants claim benefits less than indigenous people do), and the second is hard to establish either way. Some studies do indeed suggest that competition from unskilled immigrants depresses the wages of unskilled locals. But others find this effect to be small or non-existent.
Nor is it possible to establish the impact of migration on overall growth. The sums are simply too difficult. Yet there are good reasons for believing that it is likely to be positive. Migrants tend to be hard-working and innovative. That spurs productivity and company formation. A recent study carried out by Duke University showed that, while immigrants make up an eighth of America's population, they founded a quarter of the country's technology and engineering firms. And, by linking the West with emerging markets, diasporas help rich countries to plug into fast-growing economies.
Rich countries are thus likely to benefit from looser immigration policy; and fears that poor countries will suffer as a result of a “brain drain” are overblown. The prospect of working abroad spurs more people to acquire valuable skills, and not all subsequently emigrate. Skilled migrants send money home, and they often return to set up new businesses. One study found that unless they lose more than 20% of their university graduates, the brain drain makes poor countries richer.
Indian takeaways
Government as well as business gains from the spread of ideas through diasporas. Foreign-educated Indians, including the prime minister, Manmohan Singh (Oxford and Cambridge) and his sidekick Montek Ahluwalia (Oxford), played a big role in bringing economic reform to India in the early 1990s. Some 500,000 Chinese people have studied abroad and returned, mostly in the past decade; they dominate the think-tanks that advise the government, and are moving up the ranks of the Communist Party. Cheng Li of the Brookings Institution, an American think-tank, predicts that they will be 15-17% of its Central Committee next year, up from 6% in . Few sea turtles call openly for democracy. But they have seen how it works in practice, and they know that many countries that practise it are richer, cleaner and more stable than China.
As for the old world, its desire to close its borders is understandable but dangerous. Migration brings youth to ageing countries, and allows ideas to circulate in millions of mobile minds. That is good both for those who arrive with suitcases and dreams and for those who should welcome them.
篇8：雅思阅读如何排除紧张情绪
雅思阅读如何排除紧张情绪
(1)、平日做逍遥游，不把时间精力放在备考上，因此在上考场的时候，心情无比紧张，拿到“阅读天书”后，不知如何是好，接着从无比紧张，恐惧发展到“全身心放松”，俗称---放弃;
(2)平日还算用功，但是由于时间紧促，备考内容有限，因此学生在上考场的时候，心里惦记着平时是不是什么地方没下好工夫，很多东西貌似都看到过，但是没把握，因而紧张;
(3)平日相当用功，这类考生紧张主要属于“这一天终于到了，我一定要考出好成绩，不过，万一，那我的努力岂不白费”型。
当然，在这三类中笔者都不排除应试的本能紧张。那么如何克服这种紧张、恐惧的心理呢?
一定时间的备考是必须的，而有规律的科学的备考计划是克服紧张心理的重中之重，因为有规律而且科学的备考将给应考带来相当大的自信------“我的努力必将带来成果”，心存这份信念，才能在考试中发挥出你的水平!而面对考试的本能紧张，学生则可以按照考试前深呼吸，适当地释压，放松心态，记住你是适当地释压，因为一定地压力会让你面对考试不那么随便，这是项任务，是个考试，不是你新生活的开始，而是你努力到最后那个还未放上的句号。
雅思阅读填图题的解题技巧
你要了解的雅思阅读填图题技巧。雅思阅读填图题出境频率不高，但也不能忽视。雅思阅读填图题总的出题形式是：根据阅读文章所给出的信息，填补图表内所缺失的内容。其类型有三种，即统计表(Table)，原理图(Diagram)，流程图(Flow Chart)。此题型主要考查考生快速寻读定位，并理解细节信息的阅读能力。
解答图表题应注意的几点事项：
1.仔细阅读解题说明，明确以下几点：
题目对图表内容的简要说明
题目所给出的字数限制
题目中是否给出了阅读范围
2.要仔细阅读图表中出现的信息，包括图表的小标题，图表中的关键文字，图表中的说明及注释。因为这些都是定位答案信息的重要依据。对于Flow Chart和Table类型的题目，一定要读懂其结构形式，这一点对于提高答题的速度很关键。
3.Flow Chart题答案信息基本遵守顺序原则，而Diagram题则不一定，但其答案信息在原文中的位置绝大多数情况比较集中。值得注意的是Table题，根据雅思官方网站的信息，其答案排列是不一定有顺序性的。但是笔者对剑1-6的所有Table题的统计表明，答案是全部按顺序排列的。因此对于Table题的定位也可以借助顺序性原则。
4.对于Table题，应掌握利用行，列及单元格关键词的“两级定位”技巧。
5.见到结构较为复杂的图表不要慌乱，冷静分析后会发现，结构越复杂的图表其实定位关键词也越明确，通常都会比较容易在文中定位。
雅思阅读备考之如何在热点中找答案
以下面的片断为例：
“The changing awareness has been most marked in English-speaking countries, where the revelation has gradually dawned that by no means everyone in the world knows English well enough to negotiate in it. This is especially a problem when English is not an official language of public administration, as in most parts of the Far East, Russia, Eastern Europe, the Arab world, Latin America and French-speaking Africa.”
当我们一看到这些国家名的列表(典型热点)，就应立即引起注意。为什么要注意呢?虽然不是数字或数据，它们是一系列专用名词。这些专用名词也很容易在文章中找到。周围的词可能很难浏览，会需要你停顿下来想它们的意思，但热点却非常容易找到。这里的国家太多很难记住。我们不必如此。事实上我们可以不读此部分，只知道是一串国家即可。一旦在问题中看到这些热点，就利用它们找出答案。
极有可能会出现这的问题：“An example of a part of the world where people may have difficulty in negotiation in English is…”读到此问题，我们会立即意识到它在问一个国家名。因为我们已经注意到了可能的热点，找到它就不会存在任何困难。任何一个国家都可以。例如，我们在此空中填“Latin America”，就完成了。利用热点，我们可以在知道问题之前就猜测可能的答案。
以上就是小编为大家带来的关于雅思阅读备考：阅读材料来源的内容，大家在平时练习的时候也要主要对这方面进行认真的练习，只有这样在雅思考试当中，才能好好的利用这些方法为自己的雅思阅读增加分数，预祝大家在雅思考试当中取得高分。
雅思阅读备考之做题顺序如何安排
一、首先决定要以什么样的顺序做题。真正的雅思考试并不是想象中的由易到难，很有可能一开始的文章就很难。设想，如果用30分钟先解决一道难题，再用剩下的30分钟去完成两道简单的题目，效果注定不好!试举剑桥4中TEST 2 为例，三篇文章分别 “lost for words”, “alternative medicine in Australia”, “play is a serious business”.乍一看第三篇文章题目是最简单的，实际上它反而是最难的。
二、题型决定做题顺序，而不是题目。“lost for words”题型分别是：summary, 人名理论matching, yes/no/not given. “alternative medicine in Australia”题型分别是：multiple choices, yes/no/not given, 填空题. “play is a serious business”题型分别是：信息段落配对，多选多，人名理论配对。初步分析题型后还可以细化，理清做题思路。第一篇文章难度适中，summary 属主旨类型题建议先做，同时可以把人名全部找到以节省时间。matching题中出现五对五配对还有NB。第二篇文章题目虽难但是引言部分交待很清楚，属简单的题目。填空题实属数字游戏，整篇文章完全按顺序出题。第三篇文章难度系数较大，信息段落配对难把握，之后的人名理论配对干扰选项过多，从一开始相当于八选一。这样分析下来，我们的做题顺序应该是“Passage 2/1/3”。
三、掌握技巧，灵活运用。题型没有绝对的难易之分，对其他考生难也许对你反而容易，要结合自己的实际情况。可以先做送分题“表格填空，图形题，完成句子”。在五大主流题型中，配对题比较费时，其中信息和段落配对最花时间，建议放在最后。而作为主旨的heading 和summary 可考虑先做，因为完成主旨题型后文章大致的内容和结构都可以掌握，对于细节题的定位会方便很多。
以上就是小编为大家带来的关于雅思阅读备考：做题顺序如何安排的全部内容，上述内容主要从三个方面为大家介绍了如何安排做题顺序，一个合理的做题顺序就像排列组合一样，不同的排列顺序会让整个的雅思考试时间大为不同。
雅思阅读备考之符号怎么用
举例如下：Q10 / Test 2 / Cambridge IV:
题目：Do the following statements agree with the views of the writer in Reading Passage 1? (Y / N / NG)
10. The Navajo language will die out because it currently has too few speakers。
该句为带有原因状语从句的复合句，判断正误时，需分2步走，先判断主句，若主句是N 或NG中的一个，那么就以此为答案，无需再判断从句了;但若主句判断为 Y, 那么还需继续对从句加以判断，从句最终的 Y / N /NG 就是题目的答案。
主句中The Navajo language will die out 的内容已知晓，在文章首段的 Line 3: … the native language is dying … (此处的native 指 the native Navojo, 前文有述)，那么要判断的就是从句了。从其中的内容应该读出关键信息是 too few speakers. 这里包含了一点和数字相关的信息few, 换言之，文中有可能会涉及到数字。
到文中寻找，在第三段的Line 5 发现了 150，000 speakers. 回到句首读原句：Navajo is considered endangered despite having 150,000 speakers. 虽然没有明示150，000 speakers 是多还是少，不过despite 已经明确了语气：多。因为整句是说：尽管有150，000人讲纳瓦霍语，它还是面临危险地境地。这无疑是在说这个数字已经不少了。
因此，原句中的从句我们可以判断为错误，从而Q10 的答案是 NO。
举例二：Q 5 / T 1 / Cambridge 5
… Johnson did not have a 5_________ available to him, but eventually produced definitions of inexcess of 40,000 words written down in 80 large notebooks。
由题目中出现的数字40，000 可以定位到原文中page 17 的第二段Line 4:
Johnson wrote the definitions of over 40,000 words, and illustrated their many meanings…
返回到句首：The work was immense: filling about eighty large notebooks (and without a library to hand)， 再由题目分析得知：所需答案为可数名词，并且是Johnson 在编撰词典的工作中不具备的(did not … available)，而文中括号里‘without a library to hand'正好契合了该信息点，还有a 这个信号词进一步确定，答案就非它莫属了：library。
