托福大牛116分如何获得

由哥谭不守法公民 分享时间：2023-09-17 11:41:10 收藏本文

【简介】感谢网友“哥谭不守法公民”参与投稿，下面是小编为大家整理的托福大牛116分如何获得(共8篇），欢迎阅读与收藏。

篇1：托福大牛116分如何获得

托福大牛116分如何获得?备考背词汇是王道

首先是训练好英语的基本素质

天下没有免费的午餐，想要考取好的成绩，你需要有一个英语基础，这些都是平时训练积累起来的，没有勤奋的练习是没有可能取得的。那么我们平时要如何去练习呢?小站教育编辑了解，具体的有以下5个方面来进行：

第一，同学们要朗读自己喜欢的文章，比如说像总统的演讲等等是很有难度的，但是这是非常好的练习方式，考生可以从受益良多;

第二，对着自己的一个喜欢的物品表达自己的想法，这些对于没有接受专业的托福培训的考生来说收获颇多，如果你熟练掌握这些词，那么你会在你要调用这些记号的时候反应的时间会减少，这些对于你的托福口语来说，是非常有帮助，之后你在国外学习和交流都是需要这样的能力的。

第三，就是要背单词、看单词、写单词、说单词等等。要知道我们学习英语是为了我们之后到国外高校去学习、生活非常需要的，尤其在备考的时候，考生不要把它仅仅是当做一门考试，要把它当然我们之后必备的元素，所以我们不但要背好单词，还要记好和用好，这些对你的将来到国外高校去生活和学习都需要。另外考生还可以结合自己的兴趣看英文小说和电影，以此来提升自己的英语水平。

第四：可以一下子就想托福考取高分有点困难，但是考生可以从简单的开始，建议大家如果对托福的压力较大的话，可以先考SAT，因为大牛也是这样的做的，只有将SAT提升到一定的高度，再来战托福就会轻松很多了。

第五：考前一定要做好模考，这样我们不仅可以提前进行考试状态，只有我们对于考试已经很熟悉之后，那么我们在考场上就要以正常发挥或者是超常发挥，显然大牛就是一个超人品爆发的一个。

托福考试单项备考经验

托福阅读

这一个考试科目可以是中国考生最擅长的一乎，基本上托福最差的考生，如果平时积累备考了，那么托福阅读的得分也不会很低。托福阅读最有效的做题方法就是看问题，找答案。有同学会说了，说了等于没说，我也知道这样做，但是我为什么就找不到答案呢?

千万别小看了这个简单的方法，这和你的基本能力学习是有着很大的关系的。现在的托福阅读题基本都会注明是针对哪一个段落或者是考察一个词，也会标注这个词是哪个段落中的。所以我们要理解题目中出现的关键词，这样才好在段落中当中去找答案。至于如何去定位，这就涉及到的阅读能力和反应速度上面的。如果平时没有这方面的练习，在考试中出很难有发挥的。

托福听力

在这个考试项目中，可能是考生最为重视，同时也是最容易失分的一个考试科目了，因为一旦你有一个词没有听明白，那么你就不能很好的答题了。但是这些是可以很好的被解决掉的。考生平时要加强听力练习的强度，如果在考试中有一个词没有听出来，这可以归纳为你在平时练习的时候没有把背单词和读单词做好。另外，如果考对于大长句也不有感觉的话，大牛提醒大家多看一些英文小说和电影。再有就是考生如果不是你的英文水平特别好的话，都建议大家在听听力材料的时候都做笔记，因为这不仅可以让你记住听力材料中的关键信息点，还能防止你在听力的时候突然走神。

另外一个需要大家注意的就是，无论是托福考试还中SAT考试，都是整个上午都在考试，所以大家在平时练习的时候练习的时间点最好也选择上午，尤其是上午第一门考的是听力，那么你可以每天早上起来首先就进行听力方面的内容来练习。

托福口语

托福口语也是考生最容易失分的考试科目，强如托福116的大牛，托福口语是所有考试项目里最低的分数。这门考试的备考，唯一的途径就是练习，这才是硬道理。平时在练习的时候就对着你喜欢的一件玩具去说，并且要录下来。因为你的玩具不会嘲笑你说的不好，你只需要再去听，发现了问题，然后改正过来，你就成功了。

托福写作

对于托福考试来说，每个考试部分都很重要，因为每个考试部分的分数都是平均的，如果一科考得不好的话，那么你的总分就会因此而被大大降低。大家在平时的练习过程中，要不断的积累一些例子和精美句子，平时多找一些自己喜欢的题目来乾地训练，其实托福写作就是练习你的表达能力的一种。

想要得高分，要找到自己备考方法

上面是小编为大家整理托福116分大牛的高分经验，仅供大家参考。因为每个人的实际情况不一样，不一定大家非得照着这个备考方法来，但是肯定是有值得大家借鉴的地方。最好的备考方法是自己总结的，只有适合自己的方法才是最好的方法，所以说适合自己的才是最好的，托福备考计划同样是如此。

要树立自信心

在托福考试中，自信心是非常重要的。在网上可以看到各种各样的备考心得，大多数都大同小异，无非就是自己遇到的了哪些挫折，然后没有处理好，导致在考试的时候答不出题，对于这些负能量的备考心得，大家可以完全忽略。对于自己的问题就要试着想法去克服，只有这样你才能进步，一味的报怨，只会越来越糟。只有信心满满，才能在托福考试中正常发挥甚至是超常发挥，你托福116大牛一样。

通过上面的描述，相信大家都可以找到自己的备考方法，其中有一个很关键的问题就是词汇。有人曾把托福考试比做一艘船，说发动机配置就是我们英语的基础，油就好比是我们的词汇量，船身就相当于我们备考方法和技巧。所以没有油，或者说是油不够的话，我们的这艘船是很难驶向终点的。所以大家在备考托福考试的时候还是要更多踏踏实实自己背单词，然后配合一些技巧来做练习题，这才是最为扎实的备考方法。所以说想要托福考试取得高分，词汇备考才是王道。

托福阅读备考之长难句分析：平原和洼地

托福阅读长难句：平原和洼地

Flats and depressions where water cancollect are common features, but they make up only a small part of thelandscape.

记忆单词：

depression n.洼地;沮丧

landscape n.地貌

理解句子：

where引导的定语从句，修饰flats and depressions。

此句译文：

平原和洼地是水源聚集的共同地貌特征，但是它们只占地表的很小一部分。

托福阅读备考之长难句分析：动物生存能力

托福阅读长难句：动物生存能力

If it were not for this faculty, they would devour all the food available in short time and would probably starve themselves out of existence.

(虚拟语气)

【译句】如果不是具有这种能力，它们就会在短时间内吞掉所有能得到的食物，而且很可能会因饿死而灭绝。

分句1. If it were not for this faculty

分句2. they would devour all the food available in short time

分句3. would probably starve themselves out of existence

分句1 是虚拟语气的条件从句

分句2、3是并列关系，并且是主句。

托福阅读备考之长难句分析：守旧派小说

托福阅读长难句：守旧派小说

In a period characterized by the abandonment of so much of the realistic tradition by authors such as John Barth，Donald Barthelme，and Thomas Pynchon, Joyce Carol Oates has seemed at times determinedly old-fashioned in her insistence on the essentially mimetic quality of her fiction.

(特殊结构characterized by…——以…为特征)

【译句】尽管处于一个以抛弃大量现实主义传统(以作家约翰?巴思、唐纳德?巴塞尔姆和托马斯.品钦为代表)为特征的时代，乔伊斯?卡罗尔?欧茨因为坚持自己小说本质上模仿的特点，有时候看起来是一个坚定的守旧派。

分句1. characterized by the abandonment of so much of the realistic tradition by authors such as John Barth，Donald Barthelme，and Thomas Pynchon,

分句2. Joyce Carol Oates has seemed at times determinedly old-fashioned in her insistence OD the essentially mimetic quality of her fiction.

分句1 做时间状语“In a period”的后置定语，补充修饰period，相当于省略了 “which was”的定语从句。分句2 是主句。

整个句子的难点在于找主句。其实分句1的末尾是 “such as” 引导的三个人名的并列，在最后一个人名Thomas Pynchon前有“and”, 说明这个列举对象中的最后一个。所以整个句子的主干在T P 这个人后面出现。

篇2：托福如何获得100+

托福如何获得100+?做到这5步就可以了

第一步：通过官方网站上的新托福模考题目，了解考试界面、考试内容、考试要求。

第二步：根据网上模拟考试的反馈评估自己目前的水平和根据自己申请学校的时间要求，确定考试时间，然后尽快在教育部考试中心网站上注册报名 toefl.etest.net.cn/。

因为现在考试报名非常火爆，一定要提前报好名，否则很有可能报不到名;此外确定考试时间，也能给考生自己一定的时间压力，能够更好地坚定意志，提高备考效率。

第三步：根据自己的情况选择优秀的考试培训机构和考试辅导书籍，毕竟选择站在巨人肩膀上，实现成功会容易些。

第四步：为了符合新托福考试中integration (综合英语能力)考查的要求，我们应该采用英语专题学习法(类似于英语辩论赛的准备方式)去进行备考学习，并且我们规定每个专题用一个星期的时间去准备。为了说明什么是英语专题学习法，笔者将通过一个具体例子来说明。

1、我们选定一个托福考试中经常考查到的话题作为我们专题的名称，比如我们选定专题的名称为Addiction (癖好)。

2、进行Brain Storming (头脑风暴)的工作，思考日常生活中经常讨论到的癖好有哪些，各有什么特点，他们代表了什么生活方式，为什么会形成这样的癖好等问题。而这样的思考必须在5分钟内完成，并且在白纸上写下思考的要点。

这样做有助于帮助考生打开思路，学会思辨性考虑问题。中国考生在新托福口语和写作考试中遇到的最大问题就是面对提问，自己用中文都不知道怎么表达，其关键原因就在于平时缺乏这样的Brain Storming的训练。

例如，在这里我们就可以想到经常讨论到的癖好有Drug Addiction, Internet Addiction, Alcoholism, Compulsive Shopping, Compulsive eating, Compulsive gambling, Compulsive thieving, and Extreme Sports Addiction等。

3、强迫自己按照写下来的头脑风暴的要点，用英语做简短的20到30分钟的演讲，这样可以帮助自己发现很多的bottleneck (瓶颈)，比如单词上的，句式上的，表达方式上的和背景上的不足。

4、通过上面的推荐的备考材料以及Economist, Newsweek, Encyclopedia，VOA等资料去做关于Addiction相关内容的泛读、精读、泛听、精听的工作，并且把里面好的观点、缜密的论述前提和论据以及好的用词造句和表达方式通通摘录下来。

5、整理上面的资料用英文写一篇Summary (总结报告)，网上有的听力资源库和练习方法很不错，注意在Summary中使用你摘录的观点、论据和好的英语表达方式，并且把自己写的Summary背下来，对自己或朋友做一次相关英文的演讲。经过这样2个月的准备，笔者相信考生一定能在综合英语能力上有所突破。

第五步：每天坚持听30分钟的英语新闻并做关键词的Dictation(听写)，每天坚持看Economist这类外刊上的1篇文章，每天看诸如Harry Potter，Pride and Prejudice这样的英文小说一章并做Excerpt(摘录)，每天看2集诸如Friends或Sex and The City这样的情景喜剧并根据剧本学习其口语表达方式。每周学唱一首英文歌曲，每周看一部Disney的电影(如Princess Diaries)。这样才能全面了解美国的文化，帮助我们全面提高英语。

在托福考试和备考过程中，每一个前人积累的经验都可以拿来运用，关键是你要结合自身的特点，不断的吸收融合，这样才能达到最佳的效果。希望这些小编给大家带来的托福100+备考经验可以帮助到大家。最后，小编预祝大家托福考试能取得理想的成绩。

托福阅读真题原题+题目

The geology of the Earth's surface is dominated by the particular properties of water. Presenton Earth in solid, liquid, and gaseous states, water is exceptionally reactive. It dissolves,transports, and precipitates many chemical compounds and is constantly modifying the face ofthe Earth.

Evaporated from the oceans, water vapor forms clouds, some of which are transported bywind over the continents. Condensation from the clouds provides the essential agent ofcontinental erosion: rain. Precipitated onto the ground, the water trickles down to form brooks,streams, and rivers, constituting what are called the hydrographic network. This immensepolarized network channels the water toward a single receptacle: an ocean. Gravity dominatesthis entire step in the cycle because water tends to minimize its potential energy by running fromhigh altitudes toward the reference point, that is, sea level.

The rate at which a molecule of water passes though the cycle is not random but is a measureof the relative size of the various reservoirs. If we define residence time as the average time for awater molecule to pass through one of the three reservoirs — atmosphere, continent, and ocean— we see that the times are very different. A water molecule stays, on average, eleven days inthe atmosphere, one hundred years on a continent and forty thousand years in the ocean. Thislast figure shows the importance of the ocean as the principal reservoir of the hydrosphere butalso the rapidity of water transport on the continents.

A vast chemical separation process takes places during the flow of water over the continents.Soluble ions such as calcium, sodium, potassium, and some magnesium are dissolved andtransported. Insoluble ions such as aluminum, iron, and silicon stay where they are and form thethin, fertile skin of soil on which vegetation can grow. Sometimes soils are destroyed andtransported mechanically during flooding. The erosion of the continents thus results from twoclosely linked and interdependent processes, chemical erosion and mechanical erosion. Theirrespective interactions and efficiency depend on different factors.

1. The word modifying in line 4 is closest in meaning to

(A) changing

(B) traveling

(D) destroying

2. The word which in line 5 refers to

(A) clouds

(B) oceans

(D) compounds

3. According to the passage , clouds are primarily formed by water

(A) precipitating onto the ground

(B) changing from a solid to a liquid state

(D) being carried by wind

4. The passage suggests that the purpose of the hydrographic network (line 8) is to

(A) determine the size of molecules of water

(B) prevent soil erosion caused by flooding

(D) regulate the rate of water flow from streams and rivers

5. What determines the rate at which a molecule of water moves through the cycle, as discussed

in the third paragraph?

(A) The potential energy contained in water

(B) The effects of atmospheric pressure on chemical compounds

(D) The relative size of the water storage areas

6. The word rapidity in line 19 is closest in meaning to

(A) significance

(B) method

(D) reliability

7. The word they in line 24 refers to

(A) insoluble ions

(B) soluble ions

(D) continents

8. All of the following are example of soluble ions EXCEPT

(A) magnesium

(B) iron

(D) calcium

9. The word efficiency in line 27 is closest in meaning to

(A) relationship

(B) growth

(D) effectiveness

PASSAGE 2 AACCD CABD

托福阅读真题原题+题目

The Native Americans of northern California were highly skilled at basketry, using the reeds,grasses, barks, and roots they found around them to fashion articles of all sorts and sizes — notonly trays, containers, and cooking pots, but hats, boats, fish traps, baby carriers, and ceremonialobjects.

Of all these experts, none excelled the Pomo — a group who lived on or near the coast duringthe 1800's, and whose descendants continue to live in parts of the same region to this day. Theymade baskets three feet in diameter and others no bigger than a thimble. The Pomo people weremasters of decoration. Some of their baskets were completely covered with shell pendants;others with feathers that made the baskets' surfaces as soft as the breasts of birds. Moreover, thePomo people made use of more weaving techniques than did their neighbors. Most groups madeall their basketwork by twining — the twisting of a flexible horizontal material, called a weft,around stiffer vertical strands of material, the warp. Others depended primarily on coiling — aprocess in which a continuous coil of stiff material is held in the desired shape with tightwrapping of flexible strands. Only the Pomo people used both processes with equal ease andfrequency. In addition, they made use of four distinct variations on the basic twining process,often employing more than one of them in a single article.

Although a wide variety of materials was available, the Pomo people used only a few. Thewarp was always made of willow, and the most commonly used weft was sedge root, a woodyfiber that could easily be separated into strands no thicker than a thread. For color, the Pomopeople used the bark of redbud for their twined work and dyed bullrush root for black in coiledwork. Though other materials were sometimes used, these four were the staples in their finestbasketry.

If the basketry materials used by the Pomo people were limited, the designs were amazinglyvaried. Every Pomo basketmaker knew how to produce from fifteen to twenty distinct patternsthat could be combined in a number of different ways.

1. What best distinguished Pomo baskets

from baskets of other groups?

(A) The range of sizes, shapes, and designs

(B) The unusual geometric

(D) The rare materials used

2. The word fashion in line 2 is closest in meaning to

(A) maintain

(B) organize

(D) create

3. The Pomo people used each of the following materials to decorate baskets EXCEPT

(A) shells

(B) feathers

(D) bark

4. What is the author's main point in the second paragraph?

(A) The neighbors of the Pomo people tried to improve on the Pomo basket weaving techniques.

(B) The Pomo people were the most skilled basket weavers in their region.

(D) The Pomo baskets have been handed down for generations.

5. The word others in line 9 refers to

(A) masters

(B) baskets

(D) surfaces

6. According to the passage , a weft is a

(A) tool for separating sedge root

(B) process used for coloring baskets

(D) pattern used to decorate baskets

7. According to the passage , what did the Pomo people use as the warp in their baskets?

(A) bullrush

(B) willow

(D) redbud

8. The word article in line 17 is close in meaning to

(A) decoration

(B) shape

(D) object

9. According to the passage . The relationship between redbud and twining is most similar to the

relationship between

(A) bullrush and coiling

(B) weft and warp

(D) sedge and weaving

10. The word staples in line 23 is closest in meaning to

(A) combinations

(B) limitations

(D) basic elements

11. The word distinct in lime 26 is closest in meaning to

(A) systematic

(B) beautiful

(D) compatible

12. Which of the following statements about Pomo baskets can be best inferred from the

passage ?

(A) Baskets produced by other Native Americans were less varied in design than those of the

Pomo people.

(B) Baskets produced by Pomo weavers were primarily for ceremonial purposes.

(D) The basketmaking production of the Pomo people has increased over the years.

PASSAGE 3 BDCBB CBDAD CA

托福如何获得100+

篇3：托福听力满分大牛高分经历

【高分经验】托福听力满分大牛高分经历分享

做事都要遵循一个循序渐进的原则，听力的提高也不例外。如果一个英语基础一般的大学生直接用VOA来练听力，那多半是坚持不下来的--过高的强度会导致大脑的“罢工”，非常容易走神。我开始练习听力时是用老托福的听力材料，就那种1分多钟1篇的。这套音频的语速、内容都不算太难理解，而且有对应的文章可以看，听的时候发现自己哪里跟不上了可以马上停下来看文章。如果想同时练习写作的同学可以换成《托福高分作文》配套音频听。

等到老托福听力材料已经能听懂80%，就可以提高难度了。作为面向外国人的英语能力测试，老托福的语速、连读情况和真正美国人说话自然还是有差别。而在老托福的听力材料之后，我就直接强迫自己听VOAstandard。这个跨度很大，主要是因为我没能找到难度居于两者之间的听力材料。VOA的语速已经比新托福考试要快了，但其价值也正是如此。所谓“求其上上得其上”，如果把VOA都能听懂，还怕托福听力吗?但果不其然，初听VOA时我大脑出现了严重的“罢工”现象，常常没听几分钟就走神了。为了让自己集中注意力，我开始“听说”。下面要重点说一下“听说”。

此“听说”非彼“听说”。上过新东方的同学基本都听说过“听写”，这个方法拥有一大批拥护者。但我在尝试了几次后最终没有采用，一是因为很耗时间，二是因为过程很枯燥。如果有比较有决心的同学不妨一试。而我采用的方法是 “听说”--耳朵听到的英语嘴巴跟着说，哪怕没听懂也尽量模仿那种发音。因为有了大脑的这个反馈过程，这样做能让自己专注于所听的材料，走神现象有了很大的改善。而与“听写” 相比，这种方法花的时间较少，而且由于可以很快地听新内容而不是纠结于某个句子而一再重听，相比之下也没有那么枯燥。

不过我必须承认一点：直到考完托福，我听VOA也是很吃力的。我当时是下载十篇几分钟一段的VOAstandard，放到MP3里面反复听。第一遍往往只是听个大概，夸张一点说，就是抱着“寻宝”的态度去听--听着听着发现，“哟，这一句我能听懂唉!”然而反复听，第二遍，第三遍，第十遍.....今天听完明天继续，直到某天发现，这几篇报道的大意自己都明白了，就可以换一批新的了。注意，此时的“听明白”是个幻觉：我们只是能听明白这几篇文章，并不是说已经有听VOAstandard的听力水平了。换十篇新的VOA，第一遍依然听得很崩溃。然后再是第二遍，第三遍.....然后再换。

其实听力水平能听VOA后，已经足以应对托福考试了。但作为一个工科生，我对VOA的兴趣没有《科学美国人》大，于是又去下了许多《科学美国人》来听。《科学美国人》的语速更快，更有挑战性，而且有一个bonus：由于《科学美国人》的话题都是科学类的，对于理解托福中科学题材的文章、听力，甚至口语里的学科讲座部分也是有帮助的。

以上便是我复习听力的大致方法，肯定有不足之处，在此抛砖引玉，也希望能有同学能够提出更好、更系统化的复习意见!

最后再说一点临场发挥的问题：

我考过两次托福，第一次听力只有20分，第二次听力是30分，而之间只隔了一个月多一点。这一个月里我的英语水平并没有大幅度提高，这10分的差别绝大部分要归结于考试时的心态。记得有位老师讲过，大部分同学第一次考托福是考不好的。他的理由是，之前中国学生的考试都是在纸上完成，第一次真正用电脑答卷，还是这么重要的考试，自然心态会比平时差。(当然，即将第一次考托福的同学也不要泄气，谁说你就不可以成为minority呢?)我第一次考托福时，尽管准备得挺充分，但仍然很紧张。阅读做完时整个人都已经懵了--事后证明我的紧张很多余，那次托福阅读我拿了满分--再做下面的听力一个劲地在出冷汗，直到中间的10分钟休息，我才调整好状态。

而第二次考托福时，我便不断给自己积极的自我暗示，而且在考场上节奏掌握得很好。做过官方真题Official 的同学应该知道托福考试听力部分的时间安排，每三篇听力材料一共给10分钟作答。但实际上，如果听力材料理解得够好，笔记也做够了，我们答题的时间大概只需要6分钟。这多余的4分钟跳过吗?不是，应该用它来休息，而且是把它分成三份来休息：打完这篇听力材料的最后一道题，休息一分钟，再点next按钮进入新的听力。有了这一分钟的休息，再做下一篇听力感觉会十分不一样。托福考试持续4个小时，中间只有10分钟的休息时间，对体力是个很大的考验。如果能掌握好节奏，利用中间的各个小段时间给自己一个短暂的放松，相信对大家的临场发挥会有极大的帮助。

托福阅读素材之教父经典台词

1.Let your friends underrate your advantage,while let your enemies overrate your disadvantage.

让朋友低估你的优点，让敌人高估你的缺点。

2.Don’t hate your enemy, or you will make wrong judgment.

不要憎恨你的敌人,那会影响你的判断力.

3.To be close to your friend, but closer to your enemy.

离你的朋友近些，但离你的敌人要更近，这样你才能更了解他。

4.Don’t let anybody know what you are thinking.

迈克对文森特说：永远不要让任何人知道你心里在想什么!

5.Only don’t tell me you’re innocent. It insults my intelligence, makes me very angry.

这个世界本身就没有所谓的清白而言，你能坦言，你从来就没说过慌，这是自欺欺人

6.I’m gonna make him an offer he can’t refuse.

我将给他一个他无法拒绝的理由/条件.

7.A person is only one destiny.

一个人只有一个命运。

8.Do you spend time with your family? Good. Because a man that doesn’t spend time with his family can never be a real man.

你花时间和你的家人在一起吗? 我当然有. 很好!不照顾家人的男人,根本算不上是个真正的男人!

9.Great people are not born with the great, but in the process of growing up show its great.

伟大的人不是生下来就伟大的，而是在成长过程中显示其伟大的。

10.If a person is very generous, then he must behave himself an emotional generosity.

如果一个人很慷慨，那他就必须把自己的慷慨表现得充满感情——马里傲普佐原文

11.Friendship can build a solid defense.

友谊可以筑起一道坚实的防线。

12.If you think I do not know the truth and that is an insult to my intelligence.

如果你认为我不知道其中的真相,那就是在侮辱我的智慧。

13.It’s not personal,it’s business.

不要把私人的感情带到商界。

14.I spent my whole life trying not to be careless. Women and children can be careless. But not men.

我费了一生的精力,让自己变得十分谨慎 ,女人和小孩能够粗心大意 ,但男人不行.

15. I never would impose no need of friendship Friendship – think my insignificant person.

我绝不会把友谊强加给不需要友谊——认为我无足轻重的人。

16.A matter of seconds to see the nature of people and spend half my life is also unclear one thing to see the nature of man, nature is not the same fate.

在一秒钟内看到本质的人和花半辈子也看不清一件事本质的人,自然是不一样的命运.

17.A man who is not a father will never be a real man.

不顾家庭的男人不是真正的男人。

18.If anything in this life is certain, if history has taught us anything, it is that you can kill anyone.

如果生活告诉了我们什么，历史教育了我们什么，那就是你可以杀了任何人。

19. This book will leave about two things: First, your name, then there are your brains …

这张和约书上会留下两样东西：一是你的名字，再就是你的脑浆……

20.So, love somebody else.

那么，去爱一些其他人吧。

托福阅读备考的应对策略

一、为什么会有加试?

托福考试的加试题目主要是ETS的测试题目，测试的目的是检验这道题目是否适合大多数考生的水平。因为ETS在选题的时候很谨慎，否则就会影响考生的答题效果。所以ETS在添加新题目之前，都会进行测试。

二、变化的托福阅读

3月4日，托福考试阅读发生了重大变化，托福考试首次出现了ABC三卷组合，也就是说一个考场的考生考了3套不同的考题，而且还是新题旧题拼盘的组合。

不仅如此，托福考试加试基本都是阅读加试，而且3套考卷的加试内容也是不同的。值得一提的是，加试的内容不再是经典加试，都是新的文章。

继3月4号之后，3月11号的考试，托福阅读不仅出现了ABC三套题目的情况，而且考试界面也由原来的绛紫色变为天青色，证明托福在20要从形式到内容上来一次改革。

三、不变的托福阅读

知己知彼，方能百战不殆。虽然托福阅读诸多变化，但是我们不能乱，先看看我们能掌握的内容。

1、题型不变。之前的做题方法依然有效，即使有强迫症的同学，也没必要把一篇文章读完才去做题，读一段解决一段内包含的题目也是一个上策。

2、词汇题。好多考生在上考场前心心念的就是词汇题，我们之前反复和学生强调过，认真整理TPO中考过的词汇，80%以上都是出自TPO的。考过的学生自己可以去验证。还有就是强烈推荐大家去背四级词汇，很有帮助。

3、篇章话题没变。经过TPO的总结，我们知道考题无外乎就是天文，地理，历史，生物，考古，化学，人物传记，人文文化等话题，而3月4号和11号这两次托福阅读“微改革”在篇章话题上仍然在我们的总结的范围内，所以考生们要稳住。

四、我们怎么应对托福阅读的“微改革”?

1、打好基础。ETS和CB为什么频繁改革，相信各位考生都清楚。所以大家不要相信所谓的压题班，更不要临时抱佛脚，要相信提高自己的实力才是正解。单词不行，就认真背单词;语法不好，就努力学语法;做题速度慢，就找方法提升速度。我相信没有什么努力是解决不了的难题。

2、认真对待TPO，尤其是学会分学科来练习。做TPO至少是两种收获。一种是自己正常做题，感受考题;二是自己在内容上的收获。根据对阅读考试真题的分析，我们知道阅读的考题话题就是固定的几个模块，如果我们能够掌握大概的说明内容，那么对文章的理解和做题速度一定会事倍功半的。比如有的同学了解寄生的知识，那么考寄生生物的篇章就变的容易。

3、心态的准备。我很少抱怨，因为抱怨解决不了问题。很多同学一听说CB和ETS改革，就各种抱怨，但是我们终归还是要去学习的。既然我们改变不了ETS，改变不了CB,那就改变自己吧。改变自己不背单词的毛病，改变自己不愿意刷题的毛病，改变自己的不正确的做题思路。

4、耐心的准备。有好多学生做题的时候没有耐心，第一篇阅读还好，第二篇阅读挣扎，第三篇阅读的时候干脆祈求考试快点结束。由于阅读加试不一定是经典加试，而且加试又是不确定四篇中的哪一篇，所以四篇阅读都得认真做，也就是阅读时间变成了80分钟。所以希望考生保持良好的耐心，认真答题。

总而言之，根据3月份的两场考试以及年第一季度的托福阅读考试情况来看，阅读确实是有变难的趋势，无论是考题内容还是形式。但是我们要做到做题稳，做题准，做题狠!始终要相信，对手的强大就是为了让我们自己变得更加强大。

加试题都是ETS新题的测试，加试题的变化反应了未来ETS出题的方向。这个周末(3月25日)的托福考试又会是怎样的?希望同学们在之后备考的时候一定要注意这点，也祝愿大家都拿到自己理想的托福成绩!

篇4：托福口语高分如何获得

托福口语高分如何获得?详解29分口语备考方法

托福口语考试的基础：

——听力。原理大家都知道。想提一下练习时候的重点，和练听力不一样。不建议用SA60s练口语中的听力，一些美剧有日常对话的更合适些，注意听他们是怎么把一个想法变成spoken English的，简言之就是学会用英语思考。多看些片子我觉得对于培养语感很重要，特别是你会不知不觉地也想用英文表达自己想法的时候，OK!(即使是很简单的也行)。FRIENDS最经典拉，我超喜欢的。另外，听得时候注意语音语调、句子顿挫什么的。这样别人听你说的内容就更容易理解了。

有关口音等等：

不得不承认正确的发音，断句，声调降调等对于rater听你的回答有准确的判断作用。关于这个，可以看看美剧，知道哪种语气有什么隐含意义(顺便这个对于做听力的语气题也比较有帮助)。

托福考试口语用到的复习资料：

DELTA的口语题我觉得是最有价值的，虽然有点难。练习两三遍不为过。有些题第二遍也说不好滴。

不推荐新东方口语特训那本书，crap

托福考试口语机经，第一二题的尤其。

185作文题库

托福口语练习的时候：

一定要录下来，这样才会有紧迫感。

录下来之后可以让别人帮忙听听，发音什么的。

第一二题可以看看别人总结的提纲以及机井和185作文题库，照着提纲一题题讲过来。建议强度大些，考前几天若能把全部机井都过一遍，那肯定讲起来自信多了，倒不是说会押中多少题。

如何组织你的回答：

一二题，先topicsentence说主旨，不要兜圈子。然后说分论点，一般2个比较合适，否则会展开得不够。尽量往具体的地方说，别准备那些个名人轶事了(写作我都不甚推荐)。其实呢这个觉得和陶瓷有点相似啊，你不能光说我喜欢这个公园因为它很漂亮。说说有什么特色的东西，别处少有的。总结要不要说取决于剩下的时间。

有reading的题目，先用一句话概括reading内容，校园对话比较简单。Lecture的话尽量选择有概念、定义、分类的。然后省略。。。

说下托福口语考试中的偷听：

因为我不喜欢写模版，所以考试当天的时候，中间10分钟就出去走了一下，一个人对着小庭院说了个自己熟悉的段子(我到得早，只有我一个人发神经~)，这个时候感觉自信多了，就继续了。所以我建议，相信自己水平的人，不要把那10分钟用在偷听和写模版上。先说个我同学的悲惨案例，她偷听到某人的第一题答案，结果和题目不一样~15秒准备就愣在那里了。所以~

如何创造使用托福口语考试模版：

然后说模版，其实口语的模版不外乎 conversation里讲了什么，lecture围绕什么，中间展开，结尾conclusion一下，相信大家都不会忘记的。模版别套别人的，口语一紧张就全忘了。

没有讲完的话，影响有多大?

我第四题没有讲完，是一整个point都没有讲。恩，最后结果还不错了。可见若在已讲的部分组织好条理还是比较重要的。也不用看到没时间了就拼命加快语速。OG上有一句话很重要：learn to pace yourself!

根据高分牛人的经验，同学们可以自己调整口语练习的步调与方法。

以上就是小编为大家带来的托福口语29分高分经验，大家可以从中找到适合自己的方法，这样你的托福口语备考才能见到成效。最后，小编预祝大家托福考试能取得理想的成绩。

托福阅读真题原题+题目

Long before they can actually speak, babies pay special attention to the speech they hear around them. Within the first month of their lives, babies' responses to the sound of the human voice will be different from their responses to other sorts of auditory stimuli. They will stop crying when they hear a person talking, but not if they hear a bell or the sound of a rattle. At first, the sounds that an infant notices might be only those words that receive the heaviest emphasis and that often occur at the ends of utterances. By the time they are six or seven weeks old, babies can detect the difference between syllables pronounced with rising and falling inflections. Very soon, these differences in adult stress and intonation can influence babies' emotional states and behavior. Long before they develop actual language comprehension, babies can sense when an adult is playful or angry, attempting to initiate or terminate new behavior, and so on, merely on the basis of cues such as the rate, volume, and melody of adult speech.

Adults make it as easy as they can for babies to pick up a language by exaggerating such cues. One researcher observed babies and their mothers in six diverse cultures and found that, in all six languages, the mothers used simplified syntax, short utterances and nonsense sounds, and transformed certain sounds into baby talk. Other investigators have noted that when mothers talk to babies who are only a few months old, they exaggerate the pitch, loudness, and intensity of their words. They also exaggerate their facial expressions, hold vowels longer, and emphasize certain words.

More significant for language development than their response to general intonation is observation that tiny babies can make relatively fine distinctions between speech sounds. In other words, babies enter the world with the ability to make precisely those perceptual discriminations that are necessary if they are to acquire aural language.

Babies obviously derive pleasure from sound input, too: even as young as nine months they will listen to songs or stories, although the words themselves are beyond their understanding. For babies, language is a sensory-motor delight rather than the route to prosaic meaning that it often is for adults.

1. What does the passage mainly discuss?

(A) How babies differentiate between the sound of the human voice and other sounds

(B) The differences between a baby's and an adult's ability to comprehend language

development

(D) The response of babies to sounds other than the human voice

2. Why does the author mention a bell and a rattle in lines 4-5?

(A) To contrast the reactions of babies to human and nonhuman sounds

(B) To give examples of sounds that will cause a baby to cry

(D) To give examples of typical toys that babies do not like

3. Why does the author mention syllables pronounced with rising and falling inflections in lines

7-8?

(A) To demonstrate how difficult it is for babies to interpret emotions

(B) To illustrate that a six-week-old baby can already distinguish some language differences

(D) To give a reason for babies' difficulty in distinguishing one adult from another

4. The word diverse in line 14 is closest in meaning to

(A) surrounding

(B) divided

(D) stimulating

5. The word noted in line 17 is closest in meaning to

(A) theorized

(B) requested

(D) observed

6. The word They in line 18 refers to

(A) mothers

(B) investigators

(D) words

7. The passage mentions all of the following as ways adults modify their speech when talking to

babies EXCEPT

(A) giving all words equal emphasis

(B) speaking with shorter sentences

(D) using meaningless sounds

8. The word emphasize in line 19 is closest in meaning to

(A) stress

(B) repeat

(D) leave out

9. Which of the following can be inferred about the findings described in paragraph 2?

(A) Babies who are exposed to more than one language can speak earlier than babies exposed to

a single language.

(B) Mothers from different cultures speak to their babies in similar ways.

(D) The mothers observed by the researchers were consciously teaching their babies to speak.

10. What point does the author make to illustrate that babies are born with the ability to acquire

language?

(A) Babies begin to understand words in songs.

(B) Babies exaggerate their own sounds and expressions.

(D) Babies notice even minor differences between speech sounds.

11. According to the author, why do babies listen to songs and stories, even though they cannot

understand them?

(A) They understand the rhythm.

(B) They enjoy the sound.

(D) They focus on the meaning of their parents' words.

PASSAGE 66 CABCD AAABD B

托福阅读真题原题+题目

In the North American colonies, red ware, a simple pottery fired at low temperatures, and stone ware, a strong, impervious grey pottery fired at high temperatures, were produced from two different native clays. These kinds of pottery were produced to supplement imported European pottery. When the American Revolution (1775-1783) interrupted the flow of the superior European ware, there was incentive for American potters to replace the imports with comparable domestic goods. Stoneware, which had been simple, utilitarian kitchenware, grew increasingly ornate throughout the nineteenth century, and in addition to the earlier scratched and drawn designs, three-dimensional molded relief decoration became popular. Representational motifs largely replaced the earlier abstract decorations. Birds and flowers were particularly evident, but other subjects — lions, flags, and clipper ships — are found. Some figurines, mainly of dogs and lions, were made in this medium. Sometimes a name, usually that of the potter, was die-stamped onto a piece.

As more and more large kilns were built to create the high-fired stoneware, experiments revealed that the same clay used to produce low-fired red ware could produce a stronger, paler pottery if fired at a hotter temperature. The result was yellow ware, used largely for serviceable items; but a further development was Rockingham ware — one of the most important American ceramics of the nineteenth century. (The name of the ware was probably derived from its resemblance to English brown-glazed earthenware made in South Yorkshire.) It was created by adding a brown glaze to the fired clay, usually giving the finished product a mottled appearance. Various methods of spattering or sponging the glaze onto the ware account for the extremely wide variations in color and add to the interest of collecting Rockingham. An advanced form of Rockingham was flint enamel, created by dusting metallic powders onto the Rockingham glaze to produce brilliant varicolored streaks. Articles for nearly every household activity and ornament could be bought in Rockingham ware: dishes and bowls, of course; also bedpans, foot warmers, cuspidors, lamp bases, doorknobs, molds, picture frames, even curtain tiebacks. All these items are highly collectible today and are eagerly sought. A few Rockingham specialties command particular affection among collectors and correspondingly high prices.

1. Why did the potters discussed in the passage change the kind of pottery they made?

A) They discovered a new kind of clay.

B) They were compensation for the loss of an overseas supplier.

C) They studied new techniques in Europe.

D) The pottery they had been producing was not very strong.

2. The word ornate in line 7 is closest in meaning to

A) elaborate

B) puzzling

C) durable

D) common

3. The passage suggests that the earliest stoneware

A) was decorated with simple, abstract designs

B) used three-dimensional decorations

C) was valued for its fancy decorations

D) had no decoration

4. How did yellow ware achieve its distinctive color?

A) by sponging on a glaze

B) by dusting on metallic powders

C) by brown-glazing

D) by firing at a high temperature

5. The phrase derived from in line 19 is closest in meaning to

A) ruined by

B) warned against

C) based on

D) sold by

6. The word It in line 20 refers to

A) red ware

B) yellow ware

C) Rockingham ware

D) English brown-glazed earthenware

7. The word Various in line 21 is closest in meaning to

A) complicated

B) accepted

C) careful

D) different

8. The phrase account for in line 22 is closest in meaning to

A) explain

B) restrict

C) finance

D) supplement

9. What was special about flint enamel?

A) its even metallic shine

B) its mottled appearance

C) its spattered effect

D) its varicolored streaks

10. Which of the following kinds of Rockingham ware were probably produced in the greatest

quantity?

A) picture frames

B) dishes and bowls

C) curtain tiebacks

D) doorknobs

11. The passage would most probably continue with a discussion of

A) what bedpans, foot warmers, and cuspidors were used for

B) well-known, modern-day potters who make Rockingham ware

C) examples of Rockingham ware that collectors especially want

D) pieces of Rockingham ware that are inexpensive in today's market

PASSAGE 68 BAADC CDADB C

篇5：托福高分经验如何获得

托福高分经验如何获得?备考思路很重要

1、非牛人也可有牛人分

英语如果想学好，一定是一个长期过程嘛。平时的积累对我这次的成绩应该说影响最大。我认为我不是一个牛人，也不是神人，我只是一个很普通很普通奋斗在出国路上的女生罢了。一直认为没有什么行不行的问题，只有想不想。如果自己不想，然后不努力，得不到回报就不该去抱怨分数太低。只有考过的才知道到底有多辛苦，为了缩短这种辛苦时间，只有努力啦。坚持下来的原因其实很多，最重要的是我觉得年轻不挑战一下自己老了就后悔了。选择了这条路走不下去就太丢人了。青春不拿来奋斗就是浪费。而且，比自己厉害N倍的人都在努力，我就没有资格不努力了。

2、考前水平与复习后的水平对比总结

准备托福前，我考过四级，六级，以及专业四级(63分)。自认为英语基础还算比较扎实，但是正在当我第一次接触到托福考试的时候，我觉得以前学得很多东西其实都是虚的，比如口语，最明显。中式教育下，都是哑巴英语。说不出来是我复习前遇到最大的一个问题。复习之后，我发现我可以把输入转化为输出，最起码，和学习留学生交流起来没有问题了。

3、对四六级成绩与托福成绩的关系的看法

我之前英语水平四级586，六级也592。我觉得四六级和GT考试不在一个考察层面上吧，国内考试出题风格上和GT或者雅思都不同。如果说帮助，只能说可以通过四六级对词汇有个掌握吧。四六级考试成绩好坏跟将来托福考试成绩没太大关系。当然如果练四级都过不了，托福当然分数也高不了了。

词汇篇：

1、背单词重复是王道

我这每天1000 得背都是在对单词有个认知度，因为我觉得一天不背单词，单词就会陌生好多。只有每天看才能记住。不断重复遍数才能越背越快。

2、利用高科技——APP

我就是刚开始按照每天规定的量背。争取背两遍。用普通模式背，背到第三遍的时候用新出来的选词模式再选一次。把自己假象背会的单词筛选出来。然后我背T单词之前把四级的全部过了一遍。每天1000 是在我已经对这些单词过了10 遍之后才能这么快得背了。我背四级的时候用选词模式背最快一个list五分钟过完一遍。

3、每天按照计划，利用零碎的时间早中晚坚持背单词

我一般早上起来背一小时。中午背一小时。晚上睡前背一小时到两小时。背单词是一个不断重复的过程，背单词重复的遍数够多，以后会越背越快，越背越顺。

阅读篇：

1、功夫在平时

阅读靠的是平时阅读量的积累吧。还有一些对题型研究之后得出的小技巧。

阅读要做好，词汇是第一，语法第二，技巧第三。

2、做完题目，对答案，再做精读分析

我刚开始接触托福阅读的时候会做精读。就是先做完一遍然后对答案，对完再精读全文。分析句子结果等。然后再针对错题做一个分析以及分析错误选项

3、每天10个句子分析，坚持30天句子分析

语法我用过朗播的托福句子分析套餐, 有需要自己可以去看看，我用过一个月的套餐。一个月的套餐，每天十句的样子。我觉得坚持做100句就有一个很明显的提高了。针对句子结果有了更清楚地认识。比直接看语法书效果好很多。对理解句子意思帮助很大。还有对分析句子的主干也很有帮助。尤其经过训练之后，可以提高阅读速度。因为可以很快分析出主干意思来了。一看一个句子就知道句子成分是怎样了。所以如果有订这个套餐的同学，一定得坚持做。效果一定有的。

补充问题：考场技巧

我建议大家九点左右的样子到考场，到考场之后把一些机经口语一二题再看一遍，还有经典加试题再看一遍。九点半开始检录信息入场了。进了考场可以把自己的模版在心里默念一遍，然后把心静下来准备好考试了。中间休息时段建议吃点补充能量的东西，这样才能保证自己后阶段考试的精力。保持好心态，心态是也是备考过程的一部分。

写作篇：

推荐思路

1、如何解决不知道怎么写的问题

我觉得写作真是一个长期过程。尤其是用词的准确地道。一定得积累。写作的话我可能之前考了GRE，所以对我写作能力有个提高了。我会随身带一个本子，里面我会记下我在看电影，看书，做阅读等等过程中遇到我觉得说得很地道的句子。然后写作的时候我就会去翻看。

2、如何解决不知道写什么的问题

托福作文的头脑风暴都是在朗播做完的，那是我思路的源泉。人多力量大，想的观点和例子也多样化。用过模仿造句。也积累了蛮多句型呢。我是一个蛮爱按计划走的人。所以套餐里面的任务我每天都会完成。

3、考场技巧

这个和托福考试差不多，一上来就是写作，所以大脑一定得清楚，可以进考场前再把自己的模板背一背看一看。数学部分一般我们都有时间多，所以我觉得可以检查完之后好好休息一下，等35分钟结束之后再跳入下一个section的考试，给自己大脑一个放松的时间。

听力篇：

推荐思路

1、如何解决听不清

那个单词听写蛮好的!推荐听力不好的同学使用啊。对词的敏感度的一个训练。

2、如何解决听不懂

听不到有很多问题，是词不懂还是逻辑不懂。词的话建议先把lecture部分学科分类词汇的发音和拼写都背下来，这样就不怕lecture时候碰见不知道的单词了。逻辑不懂我觉得可以再之前练习过程中加入分析错误选项的训练。可以很快的排除干扰项。

3、考场技巧

做笔记，这个可以按照自己的习惯，只用写自己看得懂的符号或者词即可。

口语篇：

推荐思路

1、复习材料

黄金口语80题还有官方真题Official

2、练习方法

其次和我考前的纠音以及对题型的分析有关吧。我口语前两次都22和23分。只达到一个平均分的分数上。离这一次考试中间这相隔的七个月，我平时会注重一些纠音练习，考前20狂练了100小时左右吧。

3、考场技巧

口语我觉得首先考试的时候一定得自信。不自信说得肯定磕磕绊绊了。时间就来不及了。

以上就是托福117分高分者的经验分享以及备考时用到的一些资料，相信对大家托福备考有一个很好的参考作用。最后，小编预祝大家托福考试能取得理想的成绩。

托福阅读真题原题+题目

The Homestead Act of 1862 gave heads of families or individuals aged twenty-one or older the right to own 160 acres of public land in the western United States after five years of residence and improvement. This law was intended to provide land for small farmers and to prevent land from being bought for resale at a profit or being owned by large landholders. An early amendment to the act even prevented husbands and wives from filing separate claims. The West, land reformers had assumed, would soon contain many 160-acre family farms.

They were doomed to disappointment. Most landless Americans were too poor to become farmers even when they could obtain land without cost. The expense of moving a family to the ever-receding frontier exceeded the means of many, and the cost of tools, draft animals, a wagon, a well, fencing, and of building the simplest house, might come to $1,000 — a formidable barrier. As for the industrial workers for whom the free land was supposed to provide a safety valve, they had neither the skills nor the inclination to become farmers. Homesteaders usually came from districts not far removed from frontier conditions. And despite the intent of the law, speculators often managed to obtain large tracts. They hired people to stake out claims, falsely swear that they had fulfilled the conditions laid down in the law for obtaining legal title, and then deed the land over to their employers.

Furthermore, 160 acres were not enough for raising livestock or for the kind of commercial agriculture that was developing west of the Mississippi. The national government made a feeble attempt to make larger holdings available to homesteaders by passing the Timber Culture Act of 1873, which permitted individuals to claim an additional 160 acres if they would agree to plant a quarter of it in trees within ten years. This law proved helpful to some farmers in the largely treeless states of Kansas, Nebraska, and the Dakotas. Nevertheless, fewer than 25 percent of the 245,000 who took up land under the Act obtained final title to the property.

1. Which aspect of the Homestead Act of 1862 does the passage mainly discuss?

(A) How it transformed the western United States into a place of small farms

(B) Why it was an improvement over previous attempts at land reform

(D) How it failed in the largely treeless states of Kansas, Nebraska, and the Dakotas

2. An amendment added to the Homestead Act of 1862 specified that

(A) five years of residence was required for landownership

(B) husbands and wives could not file separate claims

(D) land could not be resold for a profit

3. The word formidable in line 12 is closest in meaning to

(A) obvious

(B) predictable

(D) manageable

4. It can be inferred that the safety valve in line 13 refers to

(A) a new kind of machinery

(B) an alternative for urban workers

(D) a procedure designed to protect workers

5. The word intent in line 15 is closest in meaning to

(A) purpose

(B) power

(D) invention

6. According to the passage , why did the government pass the Timber Culture Act of 1873?

(A) to make larger tracts of land available to small farmers

(B) to settle Kansas, Nebraska, and the Dakotas

(D) to increase the variety of trees growing in the western states

7. The word they in line 23 refers to

(A) larger holdings

(B) individuals

(D) trees

8. According to the passage , how many of the farmers who settled land under the Timber

Culture Act of 1873 received final title to the property?

(A) fewer than 25%

(B) more than 160

(D) 245,000

9. The passage mentions all of the following as reasons the Homestead Act of 1862 did not

achieve its aims EXCEPT:

(A) Most landless Americans could not afford the necessary tools and provisions.

(B) Industrial workers lacked the necessary farming skills.

(D) Homesteaders usually came from areas relatively close to the frontier.

10. Which of the following can be inferred from the passage about the Timber Culture Act of

1873?

(A) It especially helped farmers with large holdings of land.

(B) It was most important to farmers living in states that had plenty of trees.

(D) The majority of farmers did not need the extra 160 acres it provided.

PASSAGE 96 CBCDA ABACC

托福阅读真题原题+题目

Pheromones are substances that serve as chemical signals between members of the same species. They are secreted to the outside of the body and cause other individuals of the species to have specific reactions. Pheromones, which are sometimes called social hormones, affect a group of individuals somewhat like hormones do an individual animal. Pheromones are the predominant medium of communication among insects (but rarely the sole method). Some species have simple pheromone systems and produce only a few pheromones, but others produce many with various functions. Pheromone systems are the most complex in some of the so-called social insects, insects that live in organized groups.

Chemical communication differs from that by sight or sound in several ways. Transmission is relatively slow (the chemical signals are usually airborne), but the signal can be persistent, depending upon the volatility of the chemical, and is sometimes effective over a very long range. Localization of the signal is generally poorer than localization of a sound or visual stimulus and is usually effected by the animal's moving upwind in response to the stimulus. The ability to modulate a chemical signal is limited, compared with communication by visual or acoustic means, but some pheromones may convey different meanings and consequently result in different behavioral or physiological responses, depending on their concentration or when presented in combination. The modulation of chemical signals occurs via the elaboration of the number of exocrine glands that produce pheromones. Some species, such as ants, seem to be very articulate creatures, but their medium of communication is difficult for humans to study and appreciate because of our own olfactory, insensitivity and the technological difficulties in detecting and analyzing these pheromones. Pheromones play numerous roles in the activities of insects. They may act as alarm substances, play a role in individual and group recognition, serve as attractants between sexes, mediate the formation of aggregations, identify foraging trails, and be involved in caste determination. For example, pheromones involved in caste determination include the queen substance produced by queen honey bees. Aphids, which are particularly vulnerable to predators because of their gregarious habits and sedentary nature, secrete an alarm pheromone when attacked that causes nearby aphids to respond by moving away.

1. What does the passage mainly discuss?

(A) How insects use pheromones to communicate

(B) How pheromones are produced by insects

(D) The different uses of pheromones among various insect species

2. The word serve in line 1 is closest in meaning to

(A) improve

(B) function

(D) rely

3. The purpose of the second mention of hormones in line 4 is to point out

(A) chemical signals that are common among insects

(B) specific responses of various species to chemical signals

(D) how insects produce different chemical substances

4. The word sole in line 6 is closest in meaning to

(A) obvious

(B) best

(D) final

5. The passage suggests that the speed at which communication through pheromones occurs is

dependent on how quickly they

(A) lose their effectiveness

(B) evaporate in the air

(D) are produced by the body

6. According to the passage , the meaning of a message communicated through a pheromone

may vary when the

(A) chemical structure of the pheromone is changed

(B) pheromone is excreted while other pheromones are also being excreted

(D) pheromone is released near certain specific organisms

7. The word detecting in line 23 is closest in meaning to

(A) controlling

(B) storing

(D) finding

8. According to paragraph 2, which of the following has made the study of pheromones difficult?

(A) Pheromones cannot be easily reproduced in chemical laboratories.

(B) Existing technology cannot fully explore the properties of pheromones.

(D) Pheromone signals are constantly changing.

9. The word They in line 24 refers to

(A) pheromones

(B) roles

(D) insects

10. The word sedentary in line 29 is closest in meaning to

(A) inactive

(B) inefficient

(D) unbalanced

11. Pheromone systems are relatively complex in insects that

(A) also communicate using sight and sound

(B) live underground

(D) live in organized groups

PASSAGE 95 ABCCB ADBAAD

篇6：108分托福复习计划

机经：目前新托福的题还不是很多，所以机经就显得格外珍贵了。而且从统计数据来看，考到机经的几率并不是没有。因此建议大家好好利用机经，可以抱着一种有备无患的心理，但也不要把希望全部压在碰到机经上，提升自己实力才是王道。

复习材料：OG 是考托必备，我觉得它可以用于整个复习阶段，而且这本书最好是仔细阅读，看的次数越多越好，关键性语句要能烂熟于心。我个人很喜欢DELTA，尤其是听力部分，我觉得非常好。因为我最后复习时间不够，口语和作文部分我都没怎么用，所以对这两部分我没什么评价权。但至少就我所做过的阅读和听力而言，它是最为贴近ETS思路的。但要注意的是，这本书的阅读题目有些简单，而且它的听力属于材料很难但题目不难的那种类型，有好多次我都是没怎么听懂但凭常识还是把答案猜对了，这和真题不太一样。如果有时间的话，还可以做一做旧托的听力和阅读，尤其是后的题目。就我自身体验来说，我听力水平真正质的提高靠的不是其他，就是旧托听力题，它比新托真题要快，而且语音语调各方面都不错，拿来做口语跟读也很好。

辅导班：很多人说它没用，我不这么认为。因为在刚刚开始准备托福的时候，都会无从下手，需要有老师给出一个提纲式的复习方案，至少我是这样，而且考前真的多亏了当时做的笔记。

阅读：阅读能力的提高不是一朝一夕的事，但坚持一个月、几个月必然会有阶段性的飞跃。我在备考时的练习量就是每天4-6篇新托阅读，三篇旧托，收到了不错的效果。在考试时，阅读时间确实有些紧，我的做题方法就是先把第一段和其他段的第一句看一下，对文章有个大概印象，然后直接按文章顺序边看文章边做题。

听力：我的听力复习材料首先是旧托题目，此外我用的是DELTA，它的文章较有学术性，也挺有意思的。我的顺序是先做题、对答案，然后不看原文听两遍，接着对着原文再听一遍，并且一边听一边把自己没听懂的词用红笔划下来，其实我把这些词划下来也并不是指望以后还会再听或再看，就是起着提醒自己的作用，看看究竟自己在哪些词上存在问题。这样多做几篇，就可以很明显发现自己听不懂的词越来越少了，我觉得还是很见成效的。

写作：作文的复习就用原来的题库绰绰有余了，因为那185道已经涉及了方方面面。准备时先列出每段的主旨，再展开来写。建议最好能把论证的逻辑写下来，有助于自己梳理思路，最后再查资料。

篇7：108分托福复习计划

TOEFL考试，对每一个考生来说，都是一种耐心和坚持的过程。我参加托福[微博]考试的体会是：取得高分不是很难的事情，但是，你必须具备坚实的英语基础和勤奋刻苦的学习态度和一定的技巧，在加上培训班老师的精心指导就可以做到。

在备考初期，要多背单词，加大词汇量的掌握，强化对词汇的记忆。同时，通过做题来积累更深层次的词汇。在做阅读和听力联系时，将文中不熟悉的词汇摘录下来对照背诵，这样既加深了对词汇的印象，同时也提高了阅读和听力练习的质量。

口语方面，首先确保模板烂熟于心，其次是要认真倾听，将内容安进模板中。我的方法就是一定要张开口，上课时尽量用英语与同学和老师交流，在学校里碰到留学生，主动与他们用英语交流，提高自己“说话”和“听话”的能力。

对于听力，我的经验是，熟能生巧。听力的优势在写作和口语中能起到重要作用，因此练好听力是事关全局的大事。抓住所有可利用的时间，以听原题为主，反复听，选一些对话和段子进行背诵，提高耳朵的敏感性和大脑的反应速度。有时间也看一些原声电影，原声电影大都带有字幕，在训练听力的同时还可以顺便练一下阅读。练习听力时要注意力高度集中，让自己完全沉浸在那个语言环境中，这样才能提高效率。

语法方面，语法是抓分的，也是容易丢分的。以语法老师的笔记为知识点基础，反复背，反复记，将基础的知识点掌握到烂熟于心，看到题目马上就能反应。多做练习题目，然后把自己所有做错的题目都汇总，反复“回放”，强化记忆。

至于阅读，先看题再看原文的方法及种种技巧是很实用的。反复研究如何快速从原文中找关键词和答案句有利于提高阅读速度。其次，必须要在电脑上练习，而且要循序渐进地提高速度。由于题型很固定，通过不断地练习，可以总结出做题技巧，见效很快。

最后是作文，要早一点开始准备。先把题库里的题目进行分类，自己将每一类大体都做一个“模板”，开头、结尾最重要，中间举例可以考前多想一些。固定文章格式(如开头，结尾，主题句)是很有效的节省时间的做法。更重要的还是多练习，多改正。一定要在最后按照考试速度写。

无论是勤奋练习还是熟练技巧都是对英语实力的提高，缺一不可。只要你拥有良好的英语基础和实力，加上勤奋和刻苦，再掌握一些学习方法和技巧，就一定能够取得好成绩。

篇8：托福109分难吗

托福109分难吗?详解托福高分备考经验

托福阅读备考经验

托福阅读是考生最有机会拿到高分，甚至是满分的考试科目。在托福阅读考试中，有的题目会偏难，但是一般情况下都比较中规中矩。如果你想要你的托福成绩在110+的话，那么托福阅读只有拿到接近满分为好。在备考过程中，大家要充分了解托福阅读考试的各种题型以及它们的解法。在备考过程中官方真题Official模考软件是一个非常不错的选择，里面的题目要多练习，因为这里的题目已经非常接近托福考试了。特别是在考前，考生一定要认真的一套一套地做题，保持熟练做题。

托福听力备考经验

托福听力是托福考试中的一个非常重要的考试部分，除了阅读考试以外，其它每个考试部分都包含听力方面的内容，所以考生想要拿的托福高分，那么对于听力的备考就需要特别的重视。对于托福听力的备考，考生要不可能每个词都听清楚，但是关键词一定要听清楚，因为这里托福听力的考点。大家复习托福的时候可以试试训练自己出题的能力，也就是大家先不要看题目，先只听文本，然后根据你听到的内容来猜测可能会出什么题。另外最重要的一点就是记笔记能力，这些都可以从官方真题Official中来练习。

考前考生一定要坚持每天的练习，如果明天就考试了，那么今天依然要训练，要保持耳朵的敏感度，这样在考试中才不会走神。另外在平时的练习的时候，可以多制造一些英文环境，这对于提高托福听力能力是很有帮助的，比如说听听英文音乐，英文广播，看看英文电影，但是注意看电影时不要老是盯着字幕，最好是没有字幕的。同时考生想要得到托福高分，那么这个考试部分最好也要得到近满分。

托福口语备考经验

对于整个托福考试来说，托福口语考试的不确定性是最大的，但是如果你想要考到110分左右的话，那么在其它考试科目都非常不错的话，那么托福口语起码也要在23分左右，这样才能达到这样标准。在备考托福口语的时候，闭门造车肯定是不行的，要多找人说，最好找一些志同道合的小伙伴一起来练习。对于长期发展来说，托福口语应该受到考生最大的重视，因为这对于之后到外国课堂上或者生活上都是非常有用的。要多练习真题，平时练习的时候可以进行录音，然后再去自己的录音，根据托福口语的评分标准中的要求，去修正自己的错误。

托福写作备考经验

对于托福写作考试来就是一个叙说的过程，这个过程中是文字的形式将它表达出来，而不像口语那样只要能说出来就行了。在这个过程中考生一定要注意时间的掌控。在托福口语中如果没有说完，只要前面的逻辑和结构交待的清楚，那么没有说完依然可以得高分，但是托福写作就不一样了。

对于托福写作的备考，考生应该先多读满分范文并进行总结，对于托福写作的常考话题进行综合复习，适当的可以做一些模板。后期针对性的练习时，考生可以拿范文的题目来练习，然后比较一下范文，看看自己的作文有哪些地方不足。平时可以多动手写一写，然后拿你的作文给你的小伙伴或者老师进行批改，只有这样你的写作水平才有所提升和进步。

以上就是小编为大家带来托福109分经验，都是针对各个学科的备考方法。由于每个人的基础等原因都是不一样的，所以这里的备考经验可供大家参考，可以选择适合自己的方法，这样才能成为你自己的东西，最后应对托福考试也就轻松加愉快了。

阅读细节题考察你的托福阅读短板

很多考托er们来咨询课程时，对这种新的考试常常是一脸蒙圈的状态：托福到底有多难?我到底要怎么准备，准备多久?他们常常抓住咱们的咨询老师用星星眼迫切地发出电波，希望老师能给出确切的答案。其实各位亲爱的考生，咱们完全可以通过自测来摸清楚自己的功底如何以及阅读短板到底在哪里。

在托福阅读中有一种题型，难度不大，但是非常考察阅读基本功，后期甚至会成为托福阅读高分的拦路虎，这就是我们的事实信息题，又叫细节题。

下面，我们就来演示一下如何通过细节题来摸清自己的阅读基础。

先给大家普及一下细节题的解题步骤：

1. 读题干，找出题干中的关键信息(就是题干提问的关键词)

2. 到文章中寻找关键信息对应的句子

3. 选择一个关键信息对应句子的同义改写选项

下面我们用一道例题加以说明：

T17-1 Europe's Early Sea Trade with Asia

Paragraph 3: ……Even if they hugged theAfrican coastline, they had little chance of surviving a crossing of the IndianOcean Shortly after 1400. Shipbuilders began developing a new type of vesselproperly designed to operate in rough, open water: the caravel. It had a widerand deeper hull than the galley and hence could carry more cargo: increasedstability made it possible to add multiple masts and sails. In the largestcaravels, two main masts held large square sails that provided the bulk of thethrust driving the ship forward, while a smaller forward mast held atriangular-shaped sail, called a lateen sail, which could be moved into avariety of positions to maneuver the ship.

8. According to paragraph 3, what did thelateen sail contribute to the caravel as a sailing ship?

○It provided stability for the front partof the ship.

○It made it possible for the hull to bewider and deeper.

○It added considerably to the speed of thewind-driven ship.

○It improved the capacity of the ship to beguided.

这道题题干中的关键词是lateen sail. 带着它回文中找到相关信息：while a smaller forward mast held a triangular-shaped sail, called alateen sail, which could be moved into a variety of positions to maneuver theship.这个句子比较长而且还出现了定语从句，开头还有一个托福阅读常考的词while，并不是一下子就可以顺译出来的，如果考托er们读不懂这个句子，大概会有如下两种情况：

第一种，如果托er们在这个句子中发现百分之五十以上的单词都不认识，那么同学们得赶紧回去背诵高中词汇，后期的学习计划就应该着重在大量时间花在单词背诵计划的制定上：高中词汇结束后再紧跟着背诵四级和托福词汇。而且考托er们再做题目的时候就不能一味地想要学习解题技巧，而应该着重基础的提升，无论是单词还是长难句。英文阅读和中文阅读一样，没有单词量的阅读就好像文盲读报纸，只能靠脑洞。

第二种，如果发现单词基本没问题，但是连which这个从句都不知道起什么作用，那么句法部分应该还有很大欠缺，尤其是从句部分知识。这种情况经常会出现在大学生群体中，他们的单词量经过四六级的洗礼已经比较拿的出手了，但是对于句法反倒没有高中生掌握的好，甚至遗忘比较严重，以至于读句子的时候多是把单词的意思往一起拼凑。这种学生通常会在做题时在迷惑性选项中一再栽跟头，因为无论原文还是选项他都是读得似懂非懂，就无法保证做题的正确率了。

针对这种情况我们的语法课程会把长难句中常见的几种情况，比如复杂修饰，插入语，非谓语动词等用至少半节课的时间详细讲解，并且要搭配10-20个典型的例句作为学生课下划分句子的练习;除此之外，在后期讲解题型时还需要时不时选择特别难的句子让学生做结构的划分和翻译，以此来查看学生的长难句划分能力是否有所进步。所以如果同学们发现自己的语法结构还不清楚，就速速来新东方开启课程之旅吧。

综上所述，细节题是一种看起来简单实际上很考察阅读基本功的题型，通过一道细节题就可以考察出自己的问题在哪里，以及以后学习中需要加以注意的地方。考托er们平时在做题的时候也要多加以总结和思考哦。

托福阅读备考之长难句分析：二战之后的加拿大

托福阅读长难句：二战之后的加拿大

Basic to any understanding of Canada in the 20 years after the Second World War is the country's impressive population growth.

(倒装结构Basic to any understanding…is…)

要理解二战之后20年中的加拿大，就必须了解该国惊人的人口增长。

分句1：Basic to any understanding of Canada in the 20 years after the Second World War

分句2：is

分句3：the country's impressive population growth

分句1，2，3共同构成倒装句，正常的语序应该是3，2，1，即：该句的正常语序是The country's impressive population growth is basic to any understanding of Canada in the 20 years after the Second World War.

本句是一个简单句，只不过使用了倒装，谓语动词是is.

托福阅读备考之事实信息题解析

回顾托福阅读的所有题型，其中有2种题型占据的比例最高----“词汇题”和“事实信息题”，前者每一场考试大约考察10-12题左右，而后者大约也会考察12题左右。因此，从每一场考试的39-42题总量上来看，这两种题型就占据了半壁江山。从难度系数上来看事实信息题的难度明显高于词汇题。那么，今天笔者打算简单谈一谈该题型的解决方法。

1、提问方式

Accordingto paragraph… which of the following statements is true of / concerned with /related to X?

例：According toparagraph 1, what was true of the Sahara region around 6,000 B.C.? (TPO 28 Early Saharan Pastoralists)

Accordingto paragraph… why / how / what….?

例：According to paragraph 1, why is playdifficult to define? (TPO30 Role of Play in Development)

分析：通过以上两种不同提问方式可以总结出该题型有以下几个特点：

1). 该题型是就某段话当中的某个细节信息(即提问方式1中的X)进行提问。

2). 该题型可以围绕该细节信息的不同方面进行提问，通过特殊疑问词which;what; why; how可以看出。

3). 由于题干中未出现infer;suggest; indicate等字样，所以该题型旨在考察文本信息的字面含义，无需考生进行文本的隐含意推理。

2、解题步骤

Step 1: 读题干，找出定位词

注意：如果是提问方式1, 那么定位词则是位于介词of/with/ to后面的信息。

如果是提问方式2, 那么定位词一般是名词，并且是非主题性的名词(当然定位词不一定只能找一个，一般可以找2到3个，因为定位词越多相对定位的位置也会越精确。)

例：

Accordingto paragraph 2, which of the following presents a particular challenge toresearchers who study play behavior in animals?(TPO30 Role of Play in Development)

分析：通过提问方式类似于第1种提问方式，其实题干可以改写成whichof the following statements is true of the challenge to researchers who… 因此，定位词应该是位于介词of后面的challenge toresearchers。至于后面的playbehavior就不需要了，因为它属于通篇的主题词。

Accordingto paragraph 4, how did the Catholic Church react to the introduction ofmechanical clocks? (TPO 30 The Inventionof Mechanical Clock)

分析：通过提问方式属于第2种提问方式，因此考生们应该在题干中找出名词部分，考生们可以看到两组名词：CatholicChurch和MechanicalClocks, 并且这两组词都是我们所需要的定位词。

Paragraph5 answers which of the following questions about mechanical clocks. (TPO 30 The Invention of Mechanical Clock)

分析：通过题干找出题干中唯一疑似的定位词组Mechanical Clocks, 但是却发现整篇文章都在讨论MechanicalClocks。这种类型的提问方式是考生们最怕看到的，因为定位词无效。此刻建议考生们可以反过来先读选项，然后根据选项中的定位词回读段落寻找答案。

Step 2: 通过题干中定位词回原文进行定位。

注意：在定位的过程中考生们可能会遇到以下2个问题：

问题1：定位词在原文中可能是非原文原词(如果是专有名词一般在原文中就是原文原词，但如果是普通名词则有可能是非原文原词)。

例1：定位词为原文原词的情况

Paragraph 1: Evolutionary biologists believe thatspeciation, the formation of a new species, often begins when some kind ofphysical barrier arises and divides a population of a single species intoseparate subpopulations. Physical separation between subpopulations promotesthe formation of new species because once the members of one subpopulation canno longer mate with members of another subpopulation, they cannot exchangevariant genes that arise in one of the subpopulations. In the absences of geneflow between the subpopulations, genetic differences between the groups beginto accumulate. Eventually the subpopulations become so genetically distinctthat they cannot interbreed even if the physical barriers between them wereremoved. At this point the subpopulations have evolved into distinct species.This route to speciationis known as allopatry(“alio-” means “different”，and “patria” means “homeland”).(TPO31 Speciationin Geographically Isolated Populations)

Q: According to paragraph 1, allopatric speciation involveswhich of the following?

分析：此题干中的定位词为allopatric speciation, 为专有名词，在原文中为原文原词，即最后一句话为定位句。

例2：定位词为非原文原词的情况

Paragraph 2: Playappears to be a developmental characteristic of animals with fairlysophisticated nervous systems, mainly birds and mammals. Play has been studiedmost extensively in primates and canids (dogs). Exactly why animals play isstill a matter debated in the research literature, and the reasons may not bethe same for every species that plays. Determining the functions of play is difficultbecause the functions may be long-term, with beneficial effects not showing upuntil the animal's adulthood. (TPO30 Role of Play in Development)

According toparagraph 2, which of the following presents a particular challenge toresearchers who study play behavior in animals?

O The delay between activities and the benefitsthe animal derives from them.

O The difficulty in determining which animalspecies play and which do not.

O The fact that for most animals, there is noclear transition from youth to full adulthood.

O The lack of research on the play behavior ofanimals other than canids and primates.

分析：此题干中的定位词为challenge & researchers, 在原文中考生们无法找到这两个定位词，但是可以找到challenge的同义替换形式difficult, 因此该句即是我们所需要的定位句。

问题2：定位词在原文中出现不止一次。

Paragraph 7: Occasionally, a sequence offossil-rich layers of rock permits a comprehensive look at one type of organismover a long period of time. For example, Peter Sheldon's studies of trilobites,a now extinct marine animal with a segmented body, offer a detailed glimpseinto three million years of evolution in one marine environment. In that study,each of eight different trilobite species was observed to undergo agradual change in the number of segments --- typically an increase of one ortwo segments over the whole time interval. No significant discontinuous wereobserved, leading Sheldon to conclude that environmental conditionswere quite stable during the period he examined. (TPO30 The Pace of Evolutionary Change)

According toparagraph 7, Peter Sheldon’s studies demonstrated which of the following abouttrilobites?

O They underwent gradual change over a longtime period

O They experienced a number of discontinuoustransitions during their history

O They remained unchanged during a long periodof environmental stability

O They evolved in ways that cannot be countedfor by either of the two competing theories.

分析：通过题干找出定位词Peter Sheldon & trilobites, 然后回读原文进行定位，考生们会发现这两组定位词在原文中分别出现2次。因此，考生们需要定位的范围变大，难度由此也加大了。这种类型的事实信息题是考生们在考场上最不愿意看到的一种，但是很不幸的是由最新的几套TPO中的例题显示这种类型的题目正在变多，所以朗阁海外考试研究中心的专家请各位考生平时在练习时加大这种类型的考题的练习。

Step3: 比较定位句与选项的内容，选出语义最接近的选项。

注意：

1). 考生们所看到的定位句可能是一个非常长的句子，而选项相对比较简短，所以考生们一定要学会从长难句中截取你所需要的能回答问题的部分。简单点说就是比如题干中问你why….;那么，此时考生们在分析原文定位句时应该重点看because这种能够解释的部分。

2). 考生们在比较定位句与选项时切忌不能随意推理，只需要把握文本的字面意思即可。

例1：

Paragraph 3: To what extent competition determines the composition of acommunity and the density of particular species has been the source ofconsiderable controversy. The problem is that competition ordinarily cannot beobserved directly but must be inferred from the spread or increase of onespecies and the concurrent reduction or disappearance of another species. TheRussian biologist G. F. Gause performed numerous two-species experimentsin the laboratory, in which one of the species became extinct when only asingle kind of resource was available. On the basis of these experiments and offield observations, the so-called law of competitive exclusion was formulated,according to which no two species can occupy the same niche. Numerousseeming exceptions to this law have since been found, but they can usually beexplained as cases in which the two species, even though competing for a majorjoint resource, did not really occupy exactly the same niche. (TPO 29 Competition)

Paragraph 3 supports the idea that Gause’s experiments were importantbecause they

O provided a situation in whichcompetition could be removed from the interaction between two species

O showed that previous ideasabout the extent to which competition determines the composition of a communitywere completely mistaken

O helped establish thatcompetition will remove all but one species from any given ecological niche

O offered evidence thatcompetition between species is minimal when there is an overabundance of asingle food source

解题步骤：

1). 读题干，找出定位词Gause’s experiments, 然后把握题目问的内容是有关于G的实验的importance。

2). 通过定位词回到原文进行定位，位于第三句话。但是第三句只提到了定位词之一，接下来的第四句中提到了由此形成了一个law, 可以对应题干中想问的importance。

3). 第3句和第4句两句定位句的大意为“当只有一种食物来源被提供时，两种物种中的一种会消亡。参照这些实验和观察就形成了竞争互斥规律----没有哪两种物种可以占据同样的生态圈”，接下来浏览四个选项，发现C选项大意吻合----确定了竞争将会移除其他所有的物种在任何一个生态圈里面。

例2：

As railroad linesfanned out from Chicago, farmers began to acquire open prairie land in Illinois andthen Iowa, putting the fertile, deep black soil into production. Commercialagriculture transformed this remarkable treeless environment. To settlersaccustomed to eastern woodlands, the thousands of square miles of tall grasswere an awesome sight. Indian grass, Canada wild rye, and native big bluestemall grew higher than a person. Because eastern plows could not penetrate thedensely tangled roots of prairie grass, the earliest settlers erected farmsalong the boundary separating the forest from the prairie. In 1837, however,John Deere patented a sharp-cutting steel plow that sliced through the sodwithout soil sticking to the blade. Cyrus McCormick refined a mechanical reaperthat harvested fourteen times more wheat with the same amount of labor. By the1850s McCormick was selling 1,000 reapers a year and could not keep up withdemand, while Deere turned out 10,000 plows annually. (TPO 33 Railroads andCommercial Agriculture in Nineteenth-Century United States)

Accordingto paragraph 5, the firstsettlersgenerally did not farm open prairie land because

A.they could not plow it effectively with the tools that were available.

B.prairie land was usually very expensive to buy.

C.the soil along boundaries between the forest and the prairie was more fertile thanthe soil of the open prairie.

D.the railroad lines had not yet reached the open prairie when the first settlersarrived.

解题步骤：

1).读题干，找出定位词settlers& open prairie land, 并且抓住题干问的重点是because

2).根据定位词定位到第一句和第三句这样的语义群，这样的语义群可以给我们提供一个大范围定位，然后接下来考生们在第四句里看到了because,所以第四句就是我们需要的精确定位点。

3).定位句的语义大约为“因为东部的耕种工具无法穿透这里的根部缠结在一起的草，因此，早期的定居者们将农场建立在了远离草原的边界地区。”接下来浏览四个选项，只有A选项提到了因为耕作工具的原因，所以选择A选项。

3、总结

1).此种题型必须要先阅读题干，摸清题干所问的具体内容，然后再读文章进行定位

2).此种题型既可以只考察某一个特定的定位句理解;同时也可以考察2-3个定位句范围的意群理解。但无论怎样，考生绝对不是漫无目的地搜索，而是根据题干有目的性地寻找答案。