托福阅读2种难度差异较大题型难点和解题思路介绍

由路见不平绕道行 分享时间：2023-09-17 12:39:12 收藏本文

【简介】感谢网友“路见不平绕道行”参与投稿，以下是小编为大家准备的托福阅读2种难度差异较大题型难点和解题思路介绍（共14篇），希望对大家有所帮助。

篇1：托福阅读2种难度差异较大题型难点和解题思路介绍

托福阅读高难度题推断题介绍

说到托福阅读题，你觉得哪种阅读题型最难做?相信有将近50%的同学都会把票投给推断题。每次考试遇到推断题，都有一种被难题支配的恐惧和阴影。

推断题是有一定的难度所在的，这点可以从托福考试官方指南(og)的改变上就可发现一些端倪。第三版og上，推断题的考查数量为0-2题，第四版og已经增加到1-3题，ETS的用(yin)意(mou)所在可见一斑。

托福阅读低难度题型修辞目的题介绍

除了很难的阅读推断题，在托福阅读题型中有一种题型跟它恰好相反，是比较好驾驭的一种题型，那就是修辞目的题，听起来很高端的样子，虽然这类题型的答案在文中很好定位，但要想拿下高分还是有一定困难的。

如何做好这两类阅读题型?

虽然一个是很难的推断题，一个是比较好驾驭的修辞目的题，但它们有一个同样的做题难点—耗时又耗力。

推断题

og上将推断题定义为检查考生对文章中强烈建议但绝不明说的观点的理解程度，属于理解性题目。也就是说，想要做好这个题型，考生需要在阅读文章的过程中进行更多的主动思考而非单纯地被动接受来自文章的信息，也就是多看多想，这需要大家磨炼自身的思维灵敏度。

比喻修辞题

修辞目的题是常见于托福阅读部分的一种题型，这里的“修辞”其实并不是考查修辞方法，而是涉及相应段落在文章中的作用，如：总结，回答问题，反驳，解释说明等。而“目的”则是考查对文章展开形式的把握，是否了解到文章的结构为：观点+细节。

托福阅读100个长难句精选汇总深度解析：transporting large armies...

托福阅读100个长难句实例分析

原句案例：

He is at this time transporting large armies of foreign mercenaries to complete the works of death, desolation and tyranny, already begun with circumstances of cruelty andperfidy scarcely parallel in the most barbarous ages, and totally unworthy the head of a civilized nation.

词汇讲解：

mercenary= n.外国雇佣兵

desolation= n.荒凉;废墟

tyranny= n.暴政

circumstance= n.情形

cruelty= n.残忍

perfidy= n.背信弃义

scarcely= ad.很少

parallel= a.相似的;比得上的

barbarous= a.残暴的

unworthy= a.不配的

句子分析：

【主干】

He is transporting large armies of foreign mercenaries to complete the works, and totally unworthy the head of a civilized nation.

他(英国国王)正在运送大批外国雇佣兵，来从事勾当，他已完全不配当一个文明国家的元首。

【成分分析】

at this time 状语

of death, desolation and tyranny 定语，修饰works

already begun with circumstances of cruelty and perfidy 定语，修饰works

scarcely parallel in the most barbarous ages定语，修饰cruelty and perfidy

参考翻译：

他(英国国王)此时正在运送大批外国雇佣兵，来从事其制造死亡、废墟和暴政的勾当，其残忍与卑劣从一开始就连最野蛮的时代也难以相比，他已完全不配当一个文明国家的元首。

托福阅读100个长难句精选汇总深度解析：Congress shall.....

托福阅读100个长难句实例分析

原句案例：

Congress shall make no law respecting an establishment of religion, or prohibiting the free exercise thereof; or abridging the freedom of speech, or of the press; or the right of the people peaceably to assemble, and to petition the Government for a redress of grievances.

词汇讲解：

congress= n.国会

respect= v.关于 (熟词僻意)

establishment= n.确立

religion= n.宗教

prohibit= v.禁止

thereof= ad.其

abridge= v.限制

assemble= v.集会

petition= v.请求

redress= n.补偿;纠正

grievance= n.委屈;不平之事

句子分析：

【主干】

Congress shall make no law

【成分分析】

1. respecting an establishment of religion, 定语1，修饰law

2. or prohibiting the free exercise thereof; 定语2，修饰law

3. or abridging the freedom or the right 定语3，修饰law

4. of speech, or of the press; 定语，修饰the freedom

5. of the people peaceably to assemble, and to petition the Government for a redress of grievances. 定语，修饰the right

参考翻译：

国会不得制定关于下列事项的法律：确立国教或禁止信教自由;剥夺言论自由或出版自由;或剥夺人民和平集会和向政府请愿伸冤的权利。

托福阅读之略读、扫读技巧介绍

作为toefl 考试的第一个难关---Reading, 一直是中国考生”听说读写”里最擅长，同时又是最容易失分的。所以这篇里边主要介绍下在做Reading题目的两个首要techniques, 也就是scanning and skimming.

作为First step的Scanning主要是根据key words定位到文章中某一句或某一个词。而另外一个尤其重要的second step: skimming则需要可以跳着读。最直接的一个要求就是要找到连接词conj. words. 1st, Reading里最高频的And but以及这两词语的同义词; 2nd, because，so that表示原因结果的词语; 3rd, 做timing的词语,ago, 1989, then, etc; Last but not least, 像你现在读的这句话里边用到的 1st, 2nd, last 这些让你整个人看文章舒服很多的词汇。这样做的目的就是化繁为简，把一段1000字左右的话simplify为仅10个字不到的框架，了解到段落的main idea和大致结构，更重要的是可以把scanning出的key words 所在的意思和question里边要找的essential information意思和作用分析出来。Let’s take this paragraph as an example:

The majorityof three-dimensional representations, whether standing, seated, or kneeling,exhibit what is called frontality: they face straight ahead, neither twistingnor turning. When such statues are viewed in isolation, out of their originalcontext and without knowledge of their function, it is easy to criticize themfor their rigid attitudes that remained unchanged for three thousand years.Frontality is, however, directly related to the functions of Egyptian statuaryand the contexts in which the statues were set up. Statues were created not fortheir decorative effect but to play a primary role in the cults of the gods,the king, and the dead. They were designed to be put in places where thesebeings could manifest themselves in order to be the recipients of ritualactions. Thus it made sense to show the statue looking ahead at what washappening in front of it, so that the living performer of the ritual couldinteract with the divine or deceased recipient. Very often such statues wereenclosed in rectangular shrines or wall niches whose only opening was at thefront, making it natural for the statue to display frontality. Other statueswere designed to be placed within an architectural setting, for instance, infront of the monumental entrance gateways to temples known as pylons, or inpillared courts, where they would be placed against or between pillars: theirfrontality worked perfectly within the architectural context.

我猜很多人应该没耐心把这么长一段从头到尾看一遍吧，就算是现在spare times，let alone考试的时候时间那么紧张，更会觉得puzzled andconfused. So let’s make life easier. 看下下边highlight的部分：

The majority of three-dimensional representations, whetherstanding, seated, or kneeling, exhibit what is called frontality: they facestraight ahead, neither twisting nor turning. When such statues areviewed in isolation, out of their original context and without knowledge oftheir function, it is easy to criticize them for their rigid attitudes thatremained unchanged for three thousand years. Frontality is, however,directly related to the functions of Egyptian statuary and the contexts inwhich the statues were set up. Statues were created not for their decorativeeffect but to play a primary role in the cults of the gods, the king,and the dead. They were designed to be put in places where these beings couldmanifest themselves in order to be the recipients of ritualactions. Thus it made sense to show the statue looking ahead at whatwas happening in front of it, so that the living performer of theritual could interact with the divine or deceased recipient. Very often suchstatues were enclosed in rectangular shrines or wall niches whose only openingwas at the front, making it natural for the statue to displayfrontality. Other statues were designed to be placed within anarchitectural setting, for instance, in front of the monumental entrancegateways to temples known as pylons, or in pillared courts, where they would beplaced against or between pillars: their frontality worked perfectly within thearchitectural context.

What about now?从这几个词语应该是可以快速整理出这一段的几处转折的地方，讲了哪几个方面，以及哪个部分author写的比较多点吧。接着就可以对照options，选出那个给你加分的正确选项。

另外给两类同学大概做个Plan list: 一般有3个月时间备考的孩纸们大概有这么三个stages：Stage 1 tpo你自己挑个的吉祥数字比如tpo 6 8,whatever you like, 基本一周一篇的节奏，找到每篇里的这个conj. Words; Stage2 TPO 18 19 20 21 这几篇是难度较大的篇幅, 和题目对照着开始着手做题; Stage 3 TPO 33 34 这几篇开始限时训练。对于备考1个月的孩纸: 直接从TPO 18 19 30 21这几个重点篇章开始，最后一段时间就是TPO 30及以后的限时训练。

All in all, 记住常见的几个套路词：but 转折词; cause 原因词; for instance 例子词; long long ago 时间词, etc. 眼熟这些词，把一段文章从头到尾skimming出这些词，同时也就是1-2min内把paragraph的主干理出来了。按时完成task，养成习惯，you’re not afraid then, besides, 做题速度也会蹭蹭的提高,而且准确率也刷刷的变高。

篇2：托福阅读难点题型解题思路实例分析

托福阅读难点题型解题思路实例分析句子简化题做法介绍

托福阅读句子简化题怎么做?

托福阅读的句子简化题要求考生快速地把文章段落中打上阴影的一个长难句简化成一个意思不变的同义句。解答句子简化题其实有一个规律，那就是：原句的核心信息在正确选项中一定被同义改写了，但是句子中的重要的逻辑关系是不会变的。知道这个规律，解开这道题就变得简单了。

托福阅读句子简化题解题技巧实例讲解

下面，我们来看官方真题Official3Desertification这篇文章的句子简化题：

The extreme seriousness of desertification results from the vast areas of land and the tremendousnumbers of people affected, as well as from thegreat difficulty of reversing or even slowing the process.

A Desertification is a significant problem because it is so hard to reverse and affects largeareas of land and great numbers of people.

B Slowing down the process of desertification is difficult because of population growth that has spread overlarge areas of land.

C The spread of deserts is considered a very seriousproblem that can be solved only if large numbers of people in various countriesare involved in the effort.

D Desertification is extremely hard to reverse unless thepopulation is reduced in the vast areas affected.

很多托福考生在做句子简化题时，习惯性地把待简化的句子翻译成中文，那样做其实不仅慢，而且很容易乱。

正确的做法是：

1.找出句子的主谓宾，也就是谁做了什么，然后关注句子的逻辑关系。例题的主语是：seriousness of desertification，逻辑关系词是表示原因的：result from，所以我们可以优先看有表示原因的选项，他们中若有正确答案，那么剩下的选项就无需过问了。这样做不仅快，而且效率高。我们不难发现：A选项中有because;B选项中有because of;所以我们先看这两个选项。

2.我们还发现原因用as well as相连，说明是两个原因，一个是影响land和people，一个是reverse和slowthe process很难。A选项正确表达了句意，而B选项把原文中并列的两个原因变成了因果关系，很明显是错的。

托福阅读100个长难句精选汇总深度解析：Successin colonization...

托福阅读100个长难句实例分析

原句案例：

Successin colonization depends to a great extent on there being a site available for colonization ---- a safe site where disturbance by fire or by cutting down of trees has either removed competing species or reduced levels of competition and other negative interactions to a level at which the invading species can become established.

结构划分：

Success in colonization depends to a great extent on there being a site available for colonization ---- (a safe site) (where disturbance by fire or by cutting down of trees has either removed competing species or reduced levels of competition and other negative interactions to a level) (at which the invading species can become established.)

深度分析：

这个句子的主干就是：

Success in colonization depends (to a great extent) on there being a site (available for colonization)

注意depend on被短语to a great extent(很大程度)隔开了，断句不要出现问题，后面还有一个放在后面的形容词短语(available for colonization)修饰a site

修饰一：(a safe site) ，同位语，解说说明前面的a site

中文：一个安全的地点

修饰二：(where disturbance by fire or bycutting down of trees has either removed competing species or reduced levels of competition and other negative interactions to a level) ，从句

这个从句有点复杂：

where disturbance (by fire or by cutting down of trees) has either removed competing species or reduced levels of competition and other negative interactions to a level

(by fire or by cutting down oftrees)，介词修饰放在后面disturbance

注意这里有一个并列结构，either or

either removed competing species

or reduced levels of competition and other negative interactions to a level

中文：在那里由于焚烧或伐木要么移除了竞争物种，要么减低了竞争水平和其它负面的物种间相互影响的水平

修饰三：(at which the invading species can become established.) ，从句

中文：入侵物种能够定居下来。

参考翻译：

成功的移居很大程度上依赖于有一个可用的移居的地点，即一个安全的地点，在那里由于焚烧或伐木要么移除了竞争物种，要么把物种间的竞争和其他负面的物种间相互影响减少到让入侵物种能够定居下来。

托福阅读100个长难句精选汇总深度解析：Many prehistorians believe...

托福阅读100个长难句实例分析

原句案例：

Many prehistorians believe that farming may have emerged dependently in several different areas of the world when small communities, driven by increasing population and a decline in available food resources, began to plant seeds in the ground in an effort to guarantee their survival.

结构划分：

Many prehistorians believe that farming may have emerged dependently (in several different areas of the world) (when small communities, (driven by increasing population and a decline in available food resources), began to plant seeds in the ground in an effort to guarantee their survival).

深度分析：

这个句子的主干是：

Many prehistorians believe that从句

从句中的主干是：

farming may have emerged dependently

修饰一：(in several different areas of the world)，介词短语

中文：在世界几个不同地区

修饰二：(driven by increasing population and a decline inavailable food resources)，非谓语动词，相当于形容词修饰small communities

中文：迫于人口不断增长和可用食物资源减

修饰三：(when small communities began to plant seeds in the ground in an effort to guarantee their survival)，从句

请大家注意此处的断句问题。

从句的主谓被非谓语给隔开了。就是它：

(driven by increasing population and a decline inavailable food resources)

中文：当一些小的群落开始在地里种植种子去努力保证他们生存时

参考翻译：

许多史前学家认为：当一些小的群落迫于人口不断增长和可用食物资源减少压力，开始在地里种植种子去努力保证他们生存时，农业可能在世界几个不同地区就独立出现了。

托福阅读100个长难句精选汇总深度解析：Chinese papermakers...

托福阅读100个长难句实例分析

原句案例：

It has been said that Chinese papermakers were among the prisoners captured in a battle fought near Samarqand between the Chineseand the Muslims in 751, and the technique of papermaking - in which cellulosepulp extracted from any of several plants is first suspended in water, caught on a fine screen, and then dried into flexible sheets - slowly spread westward.

词汇讲解：

cellulose /'selj?l??z/ n. 纤维素

pulp /p?lp/ n. 果肉;纸浆

extract /?k'str?kt/ vt. 取出，拔出;压出, 榨出(汁液等);选录，摘录

suspend /s?'spend/ vt. 悬挂或吊起某物;使(某物)悬浮;使(某事物)暂停

screen n. (筛煤﹑ 砾石等的)筛子

flexible /'fl?ks?bl/ adj. 易弯曲的，柔韧的，有弹性的

结构划分：

It has been said that Chinese papermakers were among the prisoners (capturedin a battle)(fought near Samarqand)(between the Chinese and the Muslims in 751), and the technique of papermaking - (in which cellulose pulp extracted from any of several plants is first suspended in water, caught on a fine screen, and then dried into flexible sheets) - slowly spread westward.

深度分析：

这个句子的主干是：

It has been said that + 从句

从句的主干是：

Chinese papermakers were among the prisoners and the technique of papermaking slowly spread westward

修饰一：(captured in a battle)，非谓语动词，相当于形容词，修饰the prisoners

中文：在战争中被俘

修饰二：(fought near Samarqand)，非谓语动词，相当于形容词，修饰battle

中文：在撒马尔罕附近

修饰三：(between the Chinese and the Muslims in 751)，介词短语

中文：在751年，在中国和穆斯林之间

修饰四：(in which cellulose pulp extracted from any of severalplants is first suspended in water, caught on a fine screen, and then dried into flexible sheets)，从句，修饰the technique of papermaking

注意：从句里面还有一个非谓语动词修饰cellulosepulp

cellulose pulp (extracted from any ofseveral plants) is first suspended in water

中文：首先从几颗植物中提取纤维素纸浆悬浮在水中，在精致的筛子上过滤，然后烘干成有韧性的纸张

参考翻译：

据说在751年，在中国和穆斯林之间，在撒马尔罕附近的一场战役中，中国的造纸匠被虏成为囚犯，这样造纸术(首先从几颗植物中提取纤维素纸浆悬浮在水中，在精致的筛子上过滤，然后烘干成有韧性的纸张)才缓慢向西方传播。

篇3：托福阅读难点题型解题思路实例讲解

托福阅读难点题型解题思路实例讲解推断题正确解答案例分析

托福阅读因果关系词介绍

托福阅读中的因果关系词其实有两类，一个是表示原因的：as、since、thanks to、as result of、because of、owing to、result from、due to、on account of、by virtue of、in that、attribute to;另一个是表示结果的：as a consequence、thus、hence、so、as a result、result in、contribute to、lead to、cause、breed、trigger.

托福阅读推断题如何用因果关系来解题?

Paragraph 4: So, in another set of experiments, Kramer putidentical food boxes around the cage, with food in only one of the boxes. Theboxes were stationary, and the one containing food was always at the same pointof the compass. However, its position with respect to the surroundings could bechanged by revolving either the inner cage containing the birds or the outerwalls, which served as the background. As long as the birds could see the Sun,no matter how their surroundings were altered, they went directly to thecorrect food box. Whether the box appeared in front of the right wall or theleft wall, they showed no signs of confusion. On overcast days, however, thebirds were disoriented and had trouble locating their food box.

Which of the following can be inferred from paragraph 4 aboutKramer’s reason for filling one food box and leaving the rest empty?

A He believed the birds would eat food from only one box.

B He wanted to see whether the Sun alone controlled the birds'ability to navigate toward the box with food.

C He thought that if all the boxes contained food, this woulddistract the birds from following their migratory route.

D He needed to test whether the birds preferred having the food atany particular point of the compass.

首先，我们来明确一下推断的定义(infer, imply, indicate)，纵使它是推断题，也不是意味着这题是主观臆断，臆想或是联想得出的。这道题也是要通过提取题干中的关键词到文章中的明确位置，然后文中没有平铺直叙地告诉你答案，需要我们根据一些线索找到答案。

接下来我们来看一下这道题，题干中出现Kramer, filling one food box andleaving the rest empty定位在第四段第一句：with food in only one of the boxes，而解开这道题的重点就在于：reason。我们看到第一句话一开始说到，so, in another set of experiments，很明显，答案并不在这一段，而是上一段的最后。所以答案是B。

托福阅读100个长难句精选汇总深度解析：A fertile plowed field...

托福阅读100个长难句实例分析

原句案例：

A fertile, plowed field is rapidly invaded by a large variety of weeds, whereas a neighboring construction site from which the soil has been compacted or removed to expose a coarse, infertile parent material may remain virtually free of vegetation for many months or even years despite receiving the same input of seeds as the plowed field.

词汇讲解：

fertile /'f??ta?l/ adj. (指土地)肥沃的, 富饶的;(指动植物)能结果实的, 能生育的;(指人的头脑)主意多的, 有创造力的

plow /plau/ v. 犁<地>，用犁耕<地>

compact /k?m'p?kt/ v. 将(某物)紧压在一起

coarse /k??s/ adj. 粗糙的;(指食物﹑ 酒等)低劣的, 粗劣的;不高雅的，粗俗的;

结构划分：

A fertile, plowed field is rapidly invaded (by a large variety of weeds), whereas a neighboring construction site (from which the soil has been compacted or removed to expose a coarse, infertile parent material) may remain virtually free of vegetation (for many months or even years) (despite receiving the same input of seeds as the plowed field.)

深度分析：

这个句子的主干部分是：

A fertile, plowed field is rapidly invaded whereas a neighboring construction site may remain virtually free of vegetation

whereas然而，表示对比，对比两种情况

修饰一：(by a large variety of weeds) ，介词短语

中文：被各种各样的杂草

修饰二：(from which the soil has been compacted or removed to expose a coarse, infertile parent material) ，从句，修饰a neighboring construction site

这个句子理解的难点应该就在这里了，这个从句把a neighboringconstruction site和may remain virtually free ofvegetation分开了，注意断句不要出问题。

中文：这里的土壤被紧压或移除过以至于露出母质层(不要去理解啥是parent material，学术名词)

修饰三：(for many months or even years) ，介词短语

中文：几个月偶然甚至是几年

修饰四：(despite receiving the same inputof seeds as the plowed field.) ，介词短语

中文：尽管得到了和这块翻耕地同样多的种子

参考翻译：

一块肥沃且被翻耕过的土地会被各种各样的杂草迅速入侵，然而一个邻近的建筑工地(这里的土壤被紧压或移除过以至于露出母质层)可能几个月甚至几年都几乎没有植被覆盖，尽管得到了和这块翻耕地同样多的种子。

托福阅读真题原题+题目

It is estimated that over 99 percent of all species that ever existed have become extinct. What causes extinction? When a species is no longer adapted to a changed environment, it may perish. The exact causes of a species' death vary from situation to situation. Rapid ecological change may render an environment hostile to a species. For example, temperatures may change and a species may not be able to adapt. Food resources may be affected by environmental changes, which will then cause problems for a species requiring these resources. Other species may become better adapted to an environment, resulting in competition and, ultimately, in the death of a species.

The fossil record reveals that extinction has occurred throughout the history of Earth. Recent analyses have also revealed that on some occasions many species became extinct at the same time — a mass extinction. One of the best-known examples of mass extinction occurred 65 million years ago with the demise of dinosaurs and many other forms of life. Perhaps the largest mass extinction was the one that occurred 225 million years ago, when approximately 95 percent of all species died, mass extinctions can be caused by a relatively rapid change in the environment and can be worsened by the close interrelationship of many species. If, for example, something were to happen to destroy much of the plankton in the oceans, then the oxygen content of Earth would drop, affection even organisms not living in the oceans. Such a change would probably lead to a mass extinction.

One interesting, and controversial, finding is that extinctions during the past 250 million years have tended to be more intense every 26 million years. This periodic extinction might be due to intersection of the Earth's orbit with a cloud of comets, but this theory is purely speculative. Some researchers have also speculated that extinction may often be random. That is, certain species may be eliminated and others may survive for no particular reason. A species' survival may have nothing to do with its ability or inability to adapt. If so, some of evolutionary history may reflect a sequence of essentially random events.

1. The word it in line 3 refers to

(A) environment

(B) species

(D) 99 percent

2. The word ultimately in line 8 is closest in meaning to

(A) exceptionally

(B) dramatically

(D) unfortunately

3. What does the author say in paragraph 1 regarding most species in Earth's history

(A) They have remained basically unchanged from their original forms.

(B) They have been able to adapt to ecological changes.

(D) They are no longer in existence.

4. Which of the following is NOT mentioned in paragraph 1 as resulting from rapid ecological

change?

(A) Temperature changes

(B) Availability of food resources

(D) Competition among species

5. The word demise in line 12 is closest in meaning to

(A) change

(B) recovery

(D) death

6. Why is plankton mentioned in line 17?

(A) To demonstrate the interdependence of different species.

(B) To emphasize the importance of food resources in preventing mass extinction.

ocean.

(D) To point out that certain species could never become extinct.

7. According to paragraph 2, evidence from fossils suggests that

(A) Extinction of species has occurred from time to time throughout Earth's history.

(B) Extinctions on Earth have generally been massive

(D) Dinosaurs became extinct much earlier than scientists originally believed.

8. The word finding in line 20 is closest in meaning to

(A) published information

(B) research method

(D) scientific discovery

9. Which of the following can be inferred about the theory mentioned in Line 21-23?

(A) Many scientists could be expected to disagree with it.

(B) Evidence to support the theory has recently been found.

(D) Most scientists believe the theory to be accurate.

10. In paragraph 3, the author makes which of the following statements about a species' survival?

(A) It reflects the interrelationship of many species.

(B) It may depend on chance events.

(D) It is associated with astronomical conditions.

11. According to the passage , it is believed that the largest extinction of a species occurred

(A) 26 million years ago

(B) 65 million years ago

(D) 250 million years ago

PASSAGE 77 BCDCD AADAB C

托福阅读真题原题+题目

The lack of printing regulations and the unenforceability of British copyright law in the American colonies made it possible for colonial printers occasionally to act as publishers. Although they rarely undertook major publishing project because it was difficult to sell books as cheaply as they could be imported from Europe, printers in Philadelphia did publish work that required only small amounts of capital, paper, and type. Broadsides could be published with minimal financial risk. Consisting of only one sheet of paper and requiring small amounts of type, broadsides involved lower investments of capital than longer works. Furthermore, the broadside format lent itself to subjects of high, if temporary, interest, enabling them to meet with ready sale. If the broadside printer miscalculated, however, and produced a sheet that did not sell, it was not likely to be a major loss, and the printer would know this immediately, There would be no agonizing wait with large amounts of capital tied up, books gathering dust on the shelves, and creditors impatient for payment.

In addition to broadsides, books and pamphlets, consisting mainly of political tracts, catechisms, primers, and chapbooks were relatively inexpensive to print and to buy. Chapbooks were pamphlet-sized books, usually containing popular tales, ballads, poems, short plays, and jokes, small, both in formal and number of pages, they were generally bound simply, in boards (a form of cardboard) or merely stitched in paper wrappers (a sewn antecedent of modern-day paperbacks). Pamphlets and chapbooks did not require fine paper or a great deal of type to produce they could thus be printed in large, cost-effective editions and sold cheaply.

By far, the most appealing publishing investments were to be found in small books that had proven to be steady sellers, providing a reasonably reliable source of income for the publisher. They would not, by nature, be highly topical or political, as such publications would prove of fleeting interest. Almanacs, annual publications that contained information on astronomy and weather patterns arranged according to the days, week, and months of a given year, provided the perfect steady seller because their information pertained to the locale in which they would be used.

1. Which aspect of colonial printing does the passage mainly discuss?

(A) Laws governing the printing industry.

(B) Competition among printers

(D) Advances in printing technology

2. According to the passage , why did colonial printers avoid major publishing projects?

(A) Few colonial printers owned printing machinery that was large enough to handle major

projects.

(B) There was inadequate shipping available in the colonies.

(D) Colonial printers did not have the skills necessary to undertake large publishing projects.

3. Broadsides could be published with little risk to colonial printers because they

(A) required a small financial investment and sold quickly

(B) were in great demand in European markets

(D) generally dealt with topics of long-term interest to many colonists

4. The word they in line 17 refers to

(A) chapbooks

(B) tales

(D) pages

5. The word antecedent in line 19 is closest in meaning to

(A) predecessor

(B) format

(D) component

6. Chapbooks produced in colonial America were characterized by

(A) fine paper

(B) cardboard covers

(D) a large number of pages

7. The word appealing in line 22 is closest in meaning to

(A) dependable

(B) respectable

(D) attractive

8. What were steady sellers (line 23)?

(A) Printers whose incomes were quite large

(B) People who traveled from town to town selling Books and pamphlets

(D) Publications whose sales were usually consistent from year to year

9. The word locale in line 28 is closest in meaning to

(A) topic

(B) season

(D) place

10. All of the following are defined in the passage EXCEPT

(A) Broadsides (line 6)

(B) catechisms (line 15)

(D) Almanacs (line 25)

PASSAGE 84 CCAAA BDDDB

篇4：托福阅读难点题型答题思路

托福阅读难点题型答题思路

托福阅读推理题题型介绍

托福阅读推理题可分为两类：有共性的推理题和无共性的推理题

这里所谓的有共性推理题就是说题干中有和原文内容相同的关键词(也叫线索)。根据关键词回原文定位，然后进行推理。一般来说，大多数的推理题都属于这类题目。对于无共性的推理题，也就是题干中无线索，一般使用排除法，即根据各个选项的关键词回原文定位，通过排除法得出正确答案。返回原文找信息点，采用排除法是解决这两类题型解决的共同策略。

托福阅读推理题解题信息点讲解

托福阅读解题需要注意这些信息点：

1. 日期和数字

2. 各类关键词

表示多少的副词: many , some, much of, several , a few ,most …;情态动词：may, can , could…;表示过去的：used to be , was, were , at one time, previously ;表示不是唯一的： not only ,not exclusively等。

托福阅读推理题3种具体解题思路分析

1、一般对比推理：根据两个事情的对比特征，问其中一个事物的特征，只要将与之形成对比的另外一个事情的特征否定掉就可以。

2、时间对比推理：在这种推理中，一般有两个形成对比的时间段，它们所具有的特征一般相反。当题干问一个时间段的特征时，只要将与之相反的时间段的特征否定掉就可以了。

3、集合概念推理：一个大的集合的两个方面形成对比，两者之间存在着互补性关系，也就是一个的增加意味着另一个的减少。反之，相同。

托福阅读推理题解题思路实例讲解

上面说的可能比较抽象，我们来看一个例子：

例如：Both the number and the percentage of people in the United States involved in nonagricultural pursuits expanded rapidly during the half century following the civil war, with some of the most dramatic increases occurring in the domains of transportation, manufacturing, and trade and distribution.

What can be inferred from the passage about the agricultural sector of the economy after the Civil War?

(A) New technological developments had little effect on farmers.

(B) The percentage of the total population working in agriculture declined.

(D) Farmers achieved new prosperity because of better rural transportation.

文中指出：非农业人口的数量和比例都增加了。由此可知农业人口的数量和比例下降，所以(B)为正确答案

进行日常托福阅读训练的方法

1、多阅读英文文章

我们成为extensive reading。阅读考试考察的是我们的理解文章能力，这个能力不是一天就训练的出来，是要经过长期积累而产生的。平时的练习就是一种锻炼，一种积累，要用正确的阅读方法和解题方法，这样每天的练习，就是不断的强化，长此以往，在考场上才能得心应手，不慌不忙，从容应对考试，考出高分来。多读英文文章会增强阅读能力，可以加快阅读速度，扩大我们的词汇量。这样的话在就可以减少在考场上推测生词意思上时间的花费了。节省下来的时间久可以用来更好低理解文章了。

2、读一些比较深度的文章(challenging reading)

在时间宽裕情况下，建议读一些内容较深的文章，不认识的单词可以查字典并记录下来。托福的文章大多是大学程度的，需要我们平时进行一些有难度的训练，才能跟上节奏。

3、多去阅读一些常见大学科目的文章

如科学、科技、历史、政治、文化、文学、艺术、人物传记等方面的题材，自己在平时进行课外阅读时可以有意识地躲涉猎一些，这个就不用英语了，可以看中文的，我们的目的是要了解这方面的知识。比如说科技领域里面，正流行的是什么，未来发展的趋势是哪里，这些我们都要基本了解，因为很多阅读文章都是从这个方向上出题的，我们不可能了解的很深入，研究得彻底，至少做到心中有数，知道存在这样东西或这个事件，能有兴趣知道来龙去脉就更好了。虽然说托福的设计原则是让一个对文章主题所涉及的主题没有这方面知识的人，也能成功作答。但是如果你之前对这个主题有所了解，那么你就比其他同学对文章理解的更加彻底了，回答更能得心应手了。

托福写作结尾段构成元素

1. 再次陈述主题。用 paraphrase 方式再次呈现主题陈述中出现的三要素: a.问题中存在争议的地方; b.观点;c.理由。

2. 结束句。放在陈述完主题之后。

托福写作辅导提出结尾段结束句的三种常见写法：

一. 托福作文的后总结教训或提出建议

In conclusion, whether to imitate or vary from others to achieve success, it hinges mostly on the occupations we engage in. For jobs like doctors that require routine practices, it is unnecessary for them to make alterations to become successful. Whereas artists like painters whose works are characteristic of creativity and imagination, it is of crucial importance to distinguish from others to succeed.

二. 提出令人忧虑的结果或可能出现的负面结果

假设读者没有想作者说的那样去做，在结论中提出将会出现的负面结果，帮助读者预见到令人忧虑的后果，进而令读者自然第接受作者的意见。

e.g., To summarize, on one hand, for artists who are fortunate to profit immensely from their occupation, it is unnecessary for the government to offer additional financial incentives for them. On the other hand, government should provide financial support and appropriate policies to impoverished artists who engage in conventional craftsmanship because these are viewed as national treasure and cultural heritage of the country. If the government did not support those unfortunate traditional artists, the valuable conventional forms of arts would disappear very soon.

三. 提出问题留待读者思考

In conclusion, it is inevitable for children to commit mistakes at a young age, parents should play their part to instill the importance of good behaviors in their children. Parents should allow children to make small mistakes as a meaningful learning experience. However, what would be like if parents permit their children to commit serious mistakes like theft and robbery?

结尾段常用表达方式：

Finally, thus, in a word, in brief;

In conclusion, to conclude, in the end;

In the final analysis, in a nutshell, on the whole;

To summarize, to encapsulate, in sum, in summary

In light of these facts, considering these ideas

托福阅读

篇5：托福阅读难点题型解题方法解读

托福阅读难点题型解题方法解读事实信息题这么做更靠谱

托福阅读事实信息题提问方式介绍

方式1：Accordingto paragraph… which of the following statements is true of / concerned with /related to X?

例：According toparagraph 1, what was true of the Sahara region around 6,000 B.C.? (官方真题Official 28 EarlySaharan Pastoralists)

方式2：Accordingto paragraph… why / how / what….?

例：According to paragraph 1, why is playdifficult to define? (官方真题Official 30 Role of Playin Development)

分析：通过以上两种不同提问方式可以总结出该题型有以下几个特点：

1). 该题型是就某段话当中的某个细节信息(即提问方式1中的X)进行提问。

2). 该题型可以围绕该细节信息的不同方面进行提问，通过特殊疑问词which;what; why; how可以看出。

3). 由于题干中未出现infer;suggest; indicate等字样，所以该题型旨在考察文本信息的字面含义，无需考生进行文本的隐含意推理。

托福阅读事实信息题解题步骤分享

Step 1: 读题干，找出定位词

注意：如果是提问方式1, 那么定位词则是位于介词of/with/ to后面的信息。

如果是提问方式2, 那么定位词一般是名词，并且是非主题性的名词(当然定位词不一定只能找一个，一般可以找2到3个，因为定位词越多相对定位的位置也会越精确。)

例：

Accordingto paragraph 2, which of the following presents a particular challenge toresearchers who study play behavior in animals?(官方真题Official30 Role of Play in Development)

分析：通过提问方式类似于第1种提问方式，其实题干可以改写成whichof the following statements is true of the challenge to researchers who… 因此，定位词应该是位于介词of后面的challenge toresearchers。至于后面的playbehavior就不需要了，因为它属于通篇的主题词。

Accordingto paragraph 4, how did the Catholic Church react to the introduction ofmechanical clocks? (官方真题Official 30 The Inventionof Mechanical Clock)

分析：通过提问方式属于第2种提问方式，因此考生们应该在题干中找出名词部分，考生们可以看到两组名词：CatholicChurch和MechanicalClocks, 并且这两组词都是我们所需要的定位词。

Paragraph5 answers which of the following questions about mechanical clocks. (官方真题Official 30 The Invention of Mechanical Clock)

分析：通过题干找出题干中唯一疑似的定位词组Mechanical Clocks, 但是却发现整篇文章都在讨论MechanicalClocks。这种类型的提问方式是考生们最怕看到的，因为定位词无效。此刻建议考生们可以反过来先读选项，然后根据选项中的定位词回读段落寻找答案。

Step 2: 通过题干中定位词回原文进行定位

注意：在定位的过程中考生们可能会遇到以下2个问题：

问题1：定位词在原文中可能是非原文原词(如果是专有名词一般在原文中就是原文原词，但如果是普通名词则有可能是非原文原词)。

问题2：定位词在原文中出现不止一次。

Step3: 比较定位句与选项的内容，选出语义最接近的选项

注意：

1). 考生们所看到的定位句可能是一个非常长的句子，而选项相对比较简短，所以考生们一定要学会从长难句中截取你所需要的能回答问题的部分。简单点说就是比如题干中问你why….;那么，此时考生们在分析原文定位句时应该重点看because这种能够解释的部分。

2). 考生们在比较定位句与选项时切忌不能随意推理，只需要把握文本的字面意思即可。

托福阅读句子简化题如何答

句子简化题是新题型之一，在这里我们相信的讲解一下.对于句子简化题，有一些题目如果句子不长，我们做题的基本原则就是：同义替换.找到原句中的关键的词在选项当中进行同义替换.例如，

In evolutionary history, the development of language set humans apart fromthe rest of the animal kingdom.

Which sentence below best expresses the essential information in the highlighted sentence in the passage? Incorrect choices change the meaning in important ways or leave out essential information.

A. Humans evolved as the most powerful species after they are developed language.

B. The creation of human language has its origins in the language of animals.

C. The emergence of language distinguished early humans from other animals.

D. Humans and animals developed completed different systems of communication.

先来看题干：Which sentence below best expresses the essential information in the highlighted sentence in the passage? Incorrect choices change the meaning in important ways or leave out essential information.

该题要求从选项中选择一个能够表达原文阴影句子核心信息的句子.很多同学采用翻译的方法做题，即首先翻译原句，然后逐个翻译四个选项.这种做法不仅浪费时间，而且对我们的读句子的能力要求极高.更好的做法是，首先判断句子的核心信息.这是考题当中为数不多的原句比较简单的句子释义题，原句的核心概念在于强调区分(apart from).因此找到同义替换，即是C项当中的distinguished.但是大多数题目的原文不会是一个简单句，多数是带有逻辑关系的复杂句.那么简单的同义替换技巧就无法操作了.如何快速解决这种题型呢?我们主要分两个部分来解析.

其实，我们在托福阅读读原句的时候并不需要完整的彻底的摄取信息，相反，我们通过快速浏览，只需要关注两个关键点：一是原句当中的表示程度，频率的词，二是原句当中的逻辑关系.并不需要吸收所有信息，只需要快速浏览将所关注的信息点抓住即可，这样便节省了大量的时间.

The extreme seriousness of desertification results from the vast areas of land and the tremendous numbers of people affected, as well as from the great difficulty of reversing or even slowing the process.

Which sentence below best expresses the essential information in the highlighted sentence in the passage? Incorrect choices change the meaning in important ways or leave out essential information.

A. Desertification is a significant problem because it is so hard to reverse and affects large areas of land and great numbers of people.

B. Slowing down the process of desertification is difficult because of population growth.

C. The spread of deserts is considered a very serious problem that can be solved only if large numbers of people in various countries are involved in the effort.

D. Desertification is extremely hard to reverse unless the population is reduced in the vast areas affected.

托福阅读解题思路：

句子中最核心的信息首先就是该句的逻辑关系.原句的逻辑关系可以由result from 来判断，为因果关系.借此我们就可以缩小选项范围，首先排除掉C,D选项.剩下的A,B两个选项均包含因果的逻辑关系.接下来我们可以根据句子的第二种核心信息：主语，来判断.原句的主语是Desertification沙漠化，而B项的主语是Slowing down the process of desertification减缓沙漠化进程.所以排除掉B选项，A为正确答案.

将通过程度词解题和借助逻辑关系解题结合起来，对于解答带有逻辑关系的复杂句的释义题很有帮助.我们看一下下面这道题目：

It is one of the most important sensations because it is translated into a negative reaction, such as withdrawal from danger.

Which sentence below best expresses the essential information in the highlighted sentence in the passage? Incorrect choices change the meaning in important ways or leave out essential information.

A. Escaping from danger is a negative reaction, but it is the most important thing an individual learns.

B. The ability to sense pain is extremely important because pain signals the body to respond to a threat.

C. Experiencing pain is one type of reaction to a negative stimulus; another type is avoiding danger.

D. We experience a lot of sensations, and the most important ones are translated into appropriate actions.

浏览原句，从because可以看出逻辑关系为因果关系，并且原句当中有绝对化词汇most.仅仅凭借most这个程度很强的词汇我们可以排除C选项.因为原文当中带有绝对化词汇而选项中没有，那么这个选项为必错选项.接下来利用逻辑关系排除A项，A中为转折关系.而B恰恰有because 这个词，此外B中的extremely可以作为most的同义替换.正确答案为B.

几乎每一篇文章后面都会有一道释义题，因此考生应加强练习.平时在阅读文章，或者报刊杂志的时候不仅仅要把注意力放在读懂原文上，还应该注意原文的逻辑关系，培养根据逻辑关系思考的习惯.另外，一些程度词的存在也会影响我们对原文的精确理解，平时阅读的时候应当多加关注.

达到托福阅读满分必经的三个训练

托福阅读理解满分(full mark)的出现必须依赖于三个方面的训练：

1、托福阅读词汇(vocabulary)

从某种意义上来讲，词汇量的大小是TOEFL阅读理解高分的基础(basis)和关键。如果词汇量没有达到基本要求(五千以上)，纵然你有“葵花宝典”在手，也只能命丧ETS的“毒招”之下。所以，以牺牲词汇量为代价的技巧练习简直是一味巨毒无比的“五毒散”。

2、托福阅读技巧(reading skill)

TOEFL的阅读量非常大，一般的中国考生根本无法把文章全部读完，所谓的“扫读法”、“跳读法”和“略读法”也只能适用于少数类型的文章，根本不能解决本质(essence)问题。那么，文章到底应该怎么读法呢?一句话，主动地(initiative)阅读文章的关键部位。

所谓主动是指不能像一般的阅读那样完全被动地(passive)接受信息，而应该不断的进行思考和预测;所谓关键部位，主要是每一段的开头和结尾部分。由于TOEFL的阅读理解文章全部选自于正式出版物(publication)，文章的逻辑(logic)结构非常完整(complete)和严谨 (rigorous)，而且出现的逻辑模式也是屈指可数。

经过系统的训练，考生的预测可以做到非常准确的程度(accurate degree)。这样，通过阅读文章的几处关键部位，就能很快地把握整个文章的结构和内在的逻辑关系，也就解决了问题的70%.

3、解题训练(training)

排除法(exclusive method)恐怕是一直以来大多数学生在解阅读理题目时使用最多的方法。事实上(in fact)，这种方法具有致命的缺点(fatal disadvantage)：干扰大、费时间。更有效和迅速的办法是读完题干之后，就在脑子反映出一个模糊的(vague)或者是不完整的(incomplete)答案，然后直接在选项中寻找接近的(close)答案进行判断(to judge)。这种能力必须在平时的训练和讲解中逐渐 (gradually)养成和加强，决非什么技巧之类的东西可以替代(to replace)。

除了上述三方面的训练之外，如果能够对一些基本的背景知识(background knowledge)加以补充的话，更能确保阅读理解的准确率(accuracy)和速度(speed)。

所以托福阅读理解的真正提高并不是去学习一些技巧，而是在训练中养成一种无意识的(unconscious)使用技巧的习惯(habit)，做到实力与技巧巧妙的结合(combination)。考生在备考的时候一定要事先了解一下类似的问题，这样能够给大家的备考带来不小的帮助。大家一定要早准备!通过积累，一定会有所收获!

篇6：托福阅读难点易错题型解题思路实例解析

托福阅读难点易错题型解题思路实例解析：句子简化题

托福阅读句子简化题解题基本思路实例介绍

对于句子简化题，有一些题目如果句子不长，我们做题的基本原则就是：同义替换。

找到原句中的关键的词在选项当中进行同义替换。例如：

In evolutionary history, the development of language set humans apart fromthe rest of the animal kingdom.

Which sentence below best expresses the essential information in the highlighted sentence in the passage? Incorrect choices change the meaning in important ways or leave out essential information.

A. Humans evolved as the most powerful species after they are developed language.

B. The creation of human language has its origins in the language of animals.

C. The emergence of language distinguished early humans from other animals.

D. Humans and animals developed completed different systems of communication.

该题要求从选项中选择一个能够表达原文阴影句子核心信息的句子。很多同学采用翻译的方法做题，即首先翻译原句，然后逐个翻译四个选项。这种做法不仅浪费时间，而且对我们的读句子的能力要求极高。更好的做法是，首先判断句子的核心信息。这是考题当中为数不多的原句比较简单的句子释义题，原句的核心概念在于强调区分(apart from)。因此找到同义替换，即是C项当中的distinguished。但是大多数题目的原文不会是一个简单句，多数是带有逻辑关系的复杂句。那么简单的同义替换技巧就无法操作了。如何快速解决这种题型呢?我们主要分两个部分来解析。

其实，我们在读原句的时候并不需要完整的彻底的摄取信息，相反，我们通过快速浏览，只需要关注两个关键点：一是原句当中的表示程度，频率的词，二是原句当中的逻辑关系。并不需要吸收所有信息，只需要快速浏览将所关注的信息点抓住即可，这样便节省了大量的时间。

The extreme seriousness of desertification results from the vast areas of land and the tremendous numbers of people affected, as well as from the great difficulty of reversing or even slowing the process.

Which sentence below best expresses the essential information in the highlighted sentence in the passage? Incorrect choices change the meaning in important ways or leave out essential information.

A. Desertification is a significant problem because it is so hard to reverse and affects large areas of land and great numbers of people.

B. Slowing down the process of desertification is difficult because of population growth.

C. The spread of deserts is considered a very serious problem that can be solved only if large numbers of people in various countries are involved in the effort.

D. Desertification is extremely hard to reverse unless the population is reduced in the vast areas affected.

解题思路：

句子中最核心的信息首先就是该句的逻辑关系。原句的逻辑关系可以由result from 来判断，为因果关系。借此我们就可以缩小选项范围，首先排除掉C,D选项。剩下的A,B两个选项均包含因果的逻辑关系。接下来我们可以根据句子的第二种核心信息：主语，来判断。原句的主语是Desertification沙漠化，而B项的主语是Slowing down the process of desertification减缓沙漠化进程。所以排除掉B选项，A为正确答案。

将通过程度词解题和借助逻辑关系解题结合起来，对于解答带有逻辑关系的复杂句的释义题很有帮助。我们看一下下面这道题目：

It is one of the most important sensations because it is translated into a negative reaction, such as withdrawal from danger.

Which sentence below best expresses the essential information in the highlighted sentence in the passage? Incorrect choices change the meaning in important ways or leave out essential information.

A. Escaping from danger is a negative reaction, but it is the most important thing an individual learns.

B. The ability to sense pain is extremely important because pain signals the body to respond to a threat.

C. Experiencing pain is one type of reaction to a negative stimulus; another type is avoiding danger.

D. We experience a lot of sensations, and the most important ones are translated into appropriate actions.

浏览原句，从because可以看出逻辑关系为因果关系，并且原句当中有绝对化词汇most。仅仅凭借most这个程度很强的词汇我们可以排除C选项。因为原文当中带有绝对化词汇而选项中没有，那么这个选项为必错选项。接下来利用逻辑关系排除A项，A中为转折关系。而B恰恰有because 这个词，此外B中的extremely可以作为most的同义替换。正确答案为B。

几乎每一篇文章后面都会有一道释义题，因此考生应加强练习。平时在阅读文章，或者报刊杂志的时候不仅仅要把注意力放在读懂原文上，还应该注意原文的逻辑关系，培养根据逻辑关系思考的习惯。另外，一些程度词的存在也会影响我们对原文的精确理解，平时阅读的时候应当多加关注。

托福阅读备考要清楚三个问题

托福阅读复习时间安排

关于复习的时间安排：弄完词汇以后，就应该着手突击一下阅读了。如今各种各样的模拟题犹如英语辅导班一样大量涌现。不会出现我们早期考生有题舍不得做的情况了。但也不能太急功近利，单词没弄好就硬上阅读，有时候会适得其反。用1周的时间大量的突击，也是对单词的一个巩固。找到感觉以后就可以开始下面的复习了。复习听力口语作文的日子里，每天一定要最少做3篇文章的题量，按照考试的时间要求，千万不可放松。做得多了，就可以把阅读当作一种放松了。ETS的托福阅读文章能教给我们各种学科的基础知识。

无论是OG还是Delta，都把阅读的题目分成十类，即：Understanding Facts and Details， Identifying Negative Facts， Locating Referents， Understanding Vocabulary in Context， Making Inferences， Determining Purposes， Recognizing Paraphrases (Simplifying sentences)， Recognizing Coherence (Sentence inserting)， Summarizing Important Ideas and Organizing information. 我将按顺序一一解释。

托福阅读必须要读懂每字每句

托福阅读考试中许多考生认为阅读文章时必须要读懂每字每句，事实上，这是不必要的。托福阅读考试中，即使遇到陌生的词，但是根据上下文的意思以及自己的一些常识判断，也不太会影响对文章的理解。特别是托福阅读这种题目涉及面广，信息量大的形式，掌握阅读和答题的技巧，对在托福阅读考试中是会有很大帮助的。

在托福阅读中，甚至可以扩展到ETS所有考试的阅读题目中，如果要用一个词来概括的话，那就是paraphrase，意译。无论是题干还是正确选项，大都能在原文中找出一句话来与之相对应。即题目是原文的意译。这种意译是通过同义词来完成的。即题干中多用近义词来对原文中的句子进行替换，来达到提出问题或者提出正确答案的意思。准确把握意译，是多数题目中准确在原文中定位信息、或者在迷惑选项中选出正确的那个，都有着重要的作用。

托福阅读先看题目还是先看文章

关于先看题目还是先看文章的问题。也就是做题时间安排的问题。在此问题上我与有的朋友也有过争执。我个人习惯是先用5—7分钟的时间通读全文，然后平均每个问题有1分钟的时间来回答。由于对问题的回答建立在了熟悉全文的基础上，每个问题又有足够的时间返回全文，每个选项都一一进行斟酌。我认为这样准确率比较高。但有的朋友本着居家过日子的心，认为1000多字的文章只出十几个题，必然有一些信息是没用的。这样通读全文就会浪费掉一些时间，不如先看题再回去找来的痛快。每个人都应该通过考前大量的练习来制定出最为适合自己的方法。

托福阅读速度的提高方法介绍

第一步：花两三分钟时间扫描每篇文章头一两个句子，定位文章难易程度。虽然平均每篇文章做题时间为11分钟，但是有的文章七八分钟便可以轻松对付，有的文章则需要15分钟左右。一般来说，5篇文章中有2篇难度大一些，比方说：如果最后一篇文章难度大，且12-14道题，在这种情况下，按部就班做题就有可能因时间不够而做错好几道题，带来巨大的损失。因此首先定位文章难程度，同时目测文章的含金量(即题量分布)，有助于科学分配阅读部分的做题时间。

第二步：采取“结构扫描”法阅读具体的一篇文章。所谓结构，即文章的骨架子。TOEFL文章是纯学术体(Academic)，是北美国际留学生在大学里天天都能接触到的教科书风格的文章，这些文章涉及人文社科和自然科学，均议论文、说明文，最显著的特点是呈板块结构。

TOEFL文章均由数个自然段组成，正确的阅读文章的方法应该是把文章首句先吃透，文章首句经常为文章主题。然后把首段的其他句子尽快略读，文章其他段落采取同样的方法阅读。各段落其他句子一般来说都是用来说明各个段落的主题句，没有必要每个句子理解难度大，而不涉及考题，在此句停留无疑是白白浪费时间。所以，采取“结构扫描”法，意味着以最快捷的方式了解文章大意，从而正确引导下一步做具体的题，而不至于出现大方向的理解错误。

托福阅读技巧：阅读题复习的完美策略

托福阅读考试并不是特别难，但说来却也不简单。在复习中就要有应对新托福阅读技巧，那么准备参加托福考试的同学们，一定要合理安排时间，提早进行托福报名了。下面为同学们介绍托福阅读的复习策略，希望对同学们的托福考试有所帮助：

分段托福阅读做题，省去“扫读”的时间

在四六级考试中，阅读时间也很少，虽然单词相对简单，但是篇幅较长，逐字阅读肯定是没有时间的，所以做题技巧中扫读是很重要的环节，目的是找到与题目相关的段落或者语句才能找到做题依据。而在托福阅读考试中，是每阅读完一段就做只涉及该段的题目，信息集中，重要的是节省了大量的时间，缓解了托福阅读文章通篇的眩晕感。而这部分题目就是四六级中常说的细节题。

文章说明性强，生词不必怕

托福阅读考试中对单词量的要求还是很大的，即使单词量很大了，也难免会遇上生僻词的情况，而托福考试中选用的文章说明性特别强，往往是自定义 — 自解释的模式，遇到生词，即使不知道什么意思，也可以根据上下文语境弄清它们之间的关系，运用逻辑推理的方法作出正确的答案。其次，还可以分析选项，进行对比，往往会发现选项中通常会出现两个意思相反的选项，此时再仔细重读原文就可以排除错误选项了。

托福阅读，近义词选择有技巧

几乎每段中都会有生词意思辨析题，有些词考生一看就认识，这样的题目就很容易了，但是也不能粗心大意，如果时间富裕或者把握不大，可以把选项带入文章中检查一遍。对于那些不认识的词汇，也是有许多技巧的。首先是分析词性，采用排除法排除词性不一致的选项。其次是用代入法。选项中给出的词意一般就是考生认识的，将选项带入，分析一下是否能够保证原文合情合理，通顺。

分段托福阅读打基础，全篇文章心里明

在分段阅读的同时，可以记下关键词或者中心句，在文章结束时就可以有根据回想起整篇文章的脉络结构，逻辑关系，对14题的选择有很大帮助。同时题目中也明确给了做题方法，即没有提到的信息或者不重要的观点就可以排除了。

篇7：托福阅读推理题题型介绍和解题思路实例讲解

1、时间对比推理

在这种推理中，一般有两个形成对比的时间段，它们所具有的特征一般相反。当题干问一个时间段的特征时，只要将与之相反的时间段的特征否定掉就可以了。

2、集合概念推理

一个大的集合的两个方面形成对比，两者之间存在着互补性关系，也就是一个的增加意味着另一个的减少。反之，相同。

3、一般对比推理

在文章中介绍事物1的特征，并给出了事物1、2的特征对比，然后问事物2的特征，解答题目时只要将事物1的特征否定掉就可以。

篇8：托福阅读推理题题型介绍和解题思路实例讲解

遇到这类题型，考生先不要盲目看选项，而要有个大致的解题思路。题干中一般给出关键词A，学生根据题目出现位置对应到段落，找到关键词所在句子;然后根据内容依据以上说明判断题目属于三种推理类型的哪一种;最后根据类型对应的解题方法答题。

实例解析

The story of the westward movement of population in the US is, in the main, the story of the expansion of American agriculture of the development of new areas for the raising of livestock and the cultivation of wheat, corn, tobacco, and cotton. After 1815, improved transportation enabled more and more western farmers to escape a self-sufficient way of life and enter a national market economy during periods when commodity prices were high, the rate of westward migration increased spectacularly.

What can be inferred from paragraph 1 about western farmers prior to 1815?

A. They had limited their crop production to wheat, corn, tobacco and cotton.

B. They were able to sell their produce at high prices

C. They had not been successful in raising cattle.

D. They did not operate in a national market economy.

思路分析

根据题干关键词western farmers prior to 1815定位(重点关注年代)，可以看到关于“After 1815”的信息，这里就可以猜测解题用到时间对比。只要把18之后的内容看懂了，并且在这个内容前面加not即可。文中说到，改善的交通使得越来越多的西部农民摆脱了自给自足的生活，并且进入了国家性的市场经济，那个时候货物的价格很多，所以向西迁移的速率也大幅增长。所以选项D是正确的。

托福阅读背景材料之性格决定魅力

If you exhibit positive traits such as honesty and helpfulness， the chances are that you will be perceived as a good looking person， for a new study has found that the perception of physical attractiveness is influenced by a person's personality.

The study， led by Gary W. Lewandowski， Jr， found that people who exhibit negative traits， such as unfairness and rudeness， appear to be less physically attractive to observers.

In the study， the participants viewed photographs of opposite-sex individuals and rated them for attractiveness before and after being provided with information on personality traits.

After personality information was received， participants also rated the desirability of each individual as a friend and as a dating partner.

Information on personality was found to significantly alter perceived desirability， showing that cognitive processes modify judgments of attractiveness.

“Perceiving a person as having a desirable personality makes the person more suitable in general as a close relationship partner of any kind，” said Lewandowski.

The findings show that a positive personality leads to greater desirability as a friend， which leads to greater desirability as a romantic partner and， ultimately， to being viewed as more physically attractive.

The findings remained consistent regardless of how “attractive” the individual was initially perceived to be， or of the participants' current relationship status or commitment level with a partner.

What would you think of this lady's physical attractiveness if she exhibited bad personal traits?

“This research provides a more positive alternative by reminding people that personality goes a long way toward determining your attractiveness; it can even change people's impressions of how good looking you are，” said Lewandowski.

如果你表现出诚实和乐于助人等美好品质，那么别人会觉得你的外表也很迷人。一项最新研究发现，一个人的性格会影响别人对他或她的外表吸引力的看法。

该项由盖里?W?勒万多维斯基负责的研究发现，人们认为，表现出不诚实和粗鲁等恶劣品质的人外表也不够吸引人。

研究对象首先观看了一组异性的照片，随后分别在得知照片中人物的性格特点之前和之后给他们的外表评分。

研究对象在得知照片中人物的性格特点后，还对与其中每个人交朋友或做恋人的期望值进行了评分。

研究人员发现，有关人物性格特点的信息大大改变了之前的喜好度评分，研究对象的认知过程改变了他们对照片中人物外表的评价。

勒万多维斯基说：“总的来说，如果人们认为一个人的性格较好，那么他们会觉得无论与这个人做朋友还是做恋人都更合适。”

研究结果表明，人们更期望与性格较好的人交朋友、成为恋人，从而会认为他们的外表更迷人。

无论照片中人物给人的“第一印象”怎样、或者研究对象目前的情感关系状况以及与伴侣的亲密程度如何，研究结果都是一致的。

勒万多维斯基说：“该研究提出了一个更为积极的观点，它提醒人们，性格在很大程度上能决定你的吸引力;性格甚至能够改变人们对于你外表的印象。”

大量的托福阅读背景知识积累对于托福阅读非常有帮助，不管是英文原版还是中文翻译版，同学们都可以大量去阅读，熟悉内容即可。

托福阅读背景知识之水烟的危害

World health experts warned Thursday that smoking water pipes, long popular in the Middle East and North Africa and with a growing fan base elsewhere, can be more harmful than cigarettes.

世界卫生专家近期警告称，在中东和北非盛行的水烟危害程度可能比香烟更大，全球其他地区也有越来越多的水烟爱好者。

“A single puff from a water pipe is nearly equal to the volume of smoke inhaled from an entire cigarette,” said The Tobacco Atlas launched at the World Conference on Tobacco OR Health in Abu Dhabi.

在阿布扎比的世界烟草或健康大会上推出的世界烟草图册显示;“从水烟管吸入一口的烟量几乎等于吸入一整只香烟的量。”

And World Health Organization tobacco expert Edouard Tursan d'Espaignet said ”one session of shisha (water pipe) can be equal to smoking 20 to 30 cigarettes in one go, which can be very dangerous.“

世界卫生组织烟草专家爱德华·图尔桑·艾斯帕内特说“吸食一次什莎(水烟)的量可能等于一口气吸食20到30只香烟的量，这是很危险的。”

The water pipe, variously known as a hubbly-bubbly, hookah, shisha or nargileh, has become a major worry for anti-tobacco campaigners as its is popularised across university campuses, overlooked by regulators.

水烟的叫法五花八门，如 hubbly-bubbly，hookah，shisha或者nargileh，而因为其在大学校园颇为流行并被管理者忽视，所以水烟已成为反烟运动者主要的担忧。

In recent years, its use has spread to the United States, Europe and, to a lesser extent,South America.

近年来，水烟已流入美国、欧洲和南美的部分地区。

Gemma Vestal of the WHO's Tobacco Free Initiative told AFP that while shishas were previously the domain of older males, ”younger people between 18- and 24-years old living in cities and educated“ are increasingly smoking them.

世界卫生组织无烟倡议行动的杰玛·维斯塔说，虽然先前吸食水烟的群体是老年男性，但是越来越多年龄在18岁到24岁之间、住在城市且受过教育的年轻人都开始吸食水烟。

The chairman of pathology and laboratory medicine at the American University of Beirut, Ghazi Zaatari, says aromatic flavourings known as maasal added to the tobacco offer younger smokers a ”smoother and more tolerated“ alternative to the taste of traditional tobacco.

贝鲁特美国大学的病理学和实验室医学主席加齐·扎泰里说，水烟中添加的一种叫做maasal的芳香味道给年轻烟民提供了比传统烟草“更顺畅，更易接受”的味道。

And the ”water pipe has an interesting design because it somewhat engages your five senses. You're holding the hose, there’s something you're looking at, there is the aroma, there is the sound of the bubbling and there is this kind of sensational thing with the social gathering.“

而且水烟的设计很有趣，因为它从某种程度上同时调动吸烟者的五官感受。你拿着烟管，你看着它，它有香味，它有冒泡的声音，此外，在社交聚会中吸水烟是一件多么美妙的事。

In social gatherings that last for an average of an hour, the smoker can quickly get ”hooked on it because of the nicotine.“

在持续平均一小时的社交聚会中，水烟吸食者会迅速对它上瘾，因为它含有尼古丁。

Moreover, the smoke from charcoal used to heat the tobacco contains toxins.

此外，用于加热烟草木炭释放的烟雾也含有毒素。

The WHO said harmful effects include impact on the ”respiratory system, cardiovascular system, oral activity and teeth.“

世界卫生组织称，它会对人的健康造成危害，包括损坏呼吸系统，心血管系统，口腔活动和牙齿等。

In addition to the dangers of lung cancer, data also suggest probable associations with oral, oesophageal, gastric, and urinary bladder cancer, as well as chronic bronchitis, cardiovascular disease, stroke as well as other illnesses.

除了肺癌的危险，数据还表明吸食水烟的危害可能与口腔癌、食管癌、胃癌和膀胱癌，以及慢性支气管炎、心血管疾病、中风，以及其他疾病相关联。

Global tobacco companies are increasingly investing in the water pipe business, experts say, while little has been done to curb their use, despite a crackdown on cigarettes.

专家表示，全球的烟草公司正越来越多地投资于水烟行业，但是除了打击烟草行业以外，对于水烟的消费没有任何限制措施。

According to The Tobacco Atlas, ”water pipes fall into a less heavily or un-regulated group of tobacco products“ in most countries.

根据烟草图册介绍，水烟在大多数国家是不受严重监管或不监管的烟草产品。 ”There has been a gap for a while and now hopefully, with this global effort, they (tobacco regulators) are coming back to emphasise the importance of including the water pipe in all these policies and regulations on tobacco,“ Zaatari said.

“这个缺口已经存在一段时间了，希望通过全球的努力，他们(烟草监管者)能够强调将水烟纳入所有烟草政策和法规监管的重要性，”扎泰里说。

Brazil has taken measures to ban flavourings, while Turkey has extended warning labelling from cigarette packets to include the water pipe.

巴西已经采取措施禁止在水烟中加入香料，同时土耳其已将之前有关香烟烟盒上必须有警告标志的规定执行范围扩展至水烟领域。

And the ruler of the UAE emirate of Sharjah has banned the use of water pipes altogether, earning him an award this week from the WHO.

阿拉伯联合酋长国的沙迦酋长国国王已下令彻底禁止吸食水烟，世界卫生组织因此给他颁了一个奖。

Vocabulary

pathology：病理学

hose：软管

aroma：香味

oesophageal cancer：食道癌

urinary bladder cancer：膀胱癌

托福趣味阅读之麦兜的鱼丸粗面

McDull: Fish ball noodle, please.

麦兜：麻烦你，鱼丸粗面!

School Principal and Logan: No noodle left.

老板：没有粗面了。

McDull: Fish ball rice noodle then.

麦兜：这样啊……来一碗鱼丸河粉吧。

School Principal and Logan: No fish ball left.

老板：没有鱼丸。

McDull: Chicken wing noodle then.

麦兜：这样啊……金钱肚粗面好了。

School Principal and Logan: No noodle left.

老板：没有粗面。

McDull: How about fish ball congee?

麦兜：那么要鱼丸油面吧。

School Principal and Logan: No fish ball left.

老板：没有鱼丸。

McDull: Nothing left today? How about beef noodle?

麦兜：怎么样样都没了?那要个墨鱼丸粗面吧。

School Principal and Logan: No noodle left.

老板：没有粗面。

McDull: Again? Fried chicken wing with fish ball...

麦兜：又没啊?那麻烦来碗鱼丸金钱肚吧。

School Principal and Logan: No fish ball left.

老板：没有鱼丸。

Darby: Hey, fish ball and noodle are both gone... You can't combine them with other things.

得巴：麦兜啊，鱼丸和粗面都卖光了，也就是所有的鱼丸或者粗面的搭配都没有了。

McDull: Can't combine them? A bowl of fish ball then.

麦兜：哦~没有那些搭配啊?那麻烦要净鱼丸吧。

School Principal and Logan: No fish ball left.

老板：没有鱼丸。

McDull: A bowl of noodle?

麦兜：那么净粗面呢?

School Principal and Logan: No noodle left.

老板：没有粗面

篇9：托福阅读四大题型解题思路讲解

托福阅读四大题型解题思路讲解

新托福阅读题目和旧托福考试相比，有一定改变。并从ETS公布的样题来看，新托福考试阅读中有两类题目不再出现：(1)主旨题。因为新托福阅读文章都带有标题，所以原来几乎每篇文章都会出现的全文主旨题不再出现。(2)行数对应题。新托福阅读文章不再像旧托福文章一样标注行号，所以行数对应题目自然就消失了。另外，旧托福考试中对应文章某处词汇并举的简单排除题在样题中没有出现，但是我们不能确定在正式的考题中是否会出现这一类题型。

按照ETS对样题的解释，阅读部分的题目类型包括fact, inference, insert text, not/except, pronoun reference, rhetorical purpose, vocabulary, sentence simplification, prose summary, schematic table十类。其中，文本插入(insert text)、句子简化(sentence simplification)、文章小结(prose summary)和示意表格(schematic table)这四类题是旧托福中没有的。

A、文本插入：在原文某段落中标记四个位置，要求考生选择最为合适的位置插入题目所给出的一个句子。这类题目实际上在旧托福的机考中已经存在，其主要目的是考察考生对段落结构的掌握和语言连贯性的知识，对于考生来说难度不大。

B、句子简化：在原文中高亮标记一个句子，要求考生从四个选项中选择能够简要表达此句子核心信息的描述。这类题型考察考生对句子的分析和理解能力，以及多样化表达的能力，要求考生能准确理解句子的含义，并能区分核心信息、边缘信息及无关信息。

C、文章小结：题目根据文章内容给出一个概述性的句子，要求考生从6个选项中选择3个表达文章重要观点的概述性句子，从而完成对文章整体内容的概括和小结。这类题目要求考生对文章结构和框架性内容把握准确，并能有效区分文章核心信息和非核心的细节信息。

D、示意表格：题目要求考生对选项内容按照文章的表述进行分类，根据文章的内容把选项填入对应的分类表格中。从样题来看，考生需要从7个选项中选择5个选项进行分类。这类题目主要考察考生对细节内容的掌握，需要考生准确理解文章所涉及到的重要细节。

在这几类题目中，文章小结和示意表格都是多项选择题目，按照ETS的解释，这两类题目的原始分值为2分或3分，而其他类型的题目分值为1分

四种新题考查目的清晰，考查的是考生对文章内涵的理解能力和整体结构的把握能力及对细节的敏锐程度。”ETS在本次网上测试中公布的新托福全真试题的确变化较大，出现了一些新题型，听力和语法部分的考查形式改动也较多。但是，这些新题型只是相对现行托福而言，其实题目早见过，不过是借鉴了美国其他一些考试而已。“

另外，阅读由五篇文章改成三篇文章，时间由55分钟变为60分钟，也是新托福的显着变化之一。考生先前传闻阅读部分难度增加了，每篇文章的长度增加了近50%，出现了几种新题型，考生的认识也不无道理。

重要观点题为多项选择题,答案不定项，而句子入位题实际上在美国的CAT(计算机适应性考试)中早就出现了,要求考生快速了解文章的结构，提炼中心思想。句子解释题就细节而言，是让考生解释文章中某句话的内涵，有些考生误把它当作是翻译就大错特错了。这种题在美国SAT考试(相当于国内的高考) 中很普遍，只要多练习，难度也不大。

托福技巧：托福阅读长难句如何巧妙攻破?

很多考生在准备托福考试的时候，总会发现部分托福考试中的句子远远超出了自己的能力范围。这就是我们所说的托福阅读长难句，托福长难句在考试中最直接的运用就是考察插入句子题和解释句子题，下面，新东方网托福频道就为大家介绍攻克托福阅读长难句的四种逻辑关系。

1.因果关系

因：because, because of, for, as, since, in that, on account of, with

果：so, so that, therefore, thereby, as a result, hence, thus, consequently, accordingly

因果关系除了传统意义上的显性因果表达词外，隐性的因果同样是不可忽略的一个重要部分。

隐性因果：

A 导致(因-果)：cause, reason, lead to, give rise to, result in, render, make, let, ask, support, push, stimulate, spark, spur, fuel, produce, be responsible for

如：The increased pressures of expanding populations have led to the removal of woody plants so that many cities and towns are surrounded by large areas completely lacking in trees and shrubs.

在这段话中，有lead to，表示了导致的意思，即结果;而so that 更进一步表示了后面的结果，所以可以充分判定这段话有因果关系的逻辑。

B 由…而来(果-因)：result from, derive from, originate from, initiate from, stem from, be responsive to, be attributable to

如：“The extreme seriousness of desertification results from the vast areas of land and tremendous numbers of people affected, as well as from the great difficulty of reversing or even slowing the process.”

在这段话中，根据result from可以推断出有因果关系，那如果是解释句子题时，选项中有因果关系就可以优先考虑。

C 反映，体现(果-因)：reflect, present, demonstrate, suggest, imply, show This result demonstrates that…

D 考虑到：given, considering, in view of, thanks to, according to He succeeded thanks to (in view of) his effort.

E 依赖于：rely on, depend on, resort to, He resorted to books when he had problems.

F 条件关系：when, once, as soon as, as long as As soon as he got the money, he would leave the country at once.

G 分词短语，不定式做状语：Failing in the final exam, she cried.

2.对比转折关系

A 对比：while, whereas, on the other hand

在解释句子题、插入句子题中，一旦出现对比关系，学生在掌握的基础上就能非常快速的判定句间和句内的关系。While, whereas 前后连接的是平行结构，on the other hand前必定有on one hand，可以用来把握句间关系。

B 转折：but, although, despite, in spite of, nevertheless, however

转折是托福阅读的一个经典考点之一，掌握这些转折词对考试非常有帮助。

3.比较关系

A 同级比较 as…as

B 比较级：more…than, -er than, less…than

C 变化：change, alter, vary, modify, revise, increase, decrease, enhance, diminish, develop, progress, advance, improve, retreat, degenerate, continue, remain

D 差异：different, distinguish, separate, same, similar, comparable, compare…to E 超越：surpass, exceed, excel, over F 最高级 1)本身有最高级含义：maximum, minimum, peak, outstanding, top 2) 本身程度比较深：amazing, surprising, astonishing, prohibitively high 3) 否定+比较=最高级 No one is more outstanding than him.

从这句话中可以看出，否定加比较表示的是一种最高级关系。

4.否定关系

显性否定：no, not, never, nor, none neither 隐形否定：fail to, refuse, remove, miss, reject, absence of, lack of 否定前缀：a-, ab-, dis-, il-, im-, in-, non- , un- 否定前缀是词汇题中经常出的一个考点，把握否定前缀可以帮助考生把握一些生词，依靠否定前缀对选项进行一个排除。

双重否定：not fail to, not illegal, not uncommon, not unavailable 双重否定是英文中经常运用的表达方式，由于在平时中文对话中用的很少，随意对双重否定的把握就显得特别的重要。

托福技巧：如何提高托福阅读速度?

我们对一个句子的理解，有很多种解释。通常人们看到一个句子，会首先确定单词。这个时间很快，快到我们反映不过来，不过语言学家们已经证实有这个过程。确定单词后，大脑会反应单词的意思。最先反应的是经常用到的意思。比如The old manthe boat. 这里，眼睛定位单词后，大脑迅速把old man认为是一个名词组。当我们接着看，感觉不对，才会回头去分析这个句子。

这个理论告诉我们，你大脑中的高频词，直接影响你对句子的理解。应用到托福阅读考试中，各位需要把各个学科的高频词多看一下，比如生物的光合作用、新陈代谢，地理的地壳、_X岩石之类的。对各种名词片语、动词片语进行修饰的形容词，副词。说起来很多，其实各位有坚持做老托真题和新托的黄金23篇，可以发现这些词语重复率很高。

另外，人对句子的理解是线性的。语言能力越差的(比如小孩子)，只能理解句子的越前面，造成理解错误。(此理论仅限英语。中文不行，其他各种语言本人水平有限，不知道)从小孩子的实验来看，3到5岁的小孩理解句子只能记住前面部分。比如：Put the frog on the red paper in the box.小孩子会把青蛙放到红纸上。这里可以看到，他们阅读的时候把句子意思理解错了，没有看完。但是，非常有趣的现象是，这句话我们说给小孩子听的时候，100%的小孩子都做出了正确的选择 - 即把红纸上的青蛙装到了盒子里。

语言学给出了我们解释，影响人们认知句子的，还有语音。根据这个实验，再结合平时我自己的情况，我推出了一个有理论依据的猜测：阅读时候习惯读出声来的，会让你对句子的理解偏靠语音!从而让你对直接托福阅读句子的能力下降!很多人肯定喜欢边阅读边读，感觉这样可以加深理解。我同意，但是，如果你花了30分钟在阅和读上，那至少再花30分钟在阅上!不能让读的时间超过你看的时间。

就像我以前一样，喜欢边看边读，结果习惯了，看文章的时候，眼睛已经定位一个比较长的词语，很熟悉很熟悉，但是语音还没读到那个单词上，我的思维就卡住了，直到我读出了那个单词，我才知道这个单词的意思。这里可以看到，我已经对语音很依赖了!这个现象非常危险。

朗读的速度太慢了，浪费时间。而且ETS给出的文章中有大量故意制造的难句，就像刚才的例子：The old man the boat，肯定要导致你回头重读。你的时间是不够的。

其实我们提高托福阅读速度的前提是在理解了文章的整体含义的基础上的，所以天道小编提醒考生，如果能够在阅读的时候从更多的角度切入准备，就会不知不觉中提高阅读速度和理解的质量了。

篇10：新托福阅读题型的解题思路

新托福阅读题型的解题思路

第一种

事实信息题(Understanding the Facts and Details)

问法：这类题目一般用what/which/why/when/how/where/who等词来提问。

技巧：学会定位、仔细阅读

I。如果不能根据题干来定位的话，那么这个时候我们就需要分析题干中的关键词及短语。接着，重新返回到原文中寻找相对应的部分进行定位。关键词包括题干中出现的人名、地名、物种名、年代以及句子中的核心名词。

II。直接根据题目就能进行定位。这种情况下，题干中明确指出了出题对象在原文中所处的具体位置，比如In paragraph 1, According to the 4th paragraph等。抑或在原文中对出题对象作了重要标示，比如打阴影或斜体字等。

※ 注意错误选项的迷惑：

I。单纯地重复原文中的信息，却并没有回答问题。

II。对原文中的信息和事实进行了错误的表述。

III。不够全面。

IV。原文中未涉及或未提及的信息。

第二种

词汇题(Understanding Vocabulary in Context)

问法：I.The word/phrase X in the passage is closet in meaning to/means/refers to type of ____?

II. What is X?

技巧：

◎ I。认识原文中的词汇，知道其一种及以上的含义。那么，这时我们就可以直接从选项中寻找该词的同义词、近义词，并代入原文检验。检验至关重要，我们可以从两方面考量：熟词僻义和语法正确(见例题I、II)。

◎ II。不认识原文中的词汇。

i。根据句中的同义和反义关系来猜测词义。

ii。根据句子大意来猜测词义。

◎ III。利用单词的构成(word parts)猜测词义。例如：前缀、后缀、词干以及合成词等，在此就不一一详述，这依赖于考生平时对词汇的积累和总结。

第三种

句子插入题(Recognizing Coherence)

问法：

I.Look at the four squares____that in-dicate where the following sentence could be added to the passage.

II.Where would the following sentence best fit?

技巧：注意一些关键词或短语

I。注意代词(pronoun)和指示对象(referent)。例如：This red apple is mine. It cost me $5. 在这里，代词“it”指的是“ red apple”，如果在这两句话中间强行插入其他句子的话就会破坏代词和指示对象之间的逻辑关系。

II。注意原文中的一些过渡词。例如：therefore/in contrast/although等。

II。注意一些结构性助词。例如：On one hand…On the other hand…/Firstly…Secondly…Thirdly…等。

IV。选项句与原文某些句子都重复出现了相同或相近意义的核心词。

※ 注意：插入位置，一定要让选项句具有承上启下的作用，对前后句的逻辑和结构负责。

第四种

推论题(Making Inferences)

问法：问题出会出现infer/imply/reflect等词。

注意：既然是推断题，答案肯定不是在原文中直接表述的。

技巧：排除错误答案

I。原文未涉及的。

II。只是对原文的句子进行改写而不是综合原文信息推断而得的。

III。太笼统、以偏概全。例如：I like to eat apples. 不等于I like to eat fruit。

IV。随意增减作者观点。

第五种

指代题(Locating Reference)

问法：The word/phrases X in the passage refers to____?

注意：一般代词指代的东西就在它的前面，有时也会在后面，但相隔的距离不会很远。

技巧：把指示对象替代代词返回原文，注意一致性，比如单复数、词性以及主格宾格等。

新托福阅读并不可怕，最重要的是掌握正确的解题思路和技巧，平时有针对性地加以练习，训练自己高效快速的阅读能力。

托福阅读的传统做题策略有哪些

阅读时间：

15分钟一篇，一篇13/14道题。(官方要求是20分钟一篇)

13道题中除了4道词汇题(30‘’)1道多选题(1’30‘’)之外，其他题目基本(1‘)一般是在第三段/第四段，大概第8题/第9题的样子，是一段会出2道理解题的段落。题目编排，近几年的TPO一般第一篇第二篇文章偏难，生词多，第三篇简单难度类似早期TPO。

在题目上一般是(细节词汇，细节作用，细节词汇，细节词汇改写，细节词汇，黑点大意)规律就是每一段都会出细节题(In paragraph n...)再加一道其他题，早期一段只有一道题的情况几乎不存在了。

简单的文章可能会出比较难的大意题，尤其是对比型的简单文章。用上面的标准控制时间，用下面的方法去读的话，20分钟一般都是够用的。

托福阅读高分障碍：

速度：1’大概150-170字，生词量一般而且前后不出现感觉自相矛盾需要停下来想的情况下。

选项：词汇量一般，有时词汇题的相似词汇不造句都感觉不出区别。

新托福阅读真题训练技巧：

1，粗看下文章的段数，对每段大概几道题有个预期。(比如只有5段，那长段肯定是3道题)粗看每段第一句话，对文章的整体意思心中有数。

2，每段段首变成中文理解，以迅速的进入状态，并记忆主要意思。(就算只有一道词汇题，这段的段首也要读)

3，每读一段整理一次逻辑，A支持的观点是，A的观点的问题是B的观点是。(记忆法，图像帮助理解，逻辑帮助记忆，生成图像来理解含义，对逻辑部分用色彩记忆红黄绿记忆法，每一段的第一句作为逻辑中心标记黄色。

这段如果讲倒推如原因，在脑中的逻辑框架就在红色的区域生成记忆，如果正推将后果等就在绿色区域生成图像，读完全文留下来的会是每一排都是红黄绿三色的逻辑关系，每一段都纵向罗列，如下)红——黄——绿

4，鉴于每段都会出细节题，如果有词汇题等先只看一句话，做完了要看到细节题问的什么再看文章，鉴于有四个选项，选一个对的或者不对的，看的时候自己要边看边总结，比如总结出三个步骤，解释了三个方面的问题，或者其他。5，要检查，每个不确定的题都标上guess回来看，我不确定的题错的概率还是非常高的。如果不走神的理解全文，一般15分钟是够的，还能剩下几分钟检查。

新托福阅读真题做题策略：

词汇题、句子改写题——只读该句不读完整段(30‘ _ + 1’_1)耗时3分钟

词汇题看好单词的词性、发出者(是人，是物)，保持一致的最对，看这一句即可。

In the past，whole cities grew from the arduoustask of cutting and piling stone upon. Some ofthe world’s finest stonearchitecture can be seen in the ruins of the ancient Inca city of MachuPicchu high in the eastern Andes

Mountains of Peru.猜词是保证不了完全准了，根据意思，这道题排除BD，剩下AC很是纠结，但是看task本身，skilledtask这种说法小奇怪，一般是skilled workers，所以选A

The word “arduous” in the passage is closest inmeaning to

Difficult Necessary Skilled Shared

词汇题一直是难点超爱错，猜出来的，如果有时间检查一定要再看一下，从ETS出题的角度考虑。

托福阅读中的实用提分小方法

对于词汇量的要求较为严格

从某种意义上来讲，你积累的英语词汇量的多少，影响着你在托福考试中取得的成绩。如果说你具备的词汇量达不到最基本的要求，即使你的语言能力再强也过不了托福难关。之所以说词汇量的重要性，想必就算小编不加以强调，大家也都会很清楚。试想一下，如果你掌握的词汇量不够多，当看见一个完整的句子时，你觉得你可能将整个句子要表达的意思理解清楚吗?所以说，想要训练阅读能力首先就要从词汇量上下手，只有掌握足够多的词汇后，你才具备他警告阅读能力的最低标准。

阅读大量英语文章，增加自己的知识面

当一个人知道的东西多了后，在面临问题时，就会显得更有自信，解决问题也会有自己的路子。这样方式在阅读能力训练中也同样适用，考生利用业余时间丰富自己的知识面，对各国或各地区等相关文化及常识有一定了解后，在参加托福考试时，当阅读到自己有所了解的东西后，解题试题时就会比较有自信和感觉，不会因为自己的不了解或是不清楚，对文章要说的东西特别盲目。相信每一位考生在解答试题时，如果阅读到自己熟悉的文章后，解答试题时也会比较轻松和容易。答题的准确率自然而然的也就会有所上升。

注意解题要领，无需阅读全篇文章

考生在解答阅读试题时往往会存在一定的误区，认为想要解答试题必须要阅读整片文章。小编在这提醒各位烤鸭们，这种理念是错误的。阅读文章的做种目的还不就是为了解答试题?只要能够准确的解答试题，不完全阅读文章页是可以的，有没有人会问你，全篇文章的详细内容，所以说，阅读时要秉着做题去阅读，而不是为了阅读而去阅读。还有一点，考生解答阅读试题时，可以先看题干，对所要提出的问题有了一定的了解后，带着问题再去阅读文章，这样做在阅读时就会有着重点，针对性强，解答也比较容易，只要找到题干的大概范围，很轻松就可以选出想要的选项了。同时，也减少了大量的阅读时间，为你的考试赢回不少时间，可以用这部分时间去解答其他较难的试题。

“适合别人的不一定适合自己”。总之，关于托福考试阅读能力训练的相关方式，小编简单为考生整理如上。考生在训练时可以选择的参考，或许小编说的也有不对的地方，但是目的只是为了能够让大家更清楚托福考试阅读能力训练的相关方式，考生可以根据自己的实际需求去训练，尽快找到最佳适合自己的方式。

篇11：托福阅读paraphrase题型解题思路技巧实例分析

托福阅读paraphrase题型解题思路技巧实例分析

托福阅读中的paraphrase问题如何应对?

在托福阅读中，还有一类题型经常出现，那就是paraphrase。

这类问题需要大家在给出的选项选择与文章中的长难句意义相近的一句话。

这类问题还是有一定难度的，因为选项中存在一些干扰项。

那么这类问题有哪些解题技巧呢?

Strategies to answer this question：

1. 划分句子主谓宾，充分理解句子意思;

2. 将句子大意用自己的话复述一遍，简化句子成分;

3. 看问题选项中有没有跟刚复述的句子意义相似的句子;

4. 选出正确答案后，看一下其他错误选项。这些错误选项有的意思跟原文不同，有的漏掉了原文中的重要内容。找出这些错误，确保万无一失。

Example:

大家先来看一个例子：

Rather than sell the painting, which is most likely worth millions of dollars, the Jesuits decided to make it available to the nation of Ireland for viewing. Thus, the painting is on “indefinite loan” to the National Gallery of Ireland. Nevertheless, the painting continues its travels as it features in exhibitions around the world, from the United States to Amsterdam.

Which of the sentences below best expresses the essential information in the highlighted sentence?

a. The National Gallery of Ireland now owns the painting.

b. The National Gallery of Ireland bought the painting from the Jesuits.

c. The National Gallery of Ireland can display the painting, but the Jesuits still own it.

d. The National Gallery of Ireland can display the painting as long as they allow it to travel.

想要回答正确，就要准确理解文中indefinite loan的意思。”Loan”可以理解为an object is being lent，那么这句话的意思就很明白了。尽管爱尔兰国家画廊展出了这幅画，但他的所有者仍是Jesuits。

这样就可以排除A项跟B项。D项应改为：while the gallery can display the painting—this is not contingent upon it traveling.

托福考试阅读长难句解析指导

Scientists try to document as many past El Nino events as possible by piecing together bits of historical evidence, such as sea-surface temperature records, daily observations of atmospheric pressure and rainfall, fisheries’ records from South America, and the writings of Spanish colonists dating back to thefifteenth century. ( TPO43, 48)

piece v.拼凑，组装

大家自己先读，不回读，看一遍是否能理解

Scientists try to document as many past El Nino events as possible (by piecing together bits of historical evidence),(such as sea-surface temperature records, daily observations of atmospheric pressure and rainfall, fisheries’ records from South America, and the writings of Spanish colonists) (dating back to the fifteenth century). (TPO43,48)

托福阅读长难句分析：

这个句子的主干是：

Scientists try to document as many past El Nino events as possible

修饰一：(by piecing together bits of historical evidence) ，介词短语

中文：通过拼凑很多小的历史证据

修饰二：(such as sea-surface temperature records, daily observations of atmospheric pressure and rainfall, fisheries’ records from South America, and the writings of Spanish colonists) ，介词短语

中文：例如海面温度记录、气压和降水的日常观察，南美洲渔业记录以及西班牙殖民者的作品。

修饰三：(dating back to the fifteenth century)，非谓语动词

中文：追溯到15世纪

托福阅读长难句参考翻译：

科学家们通过拼凑很多小的历史证据，来试图尽可能多地记录过去的厄尔尼诺现象，例如海面温度记录、气压和降水的日常观察，南美洲渔业记录，以及追溯到15世纪的西班牙殖民者的作品。

这个句子的主要修饰成分就是非谓语动词和介词，大家务必想清楚，每一个修饰成分修饰的是什么，才能看清楚这个句子的结构。

托福考试阅读长难句解析指导

29. But as more and more accumulations of strata were cataloged in more and more places, it became clear that the sequences of rocks sometimes differed from region to region and that no rock type was ever going to become a reliable time marker throughout the world. (TPO 6 William Smith)

托福阅读长难句句子分析

本句的主句是it became clear，而as引导的则是时间状语从句，表示“随着……”。主句中的it是形式主语，真正的主语是后面两个that引导的名词性从句，也就是主语从句，它们也是本句理解的重点所在。

托福阅读词汇精记

strata表示“地层”，它的单数形式是stratum。

sequences of rocks指的是“岩层顺序”。

catalog也可拼作catalogue(英式拼法)，作动词时，表示“把……编目分类”, 比如：He catalogued all the insects in his collection. 他把所收集到的昆虫编目分类。catalog也可以作名词，表示“商品目录或购物指南”。

differ from sth. to sth.，表示“从……到……不同”，可以借鉴到写作中，比如：The attitude toward shopping online differs from person to person. 对于网上购物，不同的人有着不同的态度。

托福阅读长难句参考译文

但是，随着越来越多的地方出现日益增多的地层分类，清晰的事实表明：有时岩层顺序是因地区不同而发生变化，全世界还没有一种岩层能成为可靠的地质年代的标志。

托福考试阅读长难句解析

Their competition and collaboration werecreating the broadcasting industry in the United States, beginning with theintroduction of commercial radio programming in the early 1920s.

记忆单词：

competition n.比赛

competitor n.参赛者

competent adj.有能力的

competence n.能力

collaboration n.合作

collaborate v.合作

commercial adj.商业的

commodity n.商品

理解句子：

此句结构清晰，划线部分为分词作状语。

篇12：托福阅读题型应对技巧实例分析和解题思路

托福阅读题型应对技巧实例分析和解题思路

托福阅读烧脑推理题要这么做

托福阅读推理题解题思路分析

从题型构成上来看，托福阅读10大题型中的推理题其实很像是细节题，似乎都是需要考生返回原文来寻找具体信息并加以解题的。而这两种题型的不同之处在于细节题能够在原文中找到对应选项的细节，最多进行一些简单的表述形式变化，但含义却保持一致，可以说相对简单。

而推理题则需要大家在找到原文的基础上再做进一步的逻辑推理分析，正确选项代表的含义要靠大家自己思索出来，无法在原文中直接找到对应内容。换句话说，大家需要根据文中的相关依据再往前做简单推理才能得出答案。大家不要小看这一步推理的过程，很多同学偏偏就是不知道该怎么去进一步思考推理。

做好推理题需要类比逻辑思维

既然提到了逻辑思维分析推理，接下来小编就来为大家介绍一下托福推理题中比较常用的类比逻辑思维方式。这种思维模式很简单，也就是文章中提到两个事物，互为比较对象，而这两个事物具有一些相同的特点特征，因此可以根据A事物具有的特征来推理出B事物也具备相同的特征。

举个简单的例子，像小刘一样，小王也喜欢养猫。那么从这句话里，我们就可以通过类比思维来推断出，小刘喜欢养猫。大家是不是觉得这也太容易了，不要小看这种推理思维，下面给大家两道来自托福官方真题中的阅读逻辑题做参考分析。

推理类比思维解题技巧实例讲解

实例1

When it comes to physiology, the leatherback turtle is, in some ways, more like a reptilian whale than a turtle. It swims farther into the cold of the northern and southern oceans than any other sea turtle, and it deals with the chilly waters in a way unique among reptiles.

What can be inferred about whales from this paragraph?

A . They are considered by some to be reptiles.

B. Their bodies are built in a way that helps them manage extremely cold temperatures.

C .They are distantly related to leatherback turtles.

D .They can swim farther than leatherback turtles.

思路分析

先来看一道简单一点的逻辑题，这段文字讲了某种海龟的特点，其中提到了鲸鱼，问题就是能够从这段文字中推理出什么和鲸鱼有关的信息。根据infer这个关键词，可以看出这是一道较为明显的逻辑推理题。

这段文字一共就两句话，第一句话就类似上面举的简单例子里的“像小刘一样”的这个部分，直接把类比双方海龟和鲸鱼提了出来。然后第二句话则说明了海龟具体具有的特点。那么根据类比逻辑，鲸鱼应该具有的也是第二句话中的这个特点，接下来大家只要从选项里找到和第二句话内容相近的部分就可以了，也就是海龟具有的应对寒冷的独特能力鲸鱼也有，所以选B。

实例2

Buck rubs also have a scent. These odors make buck rubs an important means of olfactory communication. Forehead rubbing by male deer on buck rubs presumably sends a great deal of information to other members of the same species. The presence of many well-marked rubs is indicative of older, higher-status males being in the general vicinity rather than simply being a crude measure of relative deer abundance in a given area. The information conveyed by the olfactory signals on a buck rub make it the social equivalent of some auditory signals in other deer species, such as trumpeting by bull elk.

What can be inferred from this paragraph about the trumpeting of bull elk?

A.Trumpeting by higher-status bull elk signals their presence to other members of their species.

B.Bull elk need to combine trumpeting with olfactory signals to covey information about their identity.

C.Trumpeting alerts white-tailed deer to the presence of bull elk in their vicinity.

D.Trumpeting provides a better measure of deer presence in a given area than buck rubs do.

思路分析

接下来再来看这道更有难度的推理题，这道题目的类比逻辑结构和上面正好相反，先说了A事物的一个特点，然后再说B事物也有类似特点。对应到原文中应该就是文章的最后一句给出的提示，也就是buck rub散发出的olfactory signal和bull elk trumpeting发出的auditory signal有相同的作用。那么接下来大家就要去找出buck rub的olfactory signal有什么功效然后和选项对照一下就能得出正确答案了。

具体到文章里，buck rub的作用就是sends a great deal of information to other members of the same species和indicative of older, higher-status males being in the general vicinity，而trumpeting by bull elk应该也具备类似功效，也就是选项A了。

总结以上两个例子可以看出，托福阅读中的逻辑题虽然需要考生进行自主思考，但这种推理思考的难度其实也并不算高，大家不用想得太多太复杂，只需要稍稍进行简单的逻辑推理自然就能找到正确答案了。小编希望大家能够通过上面的例子了解应对托福阅读逻辑题的正确和实用思路，更好地解答阅读逻辑题拿到考试高分。

托福阅读考试中的推理题——教你一招搞定推理题

官方对推理题的定义

首先，大家要正视官方OG(Official Guide)对推理题的定义：“对于文中强烈暗示而未明确表述信息的识别和理解”。这里面我们要重点看两个细节，一是“强烈暗示”，二是“未明确表述”。

第一，“强烈暗示”，即原文中给定的信息与正确答案的信息紧密相连，而并不会出现需要太多太大脑洞的地方。首先就是我们要认真阅读题目中限定的段落(基本上会以某一段为主，而且题目明显给出“According to Paragraph 1”这样的字样)，并在脑海里迅速生成段落的结构逻辑，即哪句是主旨(Topic Sentence)，哪句是细节(Details)，哪句是证据(Evidence)，有没有分论点(Minor Ideas)等。并在此基础上，将文章内容与各个选项中的信息匹配。而“匹配”也很重要，如果文章内没涉及相关信息的，得推个五重六重才能得出的答案必然不会是我们的正确答案。而且这是ETS常常挖的一个坑，就看你愿不愿意一往无前地跳进去了。所以划重点：托福中的推理题最多只要往前推一步就足够了，要时刻牢记得托福只是一个语言类考试。

第二，“未明确表述”，即正确选项应该是文章中没有明确给出我们完全一样的表述，但理论上应该是正确的内容。这就有一个迷思了。很多刷题不够多的同学会想当然地以为推理题必然要往前推那么一大步，类似细节题正确选项的内容(即同义改写)就常常放弃了。而如果你做过超过十套TPO并认真分析你遇到的所有推理题，你就会发现，当出题者想降低出题难度的时候，把推理题的正确答案设置为paraphrase原文某个内容的选项就是一个很普遍的选择。因而，推理题并不会因为“没有推理”而排除任何选项。相反，恭喜你，你只是遇到了一道难度略低的推理题。

一种推理题的解题思路:Contrast

Contrast(或是Comparison)的地方是ETS钟爱的出推理题的地方。其实，某种程度上而言，这就是让我们去学习一种很好的思考方式，或者是逻辑论证方式。笔者相信，你的写作老师一定会跟你讲过，有的写作题目的个别论点的处理是可以通过对比来实现的。

如果你之前是在国内读高中，而且不是国际学校，那么你的确有可能对这种逻辑思维方式觉得似乎没有那么熟悉。非也，非也。现在让我们来回顾一个场景。

场景回顾：如果你是一个理科生(或者有化学、生物课的文科生)，回想一下你的化学和生物课上做的实验，老师有没有做过这样的对比试验：

实验1：现在我们开始实验演示。溶液A和溶液B放入相同的溶液，两个溶液都是透明无色的，没有气泡。现在我们将一块白色无味放入溶液A中，观察实验现象。我们发现，与B溶液对照，A溶液中开始慢慢出现的气泡。

实验2：现在我们开始实验演示。溶液A和溶液B放入相同的溶液，两个溶液都是透明无色的，没有气泡。现在我们将一块白色无味放入溶液A中，观察实验现象。我们发现，与B溶液对照，A溶液中开始慢慢变成红色。

我们再画个表格看一下。

溶液A

溶液B

实验前

无色无味

实验1

出现气泡

实验2

变成红色

如果这是在化学课，且AB溶液是对比实验，我们会在上面表格的空白处填出什么内容?实验1：没有出现气泡;实验2：没有变成红色。对吗。

好了，如果你能填出上面的正确内容，说明你已经掌握了一种行之有效的托福阅读推理题的解题思路!

什么，你不相信?请看题目(来源：TPO)：

Paragraph 1: It should be obvious that cetaceans—whales, porpoises, and dolphins—are mammals. They breathe through lungs, not through gills, and give birth to live young. Their streamlined bodies, the absence of hind legs, and the presence of a fluke1 and blowhole2 cannot disguise their affinities with land dwelling mammals. However, unlike the cases of sea otters and pinnipeds (seals, sea lions, and walruses, whose limbs are functional both on land and at sea), it is not easy to envision what the first whales looked like. Extinct but already fully marine cetaceans are known from the fossil record. How was the gap between a walking mammal and a swimming whale bridged? Missing until recently were fossils clearly intermediate, or transitional, between land mammals and cetaceans.

Which of the following can be inferred from paragraph 1 about early sea otters?

It is not difficult to imagine what they looked like.

There were great numbers of them.

They lived in the sea only.

They did not leave many fossil remains.

猜一下正确答案是什么?没有错，答案就是A。

为什么呢?请注意原文中说“However, unlike the cases of sea otters and pinnipeds(seals, sea lions, and walruses, whose limbs are functional both on land and atsea), it is not easy to envision what the first whales looked like.”重点信息是“unlike thecases of sea otters…., it is not easy to envision….whale...”，“不像sea otter的情况，对于鲸鱼而言，是很难想象最初的鲸鱼是什么样子的。

不够清晰?我们再来画一个表格。

cases

sea otter

whale

envision

not easy

有没有发觉很熟悉!是不是跟刚刚的化学实验一模一样!所以请告诉我，空白处应该填什么?“easy”，对吗?好的，这时候我们再来看一下选项A说了什么?“It is not difficult to imagine what they looked like.”

“not difficult”是不是就等同于我们填入的“easy”!所以这么一道绕来绕去的题目我们就搞定啦。正确答案就是A选项。

有没有发觉get到了一个很高大上的技能!快来新东方的托福阅读课堂，收获更多推理题神技哦～

3个方面全方位解读托福阅读推论题，你懂了吗?

托福阅读推论题的类型和解法

托福阅读推论题都是按照托福阅读文章信息来把隐含意的题目推出，可划分成共性推理题和无共性推理题。有共性推理题是题干里包含了与原文内容相同的关键词，根据关键词回原文定位推理;无共性的推理题就是题干中无线索。

托福阅读推论题的解题难点

推论题目有难度，但并不如同词汇题或者事实信息题，考生在解题时一般只是需要定位到原文基本上就看到了正确选项。但是推论题就算是能够定位到原文，考生们同样是不能找到任何可以直接选择的证据。因此题目难在思维处理过程，考生在思维处理时一定要把握好“度”，不可以出现思维局限，在文章中挖掘深层含义的力度不够或是出现过分的“思维扩展”，推测出超出原文内涵的选项。在思维局限时，考生可能会倾向于选择直接来源于原文的信息，这种信息是常见的解题障碍;思维扩展太多则会加入自己的常识，并不利于解题，往往会答错。

托福阅读推论题的选项特征

通过专业考试分析表示此类题型的正确选项是利用定位句综合提取出的的信息，该类信息一般是不会被原文直接用字面意思表达出来，通常是很含蓄、概括的;错误选项通常包含有3种情况：第一种是没有直接原文依据的内容;第二种是原文中明显提到的内容;第三种则是无关选项，可能是其他位置出现的信息。

上面通过三个不同方面对托福阅读推论题进行详细的解读，希望通过上文能够对各位考生有一定的帮助

篇13：托福阅读难点易错题型解题思路实例解析之词汇题

托福阅读难点易错题型解题思路实例解析：词汇题

托福阅读词汇题解题基本思路介绍

词汇题的主要目的是考察考生能否识别词汇在陌生语境中的含义。既然强调语境，那么通过识别生词附近的语境含义，往往可以推测出生词的含义。我们来看一道新托福考试官方指南上的题目。

托福阅读词汇题解题思路实例讲解

Several skeletons of another early whale, Basilosaurus, were found in sediments left by the Tethys Sea and now exposed in the Sahara desert.

6. The word exposed in the passage is closest in meaning to

A. Explained

B. Visible

C. Identified

D. Located

这道题目很多同学会选择第四个选项(locate：坐落于…)，将这个含义带入到语句当中，意思也通顺，指Basilosaurus坐落于撒哈拉沙漠。但是这里需要注意的是，托福的词汇题并不是选项带入搭配合适就一定能找到正确答案，而是应该从语境入手来选择。正确的做法是，首先查看生词附近有无并列，转折等语境上的含义暗示。本句当中，生词的前方有“and”来暗示并列，而从句子结构来看，前半句中的动词“found”，意思是“找到，发现”，那么后半句的exposed对应语境也应该强调发现某物，即找到，或者看见某物。因此这道题目的正确答案选择B(visible：可看见的)。

托福阅读长难句练习：天然维生素

4.There are numerous unsubstantiated reports that natural vitamins are superior to synthetic ones，that fertilized eggs are nutritionally superior to unfertilized eggs，that untreated grains are better than fumigated grains and the like.

(并列同位语从句reports that…，that…，that…)

关于天然维生素优于人造维生素，受精蛋比未受精蛋的营养价值更高，未经熏蒸消毒处理的谷物比经过处理的好等等报道屡见不鲜，但都没有得到证实。

分句1：There are numerous unsubstantiated reports

分句2：natural vitamins are superior to synthetic ones

分句3：that fertilized eggs are nutritionally superior to unfertilized eggs

分句4：that untreated grains are better than fumigated grains and the like

分句1是整个长句的主句，分句2、分句3和分句4是并列关系，共同构成分句1的同位语从句。本句的意思是有很多没有经过证实的报道，然后并列了三个未经过证实的报道的从句。

托福阅读长难句素材分析：守旧派小说

In a period characterized by the abandonment of so much of the realistic tradition by authors such as John Barth，Donald Barthelme，and Thomas Pynchon, Joyce Carol Oates has seemed at times determinedly old-fashioned in her insistence on the essentially mimetic quality of her fiction.

(特殊结构characterized by…——以…为特征)

【译句】尽管处于一个以抛弃大量现实主义传统(以作家约翰巴思、唐纳德巴塞尔姆和托马斯.品钦为代表)为特征的时代，乔伊斯愠坓尔欧茨因为坚持自己小说本质上模仿的特点，有时候看起来是一个坚定的守旧派。

分句1. characterized by the abandonment of so much of the realistic tradition by authors such as John Barth，Donald Barthelme，and Thomas Pynchon,

分句2. Joyce Carol Oates has seemed at times determinedly old-fashioned in her insistence OD the essentially mimetic quality of her fiction.

分句1 做时间状语“In a period”的后置定语，补充修饰period，相当于省略了 “which was”的定语从句。分句2 是主句。

整个句子的难点在于找主句。其实分句1的末尾是 “such as” 引导的三个人名的并列，在最后一个人名Thomas Pynchon前有“and”, 说明这个列举对象中的最后一个。所以整个句子的主干在T P 这个人后面出现。

托福阅读材料：英国重提欧盟会员国资格问题

There’s been a strong reaction in European capitals to plans from Britain to renegotiate its membership of the European Union. The Prime Minister David Cameron said he wanted to stay in the EU but said there should be a referendum on the issue. Gavin Hewitt reports. Europe’s leaders and officials have been wary and uneasy at the prospect of David Cameron’s speech. In the event, it drew a mixed response. Some saw it as reckless, putting at risk Britain’s place in Europe. Others supported his call for a leaner, more flexible EU. The German Chancellor Angela Merkel was quick to say she was prepared to talk about Britain’s wishes, but she said a fair compromise was needed. The German and French leaders had coordinated their responses to the speech. The French too are willing to discuss a more open, leaner EU. What would be unacceptable to Paris would be a Europe a la carte.

英国计划重新讨论其欧盟会员国资格问题，欧洲各国对此反应强烈。首相戴维?卡梅伦说他想留在欧盟，但在这个问题上应该通过公投来决定。 Gavin Hewitt报道。戴维?卡梅伦的讲话令欧洲各国领导人和政府官员们警惕与不安，人们对此事反应不一。有些人认为这过于鲁莽，置英国在欧洲的地位于危险之地。也有人支持卡梅隆，呼吁欧盟精简，更富于灵活性。德国总理安吉拉?默克尔称，她也准备与英国谈谈，但她说，一个平等的妥协是必须的。德国和法国领导人对此反应一致，法国也很希望看到一个更开放精简的欧盟，法国不希望看到一个包办一切的欧盟。

篇14：托福阅读难点易错题型解题思路实例解析之推断题

托福阅读难点易错题型解题思路实例解析：推断题

托福阅读推断题解题基本思路介绍

题干特征：推断题的题干经常会出现infer,suggest,imply, indicate这类单词

考查形式主要分为两大类：对比推断和细节推断，而后者出现的几率更大。

托福阅读推断题解题思路实例分析

考查形式一：对比推断

A时间对比

一般有两个形成对比的时间点，它们所具有的特征一般相反。如：原文会出现before1990的信息，而题目会问after 1990的信息?

解决方案：收集问题对应的时间点的信息，然后取反。

注意原文中出现的表示时间节点的词 before, after, not…until…

例题

The story of the westward movement of population in the United States is, in the main,the story of the expansion of American agriculture-of the development of new areas for theraising of livestock and the cultivation of wheat, corn, tobacco, and cotton. After 1815improved transportation enabled more and more western farmers to escape a self-sufficientway of life and enter a national market economy during periods when commodity prices werehigh, the rate of westward migration increased spectacularly. “Old America seemed to bebreaking up and moving westward,” observed an English visitor in 1817, during the first greatwave of migration. Emigration to the west reached a peak in the 1830’s, whereas in 1810 onlya seventy of the American people lived west of the Appalachian mountains, by 1840 more thana third lived there.

What can be inferred from paragraph 1 about western farmers prior to 1815?

A. They had limited their crop production to wheat, corn, tobacco, and cotton.

B. They were able to sell their produce at high prices.

C. They had not been successful in raising cattle.

D. They did not operate in a national market economy.

答案D

对应关键句：After 1815 improved transportation enabled more and more western farmersto escape a self-sufficient way of life and enter a national market economy during periodswhen commodity prices were high, the rate of westward migration increased spectacularly.

B直接对比

两个或多个事物的特征——如原文会出现A的特点，然后会有B和A相比较的信息，然后题目问B的特点?

解决方案：收集题干所问的推断对象(about后面的信息一般为推断对象)的全部信息(一般为上述的B)，然后在原文所描述的与之相关的信息(一般为上述的A)的基础之上取反。

注意原文中出现的表示对比的关系词：by contrast, unlike, while, whereas,on the contrary, incomparison to, distinct from, different from等词。

例题

Paragraph 1: It should be obvious that cetaceans-whales, porpoises, and dolphins-aremammals. They breathe through lungs, not through gills, and give birth to live young. Theirstreamlined bodies, the absence of hind legs, and the presence of a fluke and blowholecannot disguise their affinities with land-dwelling mammals. However, unlike the cases of seaotters and pinnipeds (seals, sea lions, and walruses, whose limbs are functional both on landand at sea), it is not easy to envision what the first whales looked like. Extinct but, already fullymarine cetaceans are known from the fossil record. How was the gap between a walkingmammal and a swimming whale bridged? Missing until recently were fossils clearlyintermediate, or transitional, between land mammals and cetaceans.

Which of the following can be inferred from paragraph 1 about early sea otters?

A. It is not difficult to imagine what they looked like

B. There were great numbers of them.

C. They lived in the sea only.

D. They did not leave many fossil remains.

答案A

对应关键句：However, unlike the cases of sea otters and pinnipeds (seals, sea lions, andwalruses, whose limbs are functional both on land and at sea), it is not easy to envision whatthe first whales looked like.

考查形式二：细节推断

考查细节判断，事物的特点，属性等。

解决方案：收集题干所提问的推断对象(about后面的信息一般为推断对象)的所有信息。如果推断对象所涉及的信息比较多，难以抓到重点，则逐个选项进行定位筛选。

例题

Paragraph 1: Groundwater is the word used to describe water that saturates the ground,filling all the available spaces. By far the most abundant type of groundwater is meteoricwater; this is the groundwater that circulates as part of the water cycle. Ordinary meteoricwater is water that has soaked into the ground from the surface, from precipitation (rain andsnow) and from lakes and streams. There it remains, sometimes for long periods, beforeemerging at the surface again. At first thought it seems incredible that there can be enoughspace in the “solid” ground underfoot to hold all this water.

Which of the following can be inferred from paragraph 1 about the ground that we walkon?

A. It cannot hold rainwater for long periods of time.

B. It prevents most groundwater from circulating.

C. It has the capacity to store large amounts of water.

D. It absorbs most of the water it contains from rivers.

答案C

AThere it remains, sometimes for long periods, before emerging at the surface again.

BBy far the most abundant type of groundwater is meteoric water; this is thegroundwater that circulates as part of the water cycle.

C At first thought it seems incredible that there can be enough space in the “solid” groundunderfoot to hold all this water.

DOrdinary meteoric water is water that has soaked into the ground from the surface, fromprecipitation (rain and snow) and from lakes and streams.

综上所述，推断题并没有我们想象的那么晦涩。它仍然是关注细节层面的题目，主要考查考生收集和题目相关的信息和梳理这些信息的能力。我们需要做到：

1把题干提问的推断对象的信息收集完全，并理解到位。

2记住所看即所得，不要过分推断，不要脑补。

3任何文章中出现的信息都有可能考查推断，所以不要忽略任何一个细节。

如何应对托福阅读长难句，除了技巧，还需要顽强的小强精神

如何应对托福阅读长难句

托福长难句无疑是最令考生发愁的部分了。世界本没有长难句，修饰成分多了，便有了长难句。阅读并不难，阅读过程中把它分开理解其实很简单，第一次读懂意思再看问题，然后带着问题阅读，就可以找答案了，如果你词汇量不足，原文大意都读不懂，那阅读分数低也在情理中，只能怪自己前期不努力，应该先解决这些基本问题再想办法提高阅读。

速度大部分来于短时间内理解长难句的能力。

大家在看长难句的时候，多思考，一个句子为什么这么长，常见的修饰成分到底有哪些?其实不多，连词、非谓语动词、介词以及同位语或插入语，上过课的同学懂得。

根据托福官方指南的数据统计，中国考生的阅读平均分是20分，相对应的题目错误数量为11道题。很多考生看到这里蜜汁自信，我们的平均分很高嘛，说明阅读的备考肯定so easy。然而，从全世界各个参加托福考试的地域来看，我们的阅读分数并没有很高，只是相对于更加弱的口语和听力来说，我们的阅读分数还过得去而已。所以，如果目标学校是美国50名之内的考生，这个分数是远远不够的。

许多同学一直会抱怨：“我每天都会刷真题，但是我的阅读分数一点儿也没提高啊?”。答案很简单，做真题只可以检验你现在的英文水平，但并不能提高你的英文阅读能力，就像你想变的瘦一点，每天就往称上称一称，数字是不会变的!没有真正去认真分析不懂的地方，分数当然只能原地踏步了。所以，对于含金量很高的学术文章来说，做完题目以后，我们应该认真把文章看一看，总结里面的学术词汇、生词，重新分析一下理解错的句子、段落，这样借助精读真题后，我们才能更好的提高能力，提升分数。关于托福的阅读部分大家可以从以下几个方面来入手准备。

词汇问题是阅读中的十分普遍的，高中毕业生的词汇量在3500左右，但是托福考试要求的词汇量是8000-10000，这种差距有的时候会让考生望而却步，单词的积累和沉淀需要时间，但是正确的学习方法和习惯，往往事半功倍。首先，对于基础词汇，就是高中+大学四级词汇，大家一定要掌握得很牢靠，每个单词要像apple、book一样熟悉，先查漏补缺。任何学习过程都是循序渐进的，只有基础打牢了，再往高处走，不然就算之后稍稍有了一点小成就，那也是虚幻的空中楼阁。之后，在基础牢靠的前提下，开始进入到托福词汇部分，现在网上的、书籍的、纸质的、包括手机里的背单词软件种类很多，在这里就不赘述了，大家先用心的挑好适合自己的材料就可以。

关于背托福单词的方法需要注意的是：

1.对于阅读部分的单词，单词意思放在首位，而不是拼写和发音，也就是说在前几遍的背诵中，只需要做到看到单词，迅速反应出意思即可。需要注意的是反应时间超过2秒的，都算是没有背下来，因为在托福阅读中，我们的阅读量很大，要想做完题目，阅读速度要在100words/min，没有很长时间给我们思考单词的意思，所以要十分熟悉单词、反应快。而针对听力和写作的词汇，有不同的方法，在今后的相关文章中也会提到。

2.一定要大量、多次、重复的背诵，不要一个单词盯很久。比如说，10个单词，先花5分钟背第一遍，再花3-4分钟背第二遍、第三遍，这样的背诵方法比每个单词盯着看3-5分钟要有效得多，有利于我们集中精力，也不容易产生倦怠感。

3.按照记忆曲线，对于背过的单词要有计划的定期重复，我们才能把单词从我们大脑中的快速记忆区挪到长期记忆区。比如早上背了10个单词重复了3遍，这些单词只是暂时留在了快速记忆区，随着时间的推移，很容易会遗忘，那么我们可以安排晚上和第二天早上再拿出来看一遍，两天以后再复习一遍，一周以后再复习一遍，这些单词就逐渐转存到了你的长期记忆区。在重复时发现有遗忘的部分不要担心，这是正常现象，慢慢重复你会发现忘记的越来越少，记住的越来越多。

阅读长难句的能力可以说是托福考试的核心能力。一开始，我们会明显感受到，有些真题中的句子里明明每个单词都很熟悉，但是我必须要反复看3-5遍以上，才能比较好的理解它，有的时候看了后面忘了前面，看了这句，忘了上句，浪费时间不说还做不对题目。其实，这根我们平时的初高中课堂上讲语法多、用语法少的现象有关。我们的语法知识储备不少，但是欠缺训练把语法知识运用到长难句的理解中。

语法中比较难理解的其实就是定语从句、后置定语，在中文中，我们的定语无论多长都加个“的”然后放在名词前面;然而在英文中，定语的位置和形式变换很多，给我们设置了很多的阅读障碍。例如托福真题中的长难句“A series of mechanical improvements continuing well into thenineteenth century, including the introduction of pedals to sustain tone or tosoften it, the perfection of a metal frame and steel wire of the finestquality, finally produced an instrument capable of myriad tonal effects fromthe most delicate harmonies to an almost orchestral fullness of sound, from aliquid, singing tone to a sharp, percussive brilliance、”其实就是一个简单句Improvements produced an instrument，然后加上了后置定语、同位语的修饰成分而已：一系列技术进步(19世纪的，包括123种)，产生了一个有好多音效的乐器，这些音效从某种声音1到某种声音2，从某种声音3到某种声音4。考生们在通过系统的语法学习后，再把它利用到分析和理解真题中的长难句，达到阅读中的任何长难句读一遍就能get到它的意思。

ETS对托福考试的定义：The test of English as a Foreign Language (or TOEFL) evaluates the ability of anindividual, who is a non-native English speaker, to use an understand Englishin an academic setting、根据这个超级官方的定义，我们不难看出，托福考试就是一场对于我们在学术背景下的语言能力考试。这个所谓的“学术”是怎么体现的呢?对于阅读部分来说，考察的文章会来自大学中的课本，课本中的文章都是说明文，这就意味着我们可以通过相对稳定的结构找到主旨，通过精读相应背景下的文章，可以掌握各种背景的核心场景词汇。其实做好了前两项，无论做什么题目都是思路的问题了，你会发现不过是套路而已，在托福学习中，始终贯穿的都是前面两项：词汇和长难句，在真正提高的英文水平之后，我们可以看一些应试的做题技巧，然后对于不同学科的文章题目进行训练，找出相对薄弱的环节，再进行针对性的提高，而不是一味的刷题目、进行题海战术。

托福阅读常见话题有哪些?

1、人：学术性的托福阅读常考的就是各种科学家，以ist和er结尾居多。

例如：anthropologist，archaeologist，paleontologist，zoologist，geogrAPher，astronomer(人类学家，考古学家，古生物学家，动物学家，地理学家，天文学家)

这类的词汇大家无需记住拼写，只要在阅读中出现可以辨认就足以。在面对未知的专有名词时，至少要判断他们存在于那个学科，才好进行下一步的推理。

2、地质、地貌：这类文章在托福学术阅读中比重很大。建议大家对其中的托福阅读常考词汇进行积累。

例如：volcano，layer，conglomerate，karst，porous，permeable，meteorolite，asteroid

火山，(地)层，砾岩，喀斯特地貌(石灰岩的一种地形)，多孔的(有透气性与透水性)，可渗透的，陨石，小行星。

3、气候、动物与生态：与生物和地球有关的托福阅读话题是托福阅读常考的。

例如：unpredictable，vary，range from，extinction，endangered，tropical，jungle，equatorial不可预测的，改变(动词)，变化幅度(动词)，灭绝，濒危的，热带的，丛林，赤道附近的。

4、历史、考古，这类托福阅读话题是托福阅读常考对象，也要加以注意。

尤其是历史文章的考法不是单纯的讲古，而是从各个层面切入，有很多的表现形式。可能是古人类的迁徙，那就是人类历史。贸易和交通运输的发展，那就是经济史，等等。

例如，relics，remains，mausoleum，handicraft，cohesiveness，territorial，civilization