托福独立写作让步段怎么写
【简介】感谢网友“veroveronique”参与投稿，以下是小编精心整理的托福独立写作让步段怎么写（共6篇），希望对大家有所帮助。
篇1：托福独立写作让步段怎么写
让步段落这样写，你的托福独立写作更有威力!
写还是不写?这是个问题
Q：很多同学有疑问，在一篇完整的独立作文中，让步段是不是一定要写呢?可不可以不写呢?
老师：让步段不是必须要写的，考生们可以在作文里只提出支持自己观点的两至三个正面的理由，这样也可以得出最后的结论。
比如说是否同意“新的科技产品发布，过段时间购买比马上购买要好”，我们完全可以只提出过段时间购买的两个正面理由：一. 价格会更便宜; 二. 产品的性能会更优化，这样整篇作文的论点还是明确的。
但是这篇文章当然也可以加上让步段，过段时间再买的坏处，或是马上购买的好处。这样会显得这篇文章论证的逻辑更加严密和全面，我们确实是进行了优劣对比后，才得出自己的观点。
尤其要注意的是，如果作文题目本身的观点的反面并不能够被忽略，那么建议让步段是一定要写的，这样显得我们得出自己的观点才不牵强。
比如作文题目“Do you agree or disagree with the following statement? Playing computer games is a waste of time. Children should not be allowed to play them.”。我们可以写正面的两个观点，即玩电脑游戏的两个好处，但是我们同样不能忽略玩电脑游戏的坏处，所以就要写让步段了，不然观点就会显得过于偏激。
怎么写让步段?这又是个问题
重中之重: “让一小步，进一大步”!
让步段的最重要目的是对让步内容地不断削弱，以退为进，先提出坏处，然后再否定它。但是要记住的是让步段与支持段结构一致，也是有主题句，然后要对主题句进行展开解释。
所以常见的套路是：
主题句(不可否认A也有坏处)+解释(进一步解释说明坏处是什么)+让步(但是呢，这些坏处可以被解决掉，或是不太重要)
1.让步段主题句写法
让步段的主题句一般是这样的：不可否认的是，A可能会有一些坏处。这里我们尽量语气要委婉些，下面是一些会用到的词组表达：
——Admittedly / Undoubtedly / There is no denying that / It cannot be denied that
——May / might / possibly / probably
——One / one or two / a couple of / minor / several
——To some extent / to some degree
【常见错误】
很多考生让步段用although开头，但是although后面只能跟一个从句，所以后面主题句的内容就没有办法展开了。
2. 让步如何实现
让步段的表述可以参考以下模式：
?让步方的好处比支持方的好处次要，或者支持方的坏处比起好处来次要。
However, the advantages of A are more important than those of B.
?让步方优点与支持方优点比起来较少，或支持方缺点与优点比起来较少。
However, the advantages of A are far more than those / that of B.
However, the advantages of A outnumber those / that of B.
?对方的好处，我方也可以有办法得到;我方的坏处可以有办法消除。
However, the problem can be solved by …
However, the negative influence can be eliminated by …
3. 让步段范例赏析
Q
Do you agree or disagree with the following statement? Playing computer games is a waste of time. Children should not be allowed to play them.
主题句:
Admittedly, playing computer games does harbor several drawbacks.
解释：
Some children are addicted to playing computergames and ignore their studies, thereby suffering from poor academic performance. Also, over exposure to computer games with high concentration will sooner or later cause the impairment of their eyesight.
让步:
However, most children are able to control themselves to play games in moderation. Also, their parents can intervene and supervise as well. Specifically, they could set strict rules on how much time their children could play games everyday and on what conditions they could do so, therefore it is completely unnecessary to forbid them to play computer games.
托福独立写作真题分步详解—该不该投资“非实用科研”?
第一步：审题
Do you agree or disagree with the following statement? The government should support the scientific research even it has no practical use.
题目要求考生讨论政府是否应该支持非实用科研。由标志词should 可知，本题属于价值判断类题目。对于这类题目，可以优先选择利弊分析法解题。本题可以从经济利益、社会因素、未来发展和可操作性方面进行讨论， 比如可以思考支持“非实用科研”会造成哪些经济损失或带来哪些经济利益、对社会和科学发展有怎样的影响、会面临怎样的现实问题等。
为了更清楚地展示分析结果，笔者将两者间的利弊对比列在了下面的表格中。在考试时考生也可以用类似方法将其列在草稿纸上，写作时思路会更加清晰。
第二步 写作
1、首段
引子：在“现象化、背景化、调查化”三种方法中，本段可以选取现象化的方式展开引子，目前，中国政府每年都在增加对科研的投入。
点题：可以用不同的语言重述题目----“而非实用科研是否应该得到政府的政治支持，却成为一个合理的问题。”
观点和铺垫：本段笔者尝试将观点和铺垫合为一句来表述，点明自己的观点， 并简单提及下文内容——“我个人认为，所谓的非实用科学会给投资者带来潜在的回报，但支持这些研究对招募科学家也会有良好的影响。”
首段用英文表述如下：
(引子)At present, the Chinese government has been increasing investment in scientific research annually. (点题)However, it is a legitimate question whether or not impractical scientific research should receive financial support from the government. (观点和铺垫) Personally, I believe the so-called impractical science has potential reward for investors, and supporting it also has a beneficial effect on the overall recruitment of scientists.
2、正文段1
主题句：可以简洁、清晰地提出第一分论点----“首先，政府应该为非实用科学的潜在好处而进行投资。”
扩展句：在原因、推论、解释、对比四种方法中，本段可以尝试从原因分析角度对主题句进行论证——”很多科学研究开始都不盈利，但最后却有很好的回报。”
案例和细节： 飞机的发明。20世纪初，莱特兄弟设计了第一架飞机。当时，很多人认为莱特兄弟的实验是毫无意义的，因为他们不相信这样一只“呆鸟”能对社会有所帮助。现在，全世界都受益于莱特兄弟的发明。飞机不仅成为重要的交通工具，也是一种至关重要的军事武器。例子中提供了时间、人物、飞机绰号以及事件结果等诸多细节，使得论据非常生动可信。
逻辑包装：重申段落主旨，并继续加强案例说服力----“仅仅因为一项研究在当时看起来不实用，就不进行投资，这是很愚蠢的。因此，考虑到潜在的回报和利益，对政府而言，投资非实用科研非常值得尝试。“
正文段1用英文表述如下：
(主题句) First, the government should invest in impractical science for its potential benefits.(扩展句) Many scientific researches have had a non-profitable beginning, but a rewarding ending. (案例和细节)The best example to illustrate this is the invention of airplane. The Wright brothers designed the first airplane in the early 20th century. At the time, most people viewed the brothers' experiment as meaningless since they did not believe such a “rigid bird” could possibly be of benefit to society. Today the whole world benefits greatly from the Wright brothers' invention. The airplane has become not only an important transportation device, but also a vital military weapon. (逻辑包装) It is foolish to ignore investment in research simply because it seems impractical at the time. Accordingly, considering the potential rewards and benefits, it is a worthy attempt for the government to invest on impractical research.
3、正文段2
此段的结构和正文段1类似，但需要站在不同角度思考一个分论点。权衡之下，我们确定以下的分论点-----“投资非实用科研可以进一步发展我国的科研技术。”
以下是参考英文文段：
(主题句)Secondly, the budget for impractical scientific research can further develop scientific research in our country. (扩展句)With the financial investment, the government can improve its reputation and attract talented scientists from all over the world. (案例和细节)For instance, the U.S. government usually spends more than 2.3 billion dollars on impractical research each year, and has an excellent high reputation for valuing all scientific researches. Many scientists from abroad settle down in America because of this, for they believe they can have personal development in the United States. According to a survey on the Internet, more than 30 percent of scientific discoveries in America can be attributed to endeavors made by Chinese and Indian scientists. (逻辑包装) If our country is increasingly devoted to impractical scientific research, we too can attract the best talents from all over the world.
4、让步段
让步句：可以承认自身观点的缺陷，也可以指出对方观点的可取之处。此处笔者选择承认自身观点缺陷——“诚然，非实用科研的经费支出会给人们带来一些经济负担。”
让步论证：为让步句的合理性提出合理证明。在某种意义上，它是一种高风险的投资。“
转折句：否定让步，强化己方观点。本句有四种写作方法，即己方问题可解、双方优势共享、自身优劣对比、行为后果权衡。这里可以采用自身优劣对比的方法，说明政府对科技“高风险的投资“虽有缺陷，但意义更大----”不过，这种投资还是值得的。“
转折论证：此句支持和加强转折句。进一步说明转折句的合理性，并重申段落主旨-----“由于有时能得到非常高的回报，我们的政府应该承担投资的风险。“
让步段用英文表述如下：
(让步句)Admittedly, the expenditure on impractical research will bring some financial burden to the people. (让步论证)In a sense, it is a high-risk investment. (转折句) Nevertheless, this investment is still worthwhile. (转折论证) It is because the reward sometimes is so great that our government should be willing to take the risk of investment.
5、结尾段
结尾段主要的作用是重申观点-----“总之，考虑到巨大的潜在利益和科研的进一步发展，政府确实应该投资非实用科研。“
结尾段用英文表述如下：
In conclusion, considering the huge potential benefits and further development of scientific research, the government indeed should invest in impractical scientific research.
以上，就是本篇独立写作从审题到写作的分步解析。本文在开头段运用了“一引二扣三观四铺”的经典方式，中间两个主题段的论证中综合使用了原因、举例等论证方法，再结合适当的让步逻辑，便形成了一篇中心切题、论证丰富、说理清晰的文章。希望同学们在练习中能学以致用，举一反三，使这些方法服务于自己的写作。
托福独立写作范文：人人都可以改变环境
写作话题
Do you agree or disagree with the following statement? Because environmental issues are too complicated, individuals can do nothing to solve them.
参考范文
Our current environmental problems grow ever more serious. Sometimes they seem so serious and confusing that it seems an individual could never do anything to help fi x the problems. Personally speaking, I believe that individuals can make a difference. There are at least two areas where the efforts of ordinary individuals can be meaningful in solving environmental issues.
Firstly, individuals can protect environment by changing their ways of waste disposal. If every person would classify his or her garbage before throwing it away, much of it could be recycled and pollution could be reduced. Just take beverage cans as one example. Recent surveys suggest that over 7,000 tons of waste beverage cans go un-recycled each year in America alone. The cost of finding these cans after they have been thrown away, reclassifying them as recyclable and then sending them to be recycled is far higher than simply making new ones. However, if individuals would sort their cans before they discard them, and then discard them into the proper containers, the expense of recycling would decline greatly and there would be reduction in absolute pollution caused by the beverage cans. This is just one area where an individual can make a difference.
Secondly, environmental problems will be somewhat revolved once individuals in society consume less energy. It is because the requirement of natural resources used to produce energy will reduce and as a result, the environmental damage human inflicts will also decline. As an academic survey indicates, if every family in American could reduce their electricity use by 5% a year,1.65 billion units would be saved. It means that the generator motived by coals in the whole country can take a break for more than a month. In fact, not only can it make human’s requirement of natural resources less, but also it can alleviate the air pollution caused by burning coals. Consequently, for winning the battle of protecting environment, individuals’ endeavor, undoubtedly, is a great strength that should not be ignored.
Admittedly, most people do not have the specialized knowledge and skills to tackle many issues related to the environment. Besides, they do not have the influence to change entire systems. Nevertheless, the claim that individuals can do nothing to solve these issues is an obvious overstatement. In fact, the power that individual can exert is much more than we can expect.
In conclusion, I disagree with the idea that individuals can do nothing in solving environmental problems since the issues are too complicated.
参考译文
当前我们面临的环境问题已经越来越严峻了。有时这些问题看起来格外严重，令人不知所措，以至于人们觉得个人在解决环境问题方面已经无能为力了。然而在我看来，即使是个人也可以尽自己的一份努力，来改变这一现状。至少在下面两个方面，普通人也能为之做出有意义的贡献。
首先，人们可以通过改变垃圾丢弃的方式，来保护环境。如果每个人都能在丢掉垃圾之前将其分类，那么这些垃圾中的一大部分就可以被回收，进而减少污染。以饮料罐为例。最近一项调查显示，仅在美国，每年就有超过 7000 吨废饮料罐未能得到回收。如果人们要找回这些已丢弃的饮料罐，并将其重新分类、回收利用，其成本要比制造新罐子高得多。然而，如果人们可以事先分拣出这些废罐子，并将它们扔到相应的垃圾箱里，回收的费用则将大大下降，而由饮料罐引起的污染也会有所减少。以上这不过是个人能够为环保做出贡献的诸多领域之一。
其次，如果每个人能够降低自己对能源的消耗，那么环境问题也将在一定程度上得到解决。这是由于人们不再需要消耗大量的自然资源来制造能源。自然资源消耗的下降及工业生产的缩减，会降低人类对环境造成的损害。一份学术调查表明，如果所有的美国家庭每年能减少 5% 的用电量，那么便可节省 16.5 亿度电，而这意味着全国以燃煤为动力的发电机可以少工作一月有余。事实上， 那不仅能减少人们对自然资源的消耗，同时也能够减轻因烧煤而引起的空气污染。因此，要赢得环保战斗的胜利，个人的努力，毫无疑问，是一个不应被忽视的强大力量。
诚然，大多数人不具备解决诸多环境问题的专业知识和技能。此外，他们也没有足够的影响力以改变整个体系。但即使这样，声称个人在解决这些问题上完全无能为力显然言过其实了。事实上，个人能够发挥出的力量是远远超过我们预期的。
综上所述，我不认同“环境问题太过复杂，因此个人在解决这些问题上无能为力”这个说法。
范文点拨
这篇范文共五段。首段依然是引子、点题、观点、铺垫四个要素。对于本题的话题，即个人是否在应对复杂的环境问题面前无能为力，作者持的是一种否定态度，并在其后的两个正论段中，从垃圾处理和能源节约方面进行了论证。另外，作者在论述以上两段时，也分别给出了具体的数据，作为细节加以佐证。在让步段中，作者使用了“让步句 +让步论证 +转折句 +转折论证”的四句话论证法。值得注意的是，这一次的让步论证中，作者给出了与让步句论点平行的另一观点，来对其做出补充说明。总体上说，整篇文章长度适中，且语言亮点较多，难度适中，非常适合考生模仿研习。
篇2：托福独立写作中间段
1. Q：一定需要三大段论点理由展开来证明开头观点吗?
A：No. 中间段可以有一个论点展开，也可以拿到满分。同学们可以参看ETS的第三版p202页的官方范文5分和4分赏析。
2. Q： 独立写作中间段的结构是什么?
A： 论点Main point Sentence+论据Details. 尽量不要突兀地写for example，需要指明例子之前的论点句。
3. Q： 怎么展开一个中间段落才能做到评分标准5分要求呢?
A： 其实有很多方法将论点展开Details，比如：我强化班会重点介绍的几种：Specific personal example 少而精; General example 多而简; compare& contrast对比反差; Study &Survey 调查数据; Famous people权威名人; Quotation名言谚语; 等。
4. Q： 以上是不是每种方法都要在独立写作中间段用上?
A： 这几种方法都是平行关系，可以挑选一种方法即可展开一个论点句。当然，也可以挑选其中两三种方法使得一个段落展开地非常细致。
5. Q： 独立写作是不是中间段字数越多越好?
A： 展开的Details的语言部分非常重要，比如由电脑自动评分E-rater主要评判Grammar，Usage，Style， lexical complexity等方面。
6. Q： 独立写作的中间段是不是一定需要所谓的“辨证式/反证式/让步式”写法?
A： 有这种辩证式思路文章会写得更全面， 但是这不是必要的。因为ETS的官方指南和评分标准告诉大家： 托福写作考的并不是该同学对一个观点分析有多么深刻，主要是语言的表达和内容的清晰。
托福独立写作：如何保证段落和文章的统一性
一、段落主题思想要与全文观点相匹配
例题：Nowadays, food has become easier to prepare. Has this change improved the way people live? Use specific reasons and examples to support your answer.
题目大意：如今食物变得越来越容易准备。这种变化是不是改善了人们的生活?
该问题中提供给考生探讨的要点是食物准备方式的改变是否提高生活质量。对此问题，一些考生马上就联想到：食物容易准备节约了时间，并就此给出段落中心词。但结合文章论点稍微深入思考一步就会发现，时间缩短这一项改变虽然是事实，但对于生活质量的影响并不直接，如果作为主要论点给出的话会使读者觉得该支持理由与主题观点并没有直接关联。所以对于这种容易想出但与文章中心关系并不密切的拓展思路就需要能及时舍弃。
二、段落主题句要能言之有物
这是再功利不过的一条标准，就上面这道题目而言，有的考生注意到了食物准备时间缩短与生活质量改善之间的思路跳跃，因此在两者中间补充说明，食物准备时间缩短能让人性情改变，从而影响人们的生活质量，构思时觉得该立意比较新颖，又能切合主题，继续写下去不无可能。但真正落笔时却不知道该如何说明人们性情转变这一抽象情况，并且自己平常生活中对此也并无较深入的感受和经验，结果说了一句话拓展就不得不匆匆收尾，导致读者要不就读得“意犹未尽”，要不就干脆觉得“云里雾里”。与其这样，还不如选个常见思路，如：快速的生活节奏造成压力，来展开拓展，这样即能展示语言功底，也能显示思维缜密的写作方向。
三、全文选择的2个或是3个段落支持理由之间不能出现重复论述
这其实是整个构思阶段的重头。要立意，就是要明白自己表达的对象是什么，明确立场。然后站在这个立场上，挑选支持自己的论点。在整理行文思路时，考生所进行的其实是个发散思维的过程，而立意，则是要把思维收回来，组织化，理清它的脉络纹路，让它们有着各自的特征，又能协调地为同一目的服务。
能够说服读者的议论文，在论点选择上应该遵循一个原则：三个(或者两个)论点虽说要符合一条明线：支持全文观点，但不能在各自的论述层面上有交叉。比如在上题所给的理由中已经列出：快速的生活节奏造成压力，有的考生继续拓展第二支持理由：人们正在沉沦于速食中，丧失享受生活的品位，这两点看上去都与主题相关，并且有各自的中心点，但是稍微拓展就会发现，其实两者都是围绕人们的心理健康这一基本点所进行的思维扩展，与其分开两段来写，还不如先给出影响心理健康这一中心，再分原因和不同情况进行扩展论述。这样即体现了同一段落内部论述的全面性，又避免出现两段中内容及语言的重复表达。
托福独立写作主体段写法技巧——单观点篇
通常对于独立写作我们都会选择五段式的结构，这个结构包括三个主体段，按照题型我们可以将写作类型分为三个：支持反对类(单观点)、对比比较类(双观点)、自主定义类。首先我们要明确一下定义，单观点话题就是说题目只要求考生表明自己的态度，支持或反对，并且题目中没有任何要求拿来作比较的对象。今天，闫玲娟老师跟各位考生分析一下有关单观点类题目的写作技巧，下面是一道典型的题目：
? Topic .11.3
? People who do not work because they have enough money are rarely happy.
这道题就是一道典型的单观点题目，“那些因为有足够的钱而不去工作的人，他们鲜少开心。”
针对单观点话题主体段的展开有两种方式，举例我们支持是A观点，先来看第一种写法。
1. A+A+A
这种写法代表着我们需要用三个理由支持自己的选择。
Topic：It is desirable to know about events from all over the world even if it is unlikely to have any effect on your daily life.
? 了解世界各地发生的事情是好的，纵使这些事不会对我们的日常生活产生任何影响。
1. To begin with, being aware of these cultural events means having more topics for communication.
2. In addition, learning news about science is necessary for us to form correct world views in today’s fast-changing society.
3. In the end, understanding political incidents serves as an excellent method to broaden our horizons.
在这种写法里考生可举出了三个论点正向支持自己的态度，认为了解这些事情是必要的。但是这种写法并不适用于每个考生，因为对于大部分考生来说，要一口气想到主体段的三个理由是有难度的，需要较为丰富的素材积累和较快地反应速度才能做到。因此，大部分考生在写作过程中倾向于选择让步段的写作方式，可以快速简单有效地解决主体段分论点。下面我们来看第二种写法。
2. A+A+(-A)
这种写法代表，前两个论点正向表达考生的观点，最后一个主体段让步一下，以达到全面看待topic的效果。在此引用一个例子:
? Scientists should be responsible for negative impacts of their discoveries?
? Disagree
1. The aim and motivation of scientists’ research is to transform the world and improve people’s life.
2. The results of most discoveries are advantageous to our society.
3. Admittedly, we should not overlook that in some cases, scientists’ inventions lead to negative impacts.However, this kind of impact often is not created by scientists. It could be the consequence of people’s improper use.
这道题我们的写法依然是先用两个理由解释我们为什么持反对的态度，然后再用一个相反的观点削弱我们的态度，从而达到全面看待问题的效果。最后一个观点的逻辑是，虽然承认有负面影响，但同时为科学开脱：这些消极的影响并非出自科学家之手，而是由于人们的不恰当使用造成的。
篇3：托福独立写作：让步式写法用法介绍
但是，让步段写作也需要遵循一定的原则。考生在写作时，应当按照三部曲进行：1)写出一个反方观点 2)进行一定程度的削弱 3)重申自己的观点。
1. 写出反方观点
这一步大多数同学都做得不错，但是在提出反方观点之前，可再加上一些连接词，例如admittedly, nevertheless等等。还拿之前拿到题目做例子，For further career success, is relate well to other people more important than studying hard at school? 总观点是同意，让步段写学习好也挺重要的。第一步引出反方观点时，应写：Admittedly, acquiring an excellent GPA is one significant proof of your ability, for ”study“ is one of the major tasks that students are supposed to fulfill in school.
2. 进行一定程度的削弱
这是大多数同学会忽略的一步。很多同学在写让步段的时候，喜欢跳过第二步，直接重申自己的观点，然而这样的写法会显得逻辑上牵强，行文也显得生硬。因此，在提出反方观点时要进行一定的削弱。例如在写完上文那句话之后，应加上：However, the outstanding scores only prove the intelligence of the student, while the EQ, largely reflected by how well you relate with others, plays an utmost significant role in the future career success.
3. 重申自己的观点
这一步非常重要，因为让步段的提出仅仅是小插曲，重要的还是自己的观点。切不可写了让步段，就忘了自己的立场，那样就是得不偿失了。因此，在写完上面两句话之后，需要再加上一句，therefore, I still hold the opinion that relate well with others is more important than acquiring high scores in school.
在让步段的写作当中，尤其需要注意两点：1是第二步的削弱过程，这样可使文章看起来不那么唐突，更为流畅。2是另外还需注意字数的控制，让步段切不可写得超过之前的论述段的长度，否则就有观点不明确的嫌疑了。
托福写作高分满分范文点评和思路解析：选择朋友的标准
托福写作难点话题一览
What do you appreciate most in a friend?
What do you want most in a friend — someone who is intelligent, or someone who has a sense of humor, or someone who is reliable? Which one of these characteristics is most important to you? Use reasons and specific examples to explain your choice.
写作思路展开结构分析
这是一道提问考生交友观念的题目，给出的3个选择分别是有智慧、幽默感和可靠。其实小编觉得这3点都是比较笼统的，需要结合实际例子才能比较好的体现出来。大家可以从中选择一点来结合实例详细展开论述，这道题目没有任何倾向性，所以大家只要抓住自己选择的点体现出论述说服力即可。
本话题高分范文赏析
I appreciate all three qualities in my friends. It is important to me that my friends are intelligent, because I value intellectually stimulating conversation on meaningful topics. On the other hand, a friend with a good sense of humor can entertain and understands how to ease my sorrows by making me laugh in difficult times. However, only the reliable friend, by virtue of his dependability and loyalty, is guaranteed to stand by me in difficult times, and thus reliability is the most important characteristic I look for in a friend. In my last year of senior school my three friends and I decided that we would study together for the college entrance exam, but my smartest friend hardly ever showed. She was extremely intelligent and everybody, including our teachers, was certain that she would be admitted to one of the best universities in the country. As a result, she did not bother to study much. At our study sessions she would appear occasionally, but more often than not her visits would distract us rather than help us. We would end up talking about metaphysical concepts like the existence of god instead of studying our lessons.
My humorous friend attended most of our meetings, but usually he was unprepared and we had to spend a lot of time getting him up to speed. He made us laugh, and he joked about how much better we were learning now that we had to teach him. Maybe he was right, but his constant lack of preparation became a steady source of frustration to the other two of us.
However, my third friend and I were able to rely on each other. We overcame our common frustrations and fears by completing the tasks we set out to do. During those long evenings when the work seemed unbearable we cheered each other up and kept working hard. Meanwhile our intelligent friend was minding her own business and our humorous friend was making somebody else laugh.
托福写作：父母与学校教育类
Should parents limit the time that children watch television?
Should parents encourage children to finish the homework independently or help them finish?
Should parents allow children to make mistakes and draw lessons from what they have done?
Should University provide students with the courses of career preparation?
Should the professor focus on research and study or educating students?
Should university spend more money on facilities’ improvement or hiring famous teachers?
Can people become well-educated more easily than before?
Do you agree or disagree with the following statement: the best way to let a student gain more interests in a certain subject is to tell them it helps their life in the future.
Do you agree or disagree with the following statement: All high-school students should take basic economic courses.
The best way for parents to teach their children about responsibility is to have them care for animals.
Do you agree or disagree with the following statement ：
Parents today are more involved in their children's education than parents were in the past.
Should students pay attention to famous teachers or satisfied jobs after graduation when they apply universities?
Do you do you agree or disagree with the following statement with the following statement? One of the ways that parents can help children be ready for adult life to ask them to do a part-time job. Use specific reasons and examples to support your answer.
篇4：托福独立写作开头段写法
托福独立写作开头段4种优秀写法模板实例分析点评
1. 标准写法：直接表明立场开门见山
题目：
Businesses are as likely as are governments to establish large bureaucracies, but bureaucracy is far more damaging to a business than it is to a government.
模板：
Contrary to the statement’s premise, my view is that businesses are less likely than government to establish large bureaucracies, because businesses know that they are more vulnerable than government to damage resulting from bureaucratic inefficiencies. My position is well supported by common sense and by observation.
点评：
开门见山式的开头段写法其实是比较标准的一种写法，因为托福的独立写作从题目要求来说本质上就是一篇议论文，而且还是立论文，需要考生自己提出观点然后论述证明。那么在开头段就直接鲜明地亮出观点无疑是很合理的写法，对考官来说也能第一时间就看到你的观点，可以说是对读者比较友好的一种写法。比如上面的这个模板，就是第一句话直接写出了自己对题目的反对立场，并且最后给出了引出下面正式论述的引导句。这种开头段写法虽然不玩花样看似有点平淡甚至BORING，但对于不要求太多文笔更看重论述逻辑的议论文来说确实是比较高效的写法，也很适合新手考生进行模仿学习。
2. 创意写法：引用谚语名言联系现实
题目：
“As technologies and the demand for certain services change, many workers will lose their jobs. The responsibility for those people to adjust to such change should belong to the individual worker, not to government or to business.
模板：
As a saying goes, “God helps those help themselves”, which is true in most cases. But as far as the large numbers of laid-off workers caused by the technological and market changes are concerned, I believe the government and the business certainly have an unshakable responsibility to take.
点评：
这种写法就比较有创意了，当然大家在写中文作文时肯定也用过，就是开头就先引用个名人名言压一下场面，比如某某曾经说过。。。这样的写法。这种写法对考生的英语积累有一定要求，引用的谚语或者名言既要符合题目场景切题，考生也需要完整记住这句名言而不能自行修改甚至凭空捏造，无论是强行凑名言还是伪造的做法都只会让结果适得其反。当然这种写法能够一定程度上展现出考生的英语素养和积累，可以说是一种比较炫技的写法，大家如果在英语的言语名言方面有不错的积累可以考虑一下这种写法。
3. 稳妥写法：先复述原题再引出观点
题目：
”We shape our buildings and afterwards our buildings shape us.”
模板：
I believe this statement should be interpreted broadly—to mean that we are influenced by the exterior shape of buildings, as well as by the arrangement of multiple buildings and by a building’s various architectural and aesthetic elements. While I doubt that buildings determine our character or basic personality traits, I agree that they can greatly influence our attitudes, moods, and even life styles.
点评：
这种写法比起直接开门见山亮观点的写法来说可能更加稳妥一些，毕竟先简单复述题目再表达自己观点是托福官方指南OG中比较推荐的开头写法。而且无论考生对题目观点是否赞同，对题目复述之后进行适当的让步再亮出观点也是一种比较委婉的表述方式。当然这种写法需要注意不能引用太多原题，而且不能照搬需要用自己的话来适当改动一下。这其中的度大家需要把握好，否则反而会引起一些不必要的扣分。
4. 设问写法：自问自答给出立场态度
题目：
\"As technologies and the demand for certain services change, many workers will lose their jobs. The responsibility for those people to adjust to such change should belong to the individual worker, not to government or to business.”
模板：
As technology and changing social needs render more and more jobs obsolete, who is responsible for helping displaced workers adjust? While individuals have primary responsibility for learning new skills and finding work, both industry and government have some obligation to provide them the means of doing so.
点评：
自问自答式的开头段写法在托福考试官方给出的范文类资料中是比较少见的。这种设问写法的作用也很明显，通过汇总其实也就是变相复述一下原题目，对其中比较尖锐的矛盾问题直接以提问的形式来引出之后自己的看法。这种写法其实是比较挑题目的，如果作文原题是那种有明显对立互斥观点，或者要求考生二选一的题目，那么用这种写法就比较适合了。而对于一些只要求考生给出自己的观点比较平淡一些的题目，这种写法可能就会给人强行挑事的感觉了。因此大家学习这种开头模板写法需要注意根据题目来选择使用。
总而言之，托福独立写作对开头段的要求比较高，考生需要写出优秀的开头段才能让自己的文章更有吸引力拿到更好的成绩。本文中提供的这4种写法模板，大家也可以尝试学习模仿一下，如果能够熟练掌握，应该会对大家的独立写作提分带来一定帮助。
托福写作模板:食物保存
Nowadays，food has become easier to prepare. Has this change improved the way people live? Use specific reasons and examples to support your answer.
托福写作模板及范文参考：
Nowadays， wherever we turn our gaze， we can see different types of food that are easier to prepare. For instance， we can buy frozen foods in a supermarket and just prepare it in a couple of minutes， whereas before it could have taken us maybe hours to prepare this kind of meals. I would accept that this so-called improvement has changed our lives， but I believe that there are some drawbacks as well.
It is true that these kinds of food do not involve hard work to prepare， but food that is easy to prepare generally has some artificial ingredients mixed in it that makes it “easy-to-cook”. If we take time to read the ingredients， we would definitely come across words like preservatives or artificial flavorings. It was just a couple of days ago that I came across a newspaper article which stated that someone was poisoned because he ate this type of food. He was hospitalized for almost a month.
Not having to cook has also taken the fun out of cooking. Cooking is an art， but in today's world， this is no more true. People are so busy with their work that they just rely on this simple foods. The invention and production of this foods have made people lazy not only for cooking but also for a well family get-together. It was not like former times when families would sit together and eat freshly baked food. Instead， they are getting these artificial things with minimal nutrients in them.
Cooking in the yesteryears was much better than today's. People would spend more time in the kitchen， preparing the food in the way that they liked it. This brought families closer together and also contributed to the high quality and nutrition of the food. Granted， people are busier nowadays and do not have as much time as they did in the past， but I believe that people have forgotten the importance of healthy， fresh food and of the time a family spends together preparing the food. So， I would say that having food that is easy to prepare has had many disadvantages.
托福写作模板:在校学生打工
In some countries， teenagers have jobs while they are still students. Do you think this is a good idea? Support your opinion by using specific reasons and details.
托福写作范文参考:
I don't think it is a good idea for teenagers to have jobs while they are still students. It can interfere with their studies， it can disrupt their home life， and it takes away pan of their childhood that they can never replace.
Education today is very complex and difficult. In order to learn and get good grades， a student must work very hard and concentrate. This means attending classes from early in the morning until late afternoon， then doing research for projects， then going home and doing homework. It's a busy schedule for anyone. For someone trying to hold down a job， it's even harder. Students need all their energy for their studies. If they're working after class at night， they're going to be tired the next day. They won't be able to concentrate. This will have a negative impact on their learning， and eventually on their grades.
Having a job can also disrupt a teenager's home life. Families spend less and less time together. If a teenager has a job to go to after school， he won't be home for dinner. He won't be home after dinner， either， and may not get home until late at night. This means he doesn't have a lot of time to spend with his family. If he doesn't have a car， it can mean changes in his parents' schedules， too. They have to drive him to work and pick him up.
The main drawback of a teenager having a job while he's still a student is that he's missing out on the fun of being young. He has a whole lifetime in which he'll have to earn a living. This is the last free time he'll have. It's the last chance he'll have to hang out with friends and just enjoy himself.
Soon enough he'll have to worry about paying the rent and buying food.
Jobs bring money， but money isn't everything. A teenager with a job gives up too much. No one should spend all his time at work， and especially not a teenager.
托福
篇5：如何提升托福独立写作开头段
如何提升托福独立写作开头段
托福独立写作开头段要重视可读性
关于托福独立写作开头段的要求，大家可能都认为只要能够概括一下作文题目并提出自己的观点就算达成了考试要求。殊不知官方指南OG中其实还有一条要求，那就是It makes the reader want to read the essay. 用中文来说，就是要让读者感兴趣想读下去，这里的读者当然指的就是评分官。如果只是按照高分套路的各种官方非官方模板来写开头段，那么哪怕这个开头段写得再为规范标准，恐怕也难逃一个平淡无味的评价，毕竟大家都是这么写的，固定的套路看上千百遍可读性和阅读兴趣可想而知。因此，考生在练习托福独立写作时，也需要重视开头段的可读性和趣味性，从读者角度出发提升开头段的吸引力。
提升开头段可读性方法介绍
在小编看来，能够提升开头段可读性同时适用于托福写作的思路主要有两种，一种是提高开头段的惊奇感，另一种是提升开头段的权威性，具体做法是：
1. 戏剧化的开头段
大家可以发现，一些优秀的文学作品，其整篇文章的开头段都是很有特色的。比如名著《傲慢与偏见》的开头It is a truth universally acknowledged, that a single man in possession of a good fortune must be in want of a wife.就显得很有趣味性，用一条看似公认的真理瞬间就提升起了读者兴趣。这种写法其实颇有些类似如今网络资讯中常见的“震惊”系标题的意思，这样的写法思路考生就可以参考一下。比如，作文题目讨论的是teamwork，那么大家就可以结合近些年比较流行的超级英雄题材电影，来上这么一句：There are no superheroes in the real world. 之后再展开并亮出观点。这样的写法就颇有戏剧性，同时也能够满足开头段功能型上的要求。
2. 引用名人名言
另一种能够有效提升读者兴趣的开头段写法是在开头就引用一句名人名言。对于评分官来说，看多了大家在文章当中引用名人名言来进行论证，但在开头段就读到名人名言，这样的体验想必还是比较新奇独特的，阅读兴趣也会得到提升。比如讨论教育类的话题，那么曼德拉的那句名言Education is the most powerful weapon which you can use to change the world.就可以在开头段直接亮出来。之后无论自己给出怎样的观点其实都能够符合要求。这种写法不仅能提升可读性，而且也有很高的适用性，涉及不同话题的题目只需要各准备一个关联性较强的名人名言句子就可以了，也是比较推荐的一种开头段写法。
托福写作模板:电视或者电影影响
托福写作模板及范文参考：
How do movies or television influence people's behavior? Use reasons and specific examples to support your answer.
托福写作范文参考：
Do movies and television affect our behavior? I believe that movies and television do influence our behavior， both for the better and for the worse.
Movies and television influence our behavior because they make us less active. Looking at films is a passive activity. If we watch too much， we become unhealthy， both mentally and physically. We stop using our own imagination when we see things acted out for us. Mental laziness becomes physical laziness; we'd rather watch sports on TV than play sports ourselves. We'd rather visit with the characters on “Seinfeld” or “Friends” than go chat with our own neighbors. Imaginary people have exciting lives. Is it any wonder that some people would rather live a fantasy life than their own? Movies and television also can make people more violent. The more we see violent acts on television， the less sensitive we become to them： Eventually violence doesn't seem wrong. We may even commit violent acts ourselves. This is especially true because we don't always realize that violence has consequences. Actors can be killed and come back for another movie. Sometimes we confuse that with reality. We forget that killing someone is permanent.
Of course， watching movies and television can also be good for us. It can give us a broader window on the world. For example， seeing movies can expose us to people of different races and cultures. We can then overcome some prejudices more easily. Recently there have been more handicapped people in films， and this also helps reduce prejudice.
The best influence on our behavior is that movies and television reduce stress. Watching films， we can escape our own problems for a little while. Also， sometime movies show positive ways to resolve problems we all face. While TV and movies shouldn't be a way to hide from life， sometimes they can help us cope.
It is true that movies and television can influence our behavior negatively. However， I also believe that they influence our behavior in positive ways. How they affect you depends on how much you watch， what you watch， and how you respond to what you watch.
托福写作模板:成功与品质
托福写作模板及范文参考：
Do you agree or disagree with the following statement? One of the characteristics of successful leaders is their sense of responsibility in accepting their mistakes.
托福写作范文参考：
Undoubtedly, successful leaders may have various kinds of characteristics, such as honesty and loyalty. However, some people wonder if the sense of responsibility in accepting their mistakes is the characteristic they possess. I believe that successful leaders’ capability is great enough that they can handle the consequences of their mistakes, especially when considering the power they hold and the knowledge they possess.
Firstly, these leaders have great influence on society. This influence can help them resolve the very problem they cause. For example, the leaders in the government passed a policy of printing more currency for our country three years ago. After this policy was enforced, it had a significant impact on our society. Frankly, our society has experienced great inflation and the value of our money has depreciated greatly. One noticeable consequence is that the price of various products has increased largely. When the leaders in the government learned the destructive results of their policy, they took action to resolve the issue. Now the negative impact of this policy is all but extinct. Using this example we can see that leaders have the power to solve their own mistakes.
Further, these leaders have the wisdom to solve the errors they commit. Generally, such leaders all have a strong background in academics. Consequently, they are very likely to provide efficient solutions for their mistakes. For example, Andrew, the CEO of Siemens Cooperation, graduated with a Computer science degree from MIT. He designed a new office system for auto-management. In this system, some bugs were not discovered before implementation. Three months ago, he discovered the bugs. Now, he has proposed an efficient solution to eliminate the damage, which may have been inflicted by the bugs. With education in computer science, he was able to resolve the problems completely. Thus, it can be inferred that leaders in business can often find a solution for their problems. Further, it reveals that they can be responsible for their mistakes.
Admittedly, the mistakes caused by these leaders initially seem irrevocable. Sometimes, these mistakes might have already imposed tremendous influence on the public. However, leaders can still try their best to protect people from further harms. Only through admitting and correcting their mistakes timely can they maintain their success and win their reputation back.
In a nutshell, due to their abilities as leaders and their superior education, I believe that these successful leaders can be responsible for the mistakes they commit.
篇6：托福独立写作开头段如何写好
开头段主要用以下几种方法来组织，即背景法(Background)，争议法(Controversy)，提问法(Question)，故事法(Story)和引言法(Quotation)。
以背景法为例。背景法一般会提出一种普遍的或值得关注的现象作为背景或者是由远到近，由大到小地谈论紧扣论题的社会观点作为背景。背景法开头段的结构通常如下：背景(1-3句)+论题+反方观点+(反方理由)+过度+(正方观点)+作者的观点+作者的理由。以2007年8月11日的独立写作试题为例：Technologymakes people‘s lives more complicated.题目涉及到了现今社会比较热门的话题---科技。这样，我们就可以以这种社会比较关注的现象作为我们作文的开头背景。因此这个题目的首段就可以这样开始：Technologyhas had tremendous impacts on every aspect of modern life. However, people arehaving conflicting opinions about whether it has made people’s lives morecomplicated or not. I believe technology has by and large made our lives moreconvenient。第一句话就是一句紧贴社会的背景，这样写不但很容易打开考生自己的思路，抓住作文的焦点，还能引起考官的共鸣。
