NSEFC 高一Unit 20 重、难点讲解
【简介】感谢网友“废话专家”参与投稿，以下是小编收集整理的NSEFC 高一Unit 20 重、难点讲解（共5篇），欢迎阅读与借鉴。
篇1：NSEFC 高一Unit 20 重、难点讲解
本单元重、难点讲解
1．In England，who can marry couples in church?
在英国，谁能够在教堂里结为夫妇主持婚礼呢？
①marry用作及物动词，意为“嫁、娶；把女儿嫁给某人；（指牧师或官员）为（双方）主持婚礼。”
此时marry是终止性动词，不能与一般时间连用，也不能和to连用。如：
My brother married a neighbour’s daughter.
我哥哥娶了一位邻居家的女儿。
Mr Brown wanted to marry his daughter to a rich man.
布朗先生要把他的女儿嫁给一个有钱的人。
marry用作不及物动词，意为“结婚”，也是终止性动词，有时和副词、形容词连用。如：
John married young. 约翰早婚。
She married late in life. 她很晚才结婚。
在非正式文体中，“结婚”常用be/get married（to sb），get married表示动作，be married表示状态，其中to不能换成with.如：
She got married to a man from her hometown. 她同一位同乡结了婚。
Betty’s parents have been married for more than 25 years.
贝蒂的父母结婚已经25年多了。
②couple意为“一对男女；夫妇”，作主语时，谓语动词多用单数，若强调个体，有时也视为复数。如：
The young couple seems（seem）to be happy.
这对年轻人看起来很快乐。
a couple of有两种含义。一种作“两个”，另一种作“几个、数个”。如：
They keep a couple of dogs. 他们养了两条狗。
They stayed there for a couple of days.
他们在那呆了几天。
2．How close to each other did the man and the woman live?
这位男士和女士相互居住得有多近？
close to意为“离……很近；在附近；几乎”。如：
The British don’t like to stand close to each other.
英国人不喜欢站立时离得很近。
It’s close to five o’clock now. Let’s have a rest.
现在快5点钟了，咱们休息一下吧！
close与closely的辨析
close与closely皆为副词，但有区别。
close意为“接近地，靠近地”，表示具体的概念；close多用来修饰由介词引导的短语。
closely意为“仔细地，密切地”，常表达抽象的概念，它多用来修饰动词和过去分词。如：
Everyone felt that his words hit close to home.
大家都认为他的话击中了要害。
This problem is closely connected with that one.
这个问题与那个问题有密切的联系。
3．I would like to reach a wide audience，though I mostly have adults in mind.
我想影响广大的观众，虽然我主要想着成年人。
①would like（= would love/ should like）常用来表示有礼貌的请求或表示个人意愿，意为“想要、愿意”，其后常接名词、代词、动词不定式或含有动词不定式的复合结构。如；
Would you like a cup of coffee?
Would you like to help me with the washing up?
Would you like me to have a look at your new dictionary?
②audience属于集合名词。意为“听众、观众、读者”，以整体考虑时视为单数，而重点放在个人时，则视为复数。如：
The audience was/ were fascinated by her beautiful song.
听众被她那美妙的歌声迷住了。
The program is said to have an audience of over two million.
据说那个节目拥有二百万以上的观众。
③mostly意为“主要地、大部分地”，无比较等级形式，只用作副词而不能用作形容词。如：
Our weather has been mostly warm. 我们这里的气候多数情况下都很暖和。
4．Still，I do not think everybody will find my kind of humour funny.
但我还是认为并非所有人都会觉得我这类幽默好笑。
①still用作副词，意为“尽管如此；然而；但还是”。如：
He has treated you badly；still，he is your brother and you should help him.
他待你很不好，但他终归是你的兄弟，你应该帮助他。
Although she felt ill，she still went to work.
她虽然觉得身体不舒服，但仍然去上班了。
②注意本句英汉表达的区别。英语中有些动词，如：think，believe，expect，suppose，feel，quess，imagine等。当它们后面接一个具有否定意义的宾语从句时，通常要把主句的动词变为否定式，而宾语从句中的谓语动词用肯定形式。这种现象称为否定转移。在反疑疑问句中，若陈述部分是第一人称，think等词用一般现在时，则疑问部分需与从句中的主语和谓语保持一致，否则要与主句的主语和谓语保持一致。如：
I don’t believe what he said is true，is it?
我认为他说的不是真话。
I don’t think it’s going to rain tomorrow，is it?
我想明天不会下雨，对吗？
You don’t think I have made mistakes，do you?
你并不认为我犯了什么错误，是吗？
5．Jokes about speaking a foreign language，German for example，always works.
有关说外国话的笑话，比如说德语，总是能引人发笑。
work表示“产生预期的结果或作用”的意思，是不及物动词，指计划、办法等。获得所希望的结果。如：
Did the cleaning fluid work（on that stain）?
这种洗涤剂（对那块污斑）管用吗？
My plan worked，and I got them to agree.
我的想法奏效了，我让他们同意了。
Stories always work with children.
对孩子而言，故事总是管用的。
6．Cross-dressing men or women often appear on the stage.
穿异性服装的男演员或女演员经常亮相舞台。
appear意为“出现，呈现”，用作不及物动词，不能用于被动语态，其反义词为disappear.如：
A rainbow appeared in the sky after the rain. 雨后天空出现彩虹。
We expected him at seven but he didn’t appear until eight.
我们期待他7点会来，但他到8点才出现。
appear还可作“似乎，好像，显得”，不用于进行时。如：
You don’t appear to care much for music.
你好像不怎么喜欢音乐。（appear to do sth.）
she appears （to be）an honest girl.
她似乎是个诚实的女孩。（appear [to be] n / adj）
appear，look ，seem的辨析
appear指根据事物的表面现象而提出的判断，暗含事实往往并非如此。
look指凭视觉印象而做出的判断，实际上也可能如此。
seem是指暗含有一定根据，往往接近事实的判断，是强调内心的感受，它们之后都可以接名词、形容词，to be不定式等结构。
7．The actors make us laugh by making fun of somebody’s way of dressing or telling an amusing story.
表演者通过取笑某人的着装方式，讲述有趣的故事，引我们发笑。
①make sb. do sth.的意思是“使某人做某事”，其中的do sth.为不带to的动词不定式作宾语补足语，这一结构变为被动结构时，原来的宾语变成了主语，宾语补足语变成了主语补足语，这时的不定式要带to，除make外，see，hear等动词也可接不带to的动词不定式作宾语补足语。例如：
A funny movie often makes us laugh. 滑稽的影片常逗得我们捧腹大笑。
②介词by与动名词或名词连用，表示方式、手段或原因，意为“通过，凭借，因为”。如：
He caught a cold by playing soccer in the rain.
他在雨中踢足球而感冒了。
Don’t judge a person by appearance. 不要以貌取人。
by多用于动作，表示通过做什么事情以取得预期的结果。
with多用于一件东西、工具等，表示我们用的是什么工具。如：
He got what he wanted by talking very cleverly.
他话说得很乘巧，因而得到了他想要的东西。
He got what he wanted with flowers and chocolates.
他靠花束和巧克力糖得到了他想要得到的东西。
③an amusing story意为“一个好笑的故事”，amusing是现在分词作定语。此外，动名词也可作定语，其区别为：现在分词作定语，它与所修饰的名词之间在逻辑上存在着主谓关系，表示这个名词的动作，可改写成一个定语从句；动名词作定语通常表示它所修饰的名词的用途，可改写成一个for短语，二者不存在逻辑上的主谓关系。试比较：
a sleeping boy（= a boy who is sleeping）一个睡着的男孩
a sleeping car（= a car for sleeping）一辆卧车
8．Today students of English，even if English is their mother tongue，cannot understand his jokes.
今天，学英语的学生，即使英语是他们的母语，也无法理解他的笑话。
even if相当于even though，意为“即使；尽管”如：
We will go，even if it rains. 即使下雨，我们也要走。
He will come，even if he is ill. 即使病了，他也会来的。
Even though it is hard work，I enjoy it. 尽管很难，我喜欢这件事。
9．Another type of people whose job is to make people laugh are comedians.
另一种类型的使人发笑的专业人员就是喜剧演员。
type意为“类型，样式”，type of后的名词通常不加冠词。如：
what type of blood is yours? 你是什么血型？
She isn’t my type of woman. 她不是我喜欢的那种类型的女人。
kind，sort，type的辨析
kind特指性质相同，且有极相似之特征，比较笼统、模糊，而sort指大体相似的东西，它们常被通用；type指“型，类型”等，比较具体和肯定。这三个词之后多接单数名词。如：this kind of car或cars of this kind.
10．What comedians have in common with the players in a comedy is their way of playing with words.
滑稽演员与喜剧演员，共同点在于说话玩弄辞藻。
（have）…in common（with）意为“（和……）有共同之处，（和……）一样”例如：
I haven’t a thing in common with my father.
我与父亲没有共同之处。
In common with most young people he hates getting up in the morning.
他跟大多数年轻人一样，早晨不愿起床。
out of the common异乎寻常，不平常。例如：
He had noticed nothing out of the common.
他没有发现异乎寻常的事。
10．A few minutes later everybody is quiet，listening and thinking about the comedian’s words.
过了几分钟，大家都安静下来，听着台词陷入沉思。
listening and thinking…是现在分词作伴随状语，表示同步于句子谓语的动作。例如：
Singing a pop song in a low voice，the girl came into the yard.
这姑娘低声哼着流行歌曲，走进了院子。
The old man sat by the window，reading a newspaper.
老人坐在窗边，读着报纸。
11．Typical for China is the crosstalk show，where a pair of comedians entertain the audience with word play.
中国喜剧的典型是相声，两个滑稽演员通过玩弄辞藻来逗乐观众。
这是一句倒装句，其主语是the crosstalk show，typical是形容词，作表语。原来句子顺序是The crosstalk show，…，is typical for China.但由于show后面跟了一句较长的非限制性定语从句，整个句子结构不平衡，所以把表语和系动词前置。
12．Dating back to the Qing Dynasty，the traditional crosstalk shows，xiangsheng shows，have made people all over China roar with laughter for centuries.
传统的相声表演可以追溯到秦朝，已使全中国人笑了几百年了。
date back to是固定短语，解释为“可追溯到……；是……时代开始有的”不能用于被动语态，谓语常用一般现在时。
例如：This town dates back to Roman times.
这个小镇的历史可以追溯到罗马时期。
date from与date back to意思相似。例如：
The custom dates from the time when men wore swords.
这一习惯开始于男子佩剑时代。
13．Skilled artists make use of all the richness of spoken language to create a rapid flow of fun.
技艺高超的艺术家利用丰富多彩的口语，创造出连绵不绝的乐趣。
a flow of表示“某事物的持续或连续供应”。又如：
cut off the flow of oil 切断石油输送
the constant flow of information源源不断的信息
14．I decided to look on the whole matter as a great joke!
我决定将整件事情当作一个大笑话！
look on sb. / sth. as sb./ sth. 意为“将某人/某事看作…”例如：
She is looked on as the leading authority on the subject.
她被认为是该问题的主要权威。
篇2：NSEFC 高一Unit 22 重、难点的讲解
本单元重、难点的讲解
1．Have you ever been to an amusement park?
你去过露天游乐场吗？
amusement park（美）儿童乐园；露天游乐场
amusement作不可数名词时，当“娱乐，消遣、兴趣”；作可数名词时，当“快乐的事；娱乐（品）。”如：
The little girl looked at me in amusement. 小女孩饶有趣味地看着我。
To our great amusement，the teacher sang a funny song in class.
老师在课堂上唱了一首滑稽的歌，令我们非常愉快。
There were lots of amusements at the fair.
在展览会上有许多有趣的东西。
amusement的动词amuse，是及物动词，意为“使……快乐，逗笑；给……提供娱乐”。其用法如下：
①amuse sb./ oneself（with…）例如：
Her story amused the children greatly. 她的故事逗得那些小孩十分开心。
The girls amused themselves with dolls. 那些女孩玩洋娃娃玩得很高兴。
②be amused at / by / with…以……为乐。如：
The audience was amused by the magician’s tricks.
观众被魔术师的戏法逗乐了。
③be amused to do sth. 做……取乐。如：
I was very much amused to see the seal perform its tricks.
我被海豹的特技表演逗乐了。
注意：表示情感的动词的用法大致相同。如：
be surprised / excited / disappointed / pleased / delighted at…
因……而吃惊/兴奋/失望/高兴
2．It will attract tourists. 它将会吸引游客。
attract是及物动词，可作“（以魅力等）吸引（人），引诱；引起（注意、开心）。”
例如：The concert attracted a great number of people.
那场音乐会吸引了许多人。
I tried to attract her attention，but failed.
我想要引起她的注意，却枉费心机。
attraction是attract的名词形式，意为“魅力，吸引人之物；吸引（力）”
attractive是attract的形容词形式，意为“有魅力的，吸引人的，引人注目的”。
We often find people who have a good sense of humor more attractive.
我们经常发现具有幽默感人更有吸引力。
3．What’s the theme of Mr Audersen’s park?
theme作为名词，常见的短语为：
theme park（依特定主题所建造的）主题公园，（儿童）乐园
theme song（美）（节目等的）主题曲，主题音乐
theme, subject与topic的辨析
三个词都有“题目，话题，主题”之意
subject是此意的常用普通词；意广；
topic指讨论、文章等的题目，话题，通俗用语；
theme一般指论文、演讲、音乐等的主题，较正式，意狭。如：
The topic for his lecture is “Learn From Comrade Lei Feng”
他演讲的题目是“向雷锋同志学习”。
What is the subject of his new play?
他这部新剧的主题是什么？
4．Excuse me. Am I going in the right direction?
劳驾，我走的方向对吗？
①direction可作“方向，方位，方面”讲，用作此意时，与in搭配，即构成：
in every direction/ in all directions朝四面八方
in the direction of…朝……的方向
in the opposite direction朝相反的方向
②direction还可作“指挥，指导”，用作此意时，多与under搭配。如：
We did the work under his direction.我们在他的指导下工作。
③direction的复数相当于instructions，“指示，说明；命令”，多和for搭配。如：
Follow the directions for the use of the medicine.
请遵照此药的使用说明。
5．A theme park is a collection of rides, exhibitions and other attractions that are based on a common theme.
主题公园是围绕一个共同主题所设立的集车乘，展览等吸引人的项目为一体的公园。
①a collection of意为“一批；大量”，其后接复数名词，如果用作主语，谓语动词常用复数形式。例如：
A collection of ancient coins are buried behind his home garden.
一批古钱币被埋在他家后院。
②that引导的是定语从句，指代rides, exhibitions or other attractions,在句中作主语。
③base sth. on/ upon…意为“以……为基础/根据”。如：
One should always base his opinion on facts.
一个人应该始终以事实为依据发表自己的观点。
This story is based on facts.这故事是有事实根据的。
6．What they all have in common is that they combine fun with the opportunity to learn something.
它们的共同点是把娱乐和学习的机会结合在一起。
①句子前半部分What they all have in common是一个what引导的主语从句，其后谓语动词用单数形式，后半部分that they combine fun with the opportunity to learn something是一个that引导的表语从句，that不作任何成分，只起连接作用。
②combine…with…把……和……结合起来
He tried to combine theory with practice.
他试着使理论和实际相结合。
7．But theme parks also try to make sure that visitors leave knowing more about their theme.
但是，主题公园还尽量得保证游客离去时还对公园的主题有更多的了解。
make sure有两个意思：①确定，弄明白；②确保，务必，其后常接宾语从句或介词of短语。如：
Can you make sure that you will succeed?你能确保成功吗？
Please make sure that the lights are turned off.请一定要关好灯。
You’d better make sure of the time and place.你最好把时间和地点弄确实。
Make sure(that) you pick me up at five.你一定要在5点开车来接我。
8．Visitors to Ocean Park will find all the rides and attractions that can be found in most parks, but they will also find many opportunities to learn about life in the ocean.
来到海洋公园的游客会发现在其他公园里能找到的娱乐交通工具与吸引人的事物，但他们还能找到许多机会来了解海洋生物。
opportunity意为“机会”、“良机”，其后可接to do sth.或of doing sth.或for sth.如：
I missed a good opportunity to give my opinion on it.
我失去了对那事提意见的机会。
I had the chance of visiting Paris.我有机会访问巴黎。
There is no opportunity for drawing back.没有后退的机会。
“抓住机会”有以下几种形式表达：
catch/ seize/ take an opportunity
chance与opportunity的辨析
chance多指偶然的机会，含有侥幸的意味在内
opportunity多指特殊的机会，含有期待的意味。
两者有时可以互换，chance可表示可能性，而opportunity不能。如：
A strange chance had landed me upon the French coast.
一个奇怪的机会使我站在法国的海岸上。
She waited a long time without finding an opportunity for a new departure.
她等了很长时间都没有找到新的动身机会。
There is a chance that he may be alive.
他也许活着也说不定。
9．The park is divided into two sections.
公园被分成两个部分。
divide当“分，分割，把……分成（若干部分）”讲时，常与into连用。
The class was divided into three groups when we went on our outing.
我们外出郊游时，全班分成了三个小组。
The country is divided into 12 provinces.
这个国家划分为十二个省。
divide还可作“分配、分发、分享”讲，常与between, among, with连用。
The prize money will be divided among the three winners.
奖金将由三名优胜者均分。
Divide the cake with your sister.
跟你妹妹分吃这块蛋糕。
divide还作“除，除以”，常与by, into连用。
15 divided by 3 is 5.十五除以三等于五。
3 divides into 15 5 times用三除十五得五。
divide与separate的辨析
divide侧重于把原来的整体分成若干部分；
separate把原来连在一起的或靠近的人或物分离开来。separate多与from一起搭配使用。
10．Having enjoyed the rides at the Headland, visitors can take the shuttle to the Lowland.
游客在高地车乘以后，可以坐穿梭车去低地。
having enjoyed the rides at the Headland是现在分词的完成形式，在句中作状语，强调enjoy这一动作在take之前发生。再如：
Having watered the vegetables, they began to pick the apples.
他们浇完了蔬菜之后就开始摘苹果。
Having been told many times, he still couldn’t understand it.
尽管被告诉好几次了，他仍然不能理解它。
11．Visitors can go on exciting rides where they can feel what it is like to do the things they have seen their heroes do in the movie.
游客可以乘车参加令人刺激的兜风，感受他们在电影里看见的主角所经历的感觉。
①整个句子是一个复杂的复合句，它含有状语从句、宾语从句和定语从句。where引导地点状语从句，因为rides不是表地点的先行词。what引导宾语从句，they have seen…是定语从句，修饰things，关系代词由于在从句中作宾语而被省略了。例如：
Please make marks where you have any questions.
请在你有问题的地方做记号。（where引导了一个地点状语从句）
②go on exciting rides 进行令人刺激的兜风
go on 此处意为“去（访问、旅行等）。再如：
go on a trip/ journey 去旅行 go on a visit 去访问
go on a voyage 去航海 go on an outing 去郊游
12．Other roller coasters are inside a mountain or building so that you ride through darkness.
其他的过山车驶入山体或者大楼，兜风中穿越黑暗。
so that在此引导一个结果状语从句。要注意so that引导的结果状语从句与其引导的目的状语从句的区别。so that引导的目的状语从句中通常有情态动词may，can，might，could等，且多放在主句之后；so that引导的结果状语从句不含情态动词，且都放在主句之后。试比较：
We had to get up early so that we could catch the first bus.
We got up early, so that we caught the first bus.
我们起床起得很早，所以赶上了第一班公共汽车。（so that 引导结果状语从句）
13．You can feel what it is like to live in space.
你可以感受在太空的感觉。
What it is like to live in space 中的it是形式主语，to live in space是动词不定式作真正主语。如：
What’s it like to live under the sea? 在海底生活会怎么样呢？
It would be better for you to go there. 你还是去好。
14．Some thrill rides will let you feel what it is like to fall through the air: you sit in a car that “falls” from a tall tower and you scream your way down to a safe landing.
有些动感电影让你感受空中坠落，你坐的车厢从高塔上直跌下来，你一路尖叫，直到安全落地。
scream one’s way是“一路尖叫地……”的意思，类似的表达法有：
wind one’s way （蜿蜒前进）
fight one’s way （打出一条路来）
make one’s way （走向）
elbow one’s way （拱出来）
feel one’s way （摸着走）
push one’s way （挤出来）
lose one’s way （迷路）
15．What do you expect visitors to learn from it?
你期望游客从中学到什么？
expect常见用法：
①expect sb./ sth. 期待、预料
I’m expecting a telegraph. 我在等一封电报。
②expect to do sth. 期望做某事
They expected to finish the work by Friday.
他们期望在周五前完成任务。
③expect sb. to do sth. 期望某人做某事，不定式作宾语补足语。
She expected us to be waiting for her there.
她希望我们在那里等她。
④expect 用于than 或as 引导的从句中。
You arrived earlier than I had expected= You arrived earlier than expected.
你比预料的到得早。
The work is getting on as well as can be expected.
=The work is getting on as well as expected.
工作的进展情况跟预料的一样好。
⑤在简略答语中的用法：
-Do you expect it will rain? 你预计会下雨吗？
-Yes, I expect so. （No, I don’t expect so = I expect not.）
是的，我想会下雨。（不，我想不会。）
They sent us their statement, hoping to get our support.
=As they hoped to get our support, they sent us their statement.
（三）表示条件（多置于句首）
Working hard (=If you work hard), you will succeed.
（四）表示让步（多置于句首）
Being rich, he was unhappy.
=Though he was rich, he was unhappy.
（五）表示结果（多置于句末）
The snow lasted a week, resulting in a serious traffic confusion in the whole area. = The snow lasted a week, so it resulted in a serious traffic confusion in the whole area.
（六）表示方式或伴随（多置于句末）
-ing形式作方式状语或伴随状语，用来对谓语动词表示的动作或状态加以说明。一般来说，-ing形式表示的动作和谓语动词所表示的动作同时发生。它没有相应的状语从句可以代替。
She sat at the desk reading a newspaper.
=She was sitting at the desk and was reading a newspaper.
We got up early, so that we caught the first bus.
我们起床起得很早，所以赶上了第一班公共汽车。（so that 引导结果状语从句）
13．You can feel what it is like to live in space.
你可以感受在太空的感觉。
What it is like to live in space 中的it是形式主语，to live in space是动词不定式作真正主语。如：
What’s it like to live under the sea? 在海底生活会怎么样呢？
It would be better for you to go there. 你还是去好。
14．Some thrill rides will let you feel what it is like to fall through the air: you sit in a car that “falls” from a tall tower and you scream your way down to a safe landing.
有些动感电影让你感受空中坠落，你坐的车厢从高塔上直跌下来，你一路尖叫，直到安全落地。
scream one’s way是“一路尖叫地……”的意思，类似的表达法有：
wind one’s way （蜿蜒前进）
fight one’s way （打出一条路来）
make one’s way （走向）
elbow one’s way （拱出来）
feel one’s way （摸着走）
push one’s way （挤出来）
lose one’s way （迷路）
15．What do you expect visitors to learn from it?
你期望游客从中学到什么？
expect常见用法：
①expect sb./ sth. 期待、预料
I’m expecting a telegraph. 我在等一封电报。
②expect to do sth. 期望做某事
They expected to finish the work by Friday.
他们期望在周五前完成任务。
③expect sb. to do sth. 期望某人做某事，不定式作宾语补足语。
She expected us to be waiting for her there.
她希望我们在那里等她。
④expect 用于than 或as 引导的从句中。
You arrived earlier than I had expected= You arrived earlier than expected.
你比预料的到得早。
The work is getting on as well as can be expected.
=The work is getting on as well as expected.
工作的进展情况跟预料的一样好。
⑤在简略答语中的用法：
-Do you expect it will rain? 你预计会下雨吗？
-Yes, I expect so. （No, I don’t expect so = I expect not.）
是的，我想会下雨。（不，我想不会。）
篇3：NSEFC 高一Unit 18 New Zealand重、难点讲解
本单元教学的重、难点讲解
1．Look at the map of China and the names of countries，islands and seas beyond China.
看看中国地图以及除中国外的其他国家、岛屿和海洋的名字。
beyond在本句中为介词，意为“在……的那边，远于；超出；除……之外。”如：
The apples on the tree are beyond my reach.
我够不着树上的苹果。
I know nothing of it beyond what he told me.
除了他告诉我的别的我都不知道。
What lies beyond the mountains？ 山的那边有什么？
Don’t stay there beyond midnight. 不要过了半夜还呆在那儿。
2．The East China Sea lies to the east of Zhejiang Province.
东海位于浙江省的东面。
表示方法
①通常用动词be和lie，be后接介词短语，lie后既可接介词短语，又可接副词短语。
如：
Japan is to the east of China.
Japan lies to the east of China.
Japan lies east of China.
②有三个介词可分别表示方位：to，in，on。to表示在另一个地点的外部，译成“在…以…，在……面”；in表示范围内；on表示接壤。例如：
Mexico is in the south of North America.
墨西哥位于北美的南部。
注意：表示某一山脉或界线，以东、以西、以南、以北必须用to。on还可表示“在……河畔”。
Nanjing lies on the Changjiang River. 南京位于长江之滨。
Guangdong lies to the south of Hubei. 广东在湖北以南。
Guangdong lies on the south of Hunan. 广东在湖南以南。（与湖南接壤）
③有时可以把副词短语放在句首加动词lie或stand，表示方位.（构成完全倒装句）。
East of the village stands a big factory.
3．Where is your great-grand father on your father’s side from?
你父亲的曾祖父是哪里人？
①on your father’s side意为“父亲的，你父亲的”。side在此意为“血统，世系，家系”。如：
a cousin on my father’s side 父系的表亲
her aunt on her mother’s side 她的姨妈
②be from = come from来自，是哪里人。如：
He is / comes from Japan. 他是日本人。
4．It is made up of two large islands：North Island and South Island.
它（新西兰）由两大岛屿组成：北岛和南岛。
be made up of…由……组成（指由个体组成某个整体，此时为被动结构。）
make up…组成…（此时为主动结构。）如：
Our class is made up of 32 boys and 20 girls. = Thirty-two boys and twenty girls make up our class.
我们班由三十二个男生和二十个女生组成。
make up还可作“弥补；编造；整理；化妆”讲。例如：
This story was made up by Tom. 这个故事是汤姆虚构的。
She always makes up before leaving. 在走之前，她总是化一下妆。
We must make it up to him somehow.
我们得想个办法赔偿他。
5．New Zealand is surrounded by the Pacific Ocean to the north and east，and the Tasman Sea to the south and west.
新西兰北面和东面被太平洋包围，南面和西面则是塔斯曼海。
surround…with…意为“用……把……围住”，常用于被动语态
be surrounded by / with，意为“（四周）被……包围，围住”。要表达“在某一面被包围，围住”，短语后面接介词to，by或on。例如：
The village is surrounded by mountains on its sides.
这个村子三面环山。
6．It is about the same size as Japan. 新西兰大约和日本一样大。
the same…as…意为“与……一样/相同”。as后可接名词、代词、副词及从句。如：
Your pen is the same as mine.
according to the same rules as before. 根据以前的规则
注意：“the same +名词”后可接由as或that引导的定语从句。但是that强调的是同一件事情。例如：
This is the same book as I lost the other day.
这本书和我前几天去的那本一模一样。
This is the same book that I lost the other day.
这正是我前几天丢的那本书。
7．The ocean and seas surrounding the islands are deep blue and many of New Zealand’s cities lie on a bay and have a natural deep harbour.
岛国的周围是蔚蓝色的海洋，新西兰许多城市都建在海湾上，拥有天然的深水港。
这里的介词on表示“在……水（旁），靠近……（水）；沿着（水边）（at the side of a river or area of water）。”例如：
Tianjin is on the Haihe River. 天津在海河河畔。
注意比较：on the coast与off the coast. 两者的意思都是“靠近岸边”，但前者表示在岸上；后者表示“在海上”。
8．The North Island is famous for an area of hot springs，some of which throw hot water high into the air.
北岛以一个地区的温泉而著称，其中的一些温泉喷到空中的水很高。
①be famous for…意为“以……著名/出名”。for表示原因。如：
China is famous for the Great Wall.
中国以长城而著称。
②some of which throw…是一个非限制性定语从句，其标志是先行词与定语从句之间有逗号。此句中的which不能用that代替，that不能引导非限制性定语从句。
Football，which is a very interesting game，is played all over the world.
足球，一项很有趣的体育活动，全世界都在踢。
9．It is some 3500 kilometres from Polynesia to New Zealand，which they travelled in narrow
boats.
从波利尼西到新西兰有3500公里，他们乘着狭长的小船前来。
①此处“it”与“which”，均指代距离。
②some在句中是副词，通常用于数字前，解释“大约（about）”。例如：
That was some twenty years ago. 那是在大约前的事。
③Polynesia（波利尼西亚）是位于大洋洲东部的中太平洋群岛，主要包括法属波利尼西亚、夏威夷、汤加等。
10．Captain James Cook took possession of the islands in 1769.
詹姆士库克船长在1769年占领了这些岛屿。
take possession of意为“占领，占据；获得；占有”，其中possession是名词，意为“拥有，占有，所有，着迷，领土，财产（复数）”。如：
He had few possessions. 他的财产很少。
a man of great possessions 富人
How did you get possession of it? 你是怎样得到它的？
He gave up possession of the house. 他放弃了这房子的所有权。
possess是动词形式，意为“占有，拥有，持有”，如：
He possesses（=owns）a gold watch. 他拥有一块金表。
11．By 1840 about Europeans，mainly British，had come to settle in New Zealand and the Maori signed an agreement with these settlers.
到1840年，大约有两千欧洲人，其中主要是英国人，就已经在新西兰定居了，毛利人跟这些定居者签订了一份协议。
①by是介词，在此句中意思是“到……时为止”，表示时间。其后若跟过去时间，时态多用过去完成时；其后若跟将来时间，时态多用将来完成时。如：
By the age of fourteen，he had learned advanced maths.
到十四岁时，他已学习高等数学。
By the end of this term，we’ll have learned 3000 English words.
到本学期末为止，我们将学会三千英语单词。
②settle意为“定居；安置，安顿；解决，确定；使平静”。如：
She has settled happily in America. 她在美国愉快地定居了。
We are settled in our new home. 我们入住新居。
We have settled who will pay for the meal.
我们已经定了由谁来付饭钱。
Wait until the excitement has settled down.
等到兴奋的情绪镇静下来再说。
③sign在此句中是动词，意为“签名（于），署名（于）。”如：
Both parties have signed the contract. 双方已经在合同上签字了。
④agreement为名词，意为“协议，协定，同意，一致，契约”。如：
His opinion is in agreement with mine.
他的意见和我的一致。
They have made an agreement about the plan.
他们在这个计划上意见一致了。
12．New Zealand has a population of about 3.8 million people，of which about 14 percent are Maori.
新西兰人口大约有三百八十万，其中约百分之十四是毛利人。
have a population of指的是“人口数量是……”。常用在“哪个地方有多少人口”这个句型中。如：
Our city has a population of 10 million.
我们的城市有一千万人口。
population还有下列用法：
①population作主语时，谓语动词常用单数。如：
The population of China is very large. 中国的人口很多。
②但当population前有百分数或分数时，谓语动词常用复数。如：
More than eighty percent of the population of China are farmers. 中国80%以上的人口是农民。
③修饰population时，用large或small.如：
The population of China is larger than that of Japan.
中国的人口比日本多。
④对population提问时，用what不用how much.如：
What was the population of Europe in ?
欧洲的人口是多少？
13．The happier events are marked with speeches, singing and dancing.
在喜庆事件中，人们发表讲话，还载歌载舞来庆祝。
mark作“标记于，打分数，标志”讲时，常与with连用。如：
The newly-painted floor was marked with footprints.
刚刚油漆过的地板留下了一些脚印。
The box is marked with“Made in China.”
那个箱子上标有“中国制造”字样。
14．New Zealand is an important agricultural country, with cattle farming on the North Island，while the hilly South Island has more sheep farms.
新西兰是个重要的农业国家，在北岛上养殖牛，而多山的南岛则有更多的绵羊农场。
①with+宾语（cattle farming）+宾补（on the North Island），这是with的复合宾语结构。宾补除了是介词短语外，还可以是形容词、名词、不定式、现在分词、过去分词等。此结构作状语。例如：
The teacher entered the classroom with a book in her hand.
I like sleeping with all the windows open.
Lu Xun fought against the enemy with a pen as his weapon.
鲁迅用笔作为武器跟敌人作战。
With all the problems to settle，I’ll have a hard time.
所有的问题有待于解决，我的日子将不好过。
With the boy leading the way，they had no difficulty in finding the house.
有那个男孩领着路，他们很容易地就找到了那栋房子。
With his homework finished，the boy went to bed.
②while为连词，意为“而，然而”，表示对比。还有“当……时，虽然”。如：
She likes English while he likes maths.
Strike while the iron is hot. 趁热打铁。
While he loves his students，he is very strict with them.
虽然他爱他的学生，可是他对他们很严格。
15．Some farmers have turned to keeping deer.
有一些农民已转向养鹿。
①turn to在此句中意为“转到，把……转向”，to为介词，后跟名词或动名词作宾语。如：
He turned to the study of medicine.他转向学医了。
After she left school，he became a teacher，but later he turned to driving. 他毕业后当过老师，后来转行开了车。
turn to还作“翻到……；向某人/某物寻求帮助/建议/同情”等。如：
Please turn to page 42. 请把书翻到42页。
There was nobody in the street whom I could turn to for help.
街上没有一个我可以求助的人。
②keep在这里解释“饲养（raise）”。
16．New Zealand wine is of high quality and is sold all over the world.
新西兰葡萄酒质量很好，销往全世界。
be of +（adj）n意为“具有……”，其中的名词多为抽象名词，如：help，use，importance，value等；也可为具体名词，如：age，weight，height，length，width，size等。此短语在句中作表语，定语或宾语补足语。
例如：The suggestion that he gave us is of no use.（表语）
The woman of average height is our English teacher.（定语）
那位中等身材的妇女是我们的英语老师。
I found the book of great value.（宾补）
篇4：NSEFC 高一Unit 17 Great Women重难点的讲解
本单元重难点的讲解
1. It has often been said that life is difficult as it is.
人们常说现实生活已经够艰难的了。
①“It is said that …”是常见的句型，意思是“据说，人们说”再如：
It is said that the population of males is larger than that of females in China. 据说中国男性人口高于女性人口。
It is said that he has gone abroad. 据说他已出国了。
这种句型其实是“People say that …”的被动语态。类似结构还有：It is thought that…；It is reported that …；It is believed that …；It is hoped that…等。
②as it is 也是固定的结构，解释“根据现在情况看；就以现在样子”，常用于句子开头或结尾。例如：
I thought things would get better, but as it is they are getting worse.
我原以为情况会好转，但照现在的样子看，只会更糟。
2. For women it sometimes seems twice as difficult.
对妇女来说，有时生活似乎是难上加难。
该句相当于For women life sometimes seems twice as difficult as it is.
倍数的表达法可以有以下几种表示：
The room is twice bigger than mine.
The room is twice as big as mine.
The room is twice the size of mine.
注意：倍数词总是位于第一as前，并且第二个as在上下文意义明确的情况下可省略。
例句：The house rent is expensive. I’ve got about half the space I had at home and I’m paying ______ here.
A. as three times much B. as much three times
C. much as three times D. three times as much
分析：本句为as…as 比较结构，much后省略了as I paid at home.
表示：“我现在所付竟然是原来的三倍”，three times 应放在as much 之前。故选D。
3．Do you know a woman who really inspires you?
你认识一位真正感动你的女士吗？
inspire为及物动词，意为“鼓舞、感动”。如：
We’re trying to inspire him with confidence. 我们在努力鼓舞他的自信心。
inspiring 鼓舞人的，感动人的，是一个形容词，例如：
We regard Abraham Lincoln as an inspiring leader.
我们认为亚伯罕姆林肯是一位有感召力的领袖。
4．What has become of her ?她发生了什么变化？
become of解释“发生……情况；……怎么啦！”相当于happen to …
What will become of the children now that the parents are dead?
父母死了，孩子们会怎么样啦？
I don’t know what has become of him. 我不知道他的遭遇如何。
5．What kind of people do you think they are?
你认为他们是什么类型的人？
①kind着重指由于具有共同兴趣或特征而在一起的人，动物或物体。
如：Tom is the kind of person who likes outdoor games.
汤姆是那种喜欢户外游戏的人。
This is the kind of room that I feel at home in.
这种房间我感到没有拘束。
②本句为常do you think的特殊疑问句用法，其语序为“疑问词+do you think+疑问句的其他部分（陈述语序）”。如：
Who do you think has taken his wallet?
你认为谁拿了他的钱包？
What do you think I have bought for you?
你猜我为你买来了什么？
可以这样用的动词还有suppose, guess, believe, imagine, expect.
6．What else, but a journey at the opposite end of the world, Antarctica?
除了去世界另一头南极洲旅行，还会干什么呢？
①这是一句省略句，完整的结构是：What else would I do but a journey at the opposite end of the world, Antarctica?句中的but是介词，意为“除了……”，相当于except，常与不定代词、疑问代词等连用。例如：
In winter, bears can do nothing but lie down and sleep.
在冬天，熊只能躺下睡觉。
②else是个形容词，意为“其他的，别的”，不作前置定语，只能用在疑问词where, what, which, who等或不定代词something, anything等后，表示追加说明。如：
Is there anything else you want to say? 你还有什么要说的话吗？
Where else did you go besides Beijing?除了北京，你还到过哪？ else的所有格是else’s, 如：
Who else’s advice do you want to take? 你想听谁的劝告？
I’ll have to borrow someone else’s car. 我得借别人的车。
7．Another journey of challenge and danger was about to begin.
又一次具有危险和挑战的旅行即将开始。
①介词短语作定语时，句子的谓语动词应根据被其修饰的前面的中心词来决定。
②be about to do即将发生的动作或动作刚要开始。如：
The teacher is about to write down the new words.
注意：be about to do 不与表示时间的副词或其他时间状语连用，但可以用在be about to do when…结构中，如：
I was about to leave when the telephone began to ring.
8．But changes were just around the corner.天气即将要变了。
just around the corner意为“Likely to happen soon（即将来临）”，再如：Victory was just around the corner. 胜利即将在眼前。
A big storm was just around the corner.
一场大风暴即将来临。
9．On the third day I was struggling through stormy weather and during the next week the wind grew stronger and I found myself spending a day in my tent.
第三天我在风暴中挣扎，。第二周风刮得更猛了我发现自己终日在帐蓬里。
①struggle在这里为“挣扎”的意思。如：
Seeing a girl struggling in the river, he jumped into the water to save her.
看到一个女孩在河挣扎，他跳进水中去救她。
②find oneself ……的意思是“发现自己（处于某种状态）；不知不觉地…”例如：
When day broke, we found ourselves in a village at the foot of the mountain.
天亮时，我们发现自己来到了那座山脚下的一个村子里。
Suddenly I found myself at the water’s edge.
我忽然发现自己站在水边了。
Then I found myself surrounded by half a dozen boys.
然后我突然发现六个男孩围着自己。
10．I had traveled only two hours one day when the winds increased so much that I had to put my tent up before the wind became too strong.
一天，我刚走了两个小时，突然狂风大作，我只好趁风力还不算太大之前，支起帐蓬。
①when 表示过早发生某事（常可译为“还没（刚刚）……就”）。例如：
I had hardly opened the door when the dog barked.
我还没把门打开，狗就叫了起来。
The students hadn’t played football long when the bell rang.
学生们足球没踢一会儿，铃就响了。
when还表示突然发生某事（常译为“……正在……忽然”）。例如：
A few days later, I was moving forward over a slope that seemed safe when suddenly without warning my world dropped out from under my skis.
几天以后，我正在一个似乎安全的斜坡上前行，突然，毫不预兆，滑雪板下的大地陷下去了。
from常与另一个介词短语连用。如：
The moon appeared from behind the clouds. 月亮从云层后面露出了脸。
A rat ran out from under the bed. 一只老鼠从床底下跑了出来。
He swam from across the river. 他从河那边游了过来。
②put up 作“举起，抬起，搭起盖房子”讲。例如：
They are putting up several new houses on our street.
我们这条街上正在盖几栋新房子。
Put up your hands if you have any questions.
有问题请举手。
11．I had fallen into a hole and was hanging on the ropes tied to the sled.
我掉进了洞，挂在绑着雪撬的绳子上。
①hang作“悬挂着，吊着”，强调某一地点存在某一状态时（用进行时描写的情景更生动），为不及物动词，一般用主动语态。
例句：-Is this raincoat yours?
-No, mine - there behind the door.
A. is hanging B. has hung C. hangs D. hung
分析：由问句可知，强调“在门后挂着呢”现在这一暂时的情景，而非长期的状态，用现在进行时比一般现在时更有色彩、生动，故选A
②the ropes tied to the sled= the ropes which were tied to the sled.
12. I was in good health and all of my equipment was working well.
我身体很好，而且我所有的设备工作正常。
①be in good health是个有用短语，意为“身体状况良好”
be in bad/poor health身体状况不好。
②equipment为不可数名词，如：
This is a factory with modern equipment.
这是一家装备有现代化设备的工厂。
13．I thawed a frozen cake over my fire, placed a candle on the top , lit it and sany “happy birthday to me” at the top of my voice.
我在火上融了一个冻蛋糕，顶上插上一支蜡烛，点燃并大声高唱“祝我生日快乐”。
①thaw意为“融化、解冻”如：
He made a fire to thaw out the frozen earth.
他生起了火去融化冻土。
The ground has thawed out.地面解冻了。
②light 作为及物动词，意为“点燃”，如：
He stopped to light a cigar. 他停下来去点一支烟。
注意：light的过去式和过去分词形式有两种lighted和lit，只有lighted可以作形容词，意为“点燃的”，如：
She put a lighted candle on the top of the cake.
她在蛋糕上插上了一支点燃的蜡烛。
③at the top of one’s voice高声喊叫，大声地
14．Wait to get better or give up?
我该等着身体好起来还是放弃？
完整的句子应该是Should I wait to get better or should I give up?
①get better是get well的比较级形式，表示身体状况有所好转。
②give up作及物动词时可接动名词，作宾语意为“放弃”如：
We’ll try to persuade him into giving up smoking.
我们要设法说服他戒烟。
The young man gave up his seat to an old man.
那年青人将座位让给一位老大爷。
15．I couldn’t stand on my left leg and my head was woozy from hitting the ground.
我的左腿不能站，我头撞到地上，脑昏眼花。
①stand on的意思是“用……站立”。例如：
stand on one’s head 倒立
stand on one leg like a cock金鸡独立
②from可以表示原因，作“因为……；由于……；成为的结果”解。例如
They do something from necessity, not from a sense of duty.
他们因需要而做某事，并非出于责任感。
16．It’s an experience I shall never forget and shall value for the rest of my life.
这是一种我永远铭记在我的余生中将倍加珍惜的经历。
①experience 作“经历”讲为可数名词；作“经验”时，为不可数名词。
Have you had an unforgettable experience?
Experience is the best teacher. 经验是最好的老师。
②value作名词时，为“价值，重要性”，作动词时，为“重视，估计”。例如：
The students have always valued their teachers.
学生向来敬重他们的老师。
The house is valued at $100.000.
这房子估价十万美金。
17．The sun does not go down in Antarctica, …北极的太阳不落…
go down意为“下降，降落”，可以指太阳，月亮的落下，也可指船只的沉没，价格的下跌。例如：
The sun is going down in the west behind the mountains.
太阳正在西方下山。
Prices don’t seem to be going down.物价似乎不会下跌。
The ship has gone down in the storm. 船在风暴中沉没了。
18．Life seemed to hold no promise.
生活看来似乎毫无希望。
promise作名词时，意为“诺言，有指望，有前途”。如：
He is dishonest and he always breaks a promise.他不诚实，总是食言。
The crops are full of promise.庄稼丰收在望。
跟“诺言”有关的短语有：keep a promise信守诺言；carry out a promise履行诺言；break a promise不守诺言
19．Her father showed her how hard work and discipline could lead to self-improvement.
她父亲让她明白艰苦奋斗和严以律己可以使人改善自己。
lead (sb. / sth ) to后跟名词，表示“引起（某人/某物）产生……”。例如：
Junk food will lead you to disease. 不健康食品会使你得病的。
Too much work often leads to illness.劳累过渡可导致疾病。
20．Her life shows us that hard work and discipline are the road to self-improvement.
她的生活向我们表明，艰苦奋斗和严守纪律是改善自己的途径。
road, street, path与way和辨析：
road指两地之间能通行人或车辆的大道，意为“公路，马路；道路；途径；”
street指城市乡镇中两边有建筑物的路段，意为“街道”；
path指由行人在田野林间踩成的道，往往较窄小蜿蜒曲折；
way指到达目的地所经过的途径，意为“道路、途径”，含义较抽象。有时还引申为“方法、方式或手段”。
篇5：课文《马》重难点讲解
课文《马》重难点讲解
这是一篇介绍马的科学小品，也是一篇优美的散文。作者用文学的笔调，描绘了马在两种生存状态下的不同形象，字里行间，流露出作者对“被人养育”“经过训练”“供人驱使”的马深表同情，因为这种马是“它的教育以丧失自由而开始，以接受束缚而告终”；对“在无垠的草原上”“自由自在地生活着的马匹”的'由衷赞美，因为这种马是大自然中的野马，它们自由自在地生活，热爱和平，团结和睦，体形最匀称，最优美。
布封笔下的马被赋予人性的光彩，它像英勇忠义的战士，又像驯服诚实的奴仆；它像豪迈而犷野的游侠，又像典雅高贵的绅士。
